Studies of the Nutritional, Environmental Effects and Repressive Nature of Simple Sugars on the Production of endo-β-mannanase by Aspergillus flavus PT7 on Solid State Fermentation

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ukponobong E. Anita ◽  
Nsikak U. Stephen ◽  
Abiodun A. Onilude ◽  
Inimfon A. Ibanga
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Production Increase ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

Aims: The importance of nutritional and environmental factors in the production of microbial enzymes cannot be overemphasized. Hence, endo-β-mannanase production was systematically studied in a step-wise approach of building up on the experimentally observed conditions favouring the production of this enzyme in Aspergillus flavus PT7. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, between January 2018 and December 2018. Methodology: Thirty-eight (38) fungal isolates obtained were screened for mannolytic ability using standard method. The highest producer of endo-β-mannasase was subjected to various production conditions by adjusting the nutritional and environmental factors in view of optimizing the production of this enzyme in the isolate Aspergillus flavus PT7. Results: Copra meal was the highest inducer of mannanase production in the isolate at enzyme activity of 85.86±3.93 U/gds. Production increased to 94.54±0.42 when all forms of extraneous nitrogen sources were excluded from the production medium. pH 5.0, temperature 30°C, moisture content at 100% v/w and inoculum size of 8.0% v/w led to the increase in production by 44% (enzyme activity of 153.24±5.69 U/gds) in 5 days of incubation. Allowing the production set up additional two (2) days led to production increase with a recorded enzyme activity of 170.34±4.35 U/gds. Production of endo-β-mannanase in A. flavus PT7 was observed to be inductive as the presence of simple sugars like glucose, galactose, arabinose and xylose led to extended lag period in the production of the enzymes by the isolate. Conclusion: Production of endo-β-mannanase by Aspergillus flavus PT7 was successfully optimized in a step-wise and systematic experimental study of the nutritional and environmental growth conditions of the isolate.

Growth morphology of Streptomyces akiyoshiensis in submerged culture: influence of pH, inoculum, and nutrients

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Glazebrook ◽  
L. C. Vining ◽  
R. L. White
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Growth Morphology ◽  
Physiological Control ◽  
Submerged Cultures ◽  
Pellet Formation ◽  
Culture Influence

Most media in which the growth of shaken submerged cultures of Streptomyces akiyoshiensis was examined did not support the formation of well-dispersed mycelial suspensions. Investigation of the culture conditions promoting dispersed growth showed the pH of the culture medium to be of critical importance; an initial value of 5.5 minimized aggregation of the mycelium while supporting adequate biomass production. In cultures started at this pH, spore inocula gave better mycelial dispersal than did vegetative inocula; with spore inocula, growth morphology was also less affected by inoculum size. The composition of the nutrient solution influenced the extent of mycelial dispersal; slow growth was often associated with clumping but no clear correlation was observed between pellet formation and the ability of carbon or nitrogen sources to support rapid growth. Increasing the phosphate concentration from 0.5 to 15 mM caused a modest decrease in mycelial aggregation. Conditions promoting a well-dispersed mycelium suitable for studying the physiological control of secondary metabolism also supported the formation of 5-hydroxy-4-oxonorvaline by S. akiyoshiensis. Key words: Streptomyces akiyoshiensis, mycelial aggregation, growth conditions.

scholarly journals Production of cellulase by Mucor ramanniacus using submerged fermentation and its applications in biodegradation of agro-industrial waste

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiwo Dorcas Ibukunoluwa ◽  
Ademakinwa Adedeji Nelson ◽  
Zainab Adenike Ayinla ◽  
Femi Kayode Agboola
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Triton X

Abstract This study was undertaken to isolate and identify a novel cellulase-producing strain from a waste site (7°28’11’’N 4°31’24’’E), optimise the growth conditions, partially purify and biochemically characterise the enzyme. The potentials of the purified cellulase to hydrolyse the lignocellulosic component of some agro-industrial wastes (e.g. orange peels etc.) was also investigated. The best cellulase-producing fungus was identified as Mucor ramanniacus and the optimum conditions for cellulase production were pH (4.5), inoculum size (12 mm), carbon and nitrogen sources were carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium nitrate respectively resulting in a specific activity of 1423 Units/mg protein. A purification fold of 1.56 and 45.37 % yield were obtained after purification. The optimum pH and temperature were at 9.0 and 40°C respectively. The kinetic parameters were 0.63 ± 0.495 mg/ml, 20.21 ± 11.28 U/ml, 1001.4s− 1 for Km and Vmax and kcat respectively. Na+, K+, Ca+, Cysteine, β-mercaptoethanol and SDS were activators while Tween 80, Triton X-100 EDTA, Hg2+ and Ba2+ inhibited the enzyme. M. ramanniacus cellulase hydrolysed all agro-industrial wastes used. The partially purified M. ramanniacus cellulase showed great potential in biodegradation of various lignocellulosic substrates and the biochemical characteristics exhibited makes it suitable in industrial applications.

scholarly journals Biocatalytic Ketone Reduction - A Study on Screening and Effect of Culture Conditions on the Reduction of Selected Ketones

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 54-77
Author(s):  
Ramprasad Kuncham ◽  
K.T. Gurumurthy ◽  
N. Chandan ◽  
Aamir Javed ◽  
L.S. Ashwini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Enzyme Expression ◽  
Maximum Conversion

Microbial conversions are gaining importance in the synthesis of important drug metabolites and their intermediates as they are good alternative to chemical synthesis since they are enantio-selective and regio-selective and even can be carried out at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. Till date, biocatalytic reduction of acetophenone and its derivatives has been widely reported. In the present study, we have made an attempt to carry out the microbial bioreduction of o-hydroxyacetophenone by screening some of the selected microorganisms which were obtained from culture collection centre as well as those which are isolated in our Microbiology lab. The selected microorganisms include Aspergillus ochraceous, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus tubingenesis, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolanifer MTCC 162, Rhizopus stolanifer MTCC 2591 and Baker’s yeast.Among the seven microorganisms screened for the bioreduction of o-hydroxyacetophenone, Baker’s yeast and Aspergillus tubingenesis showed significant bioconversion where as Aspergillus ochraceous exhibited the least bioconversion.In our earlier study it was found that Aspergillus flavus has the required bioreductase enzyme, which showed the maximum conversion of p-chloroacetophenone to p-chlorophenylethanol. Hence optimization of culture conditions to get maximum enzyme expression and hence maximum conversion was thought off. The parameters considered for the study include effect of various Carbon sources, Nitrogen source, Metal ions, incubation Temperature and media pH on enzyme expression. The optimized culture a condition at which maximum bioconversion was achieved was maltose among various carbon sources. Tryptone was found to have maximum effect among the nitrogen sources. Media pH 7.6 and incubation temperature of 35 °C was found to be favourable for maximum enzyme activity. Among various divalent metal salts, addition of magnesium sulphate to the media significantly increased the enzyme activity.

scholarly journals Production of α-amylase(s) by Aspergillus flavus, F7 attacking water hyacinth ground preparation (WHGP) under solid state fermentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Eman I. El-Tabakh ◽  
Mostafa M. Abo Elsoud ◽  
Marwa S. Salem ◽  
Nagwa M. Sidkey
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fermentation Conditions ◽  
Pyridoxal Hydrochloride

Some environmental and nutritional parameters controlling the biosynthesis of α-amylase from Aspergillus flavus, F7 attacking the water hyacinth have been investigated under solid state fermentation conditions for maximum amylase production. The following optima’s were recorded for the highest α-amylase yield; Incubation period 7 days; temperature, 30oC; pH, 5; inoculum size, 3X108 spores/ml; flask volume 100 ml capacity; hyacinth fresh weight 5 g; tap water, 25 ml. Under these conditions, starch showed remarkable stimulatory effect; nitrogen sources and amino acids have no stimulatory effect. Pyridoxal hydrochloride, B6 at a concentration of 200 ppm exhibited a stimulatory effect on biosynthesis of α-amylase. 

scholarly journals An Application of Response Surface Methodology for Optimizing the Production of Chitin Deacetylase Enzyme by Aspergillus Flavus

2019 ◽  
pp. 1206-1220
Author(s):  
Reem W. Yonis ◽  
Khalid Jaber Kadhum Luti ◽  
Ghazi M Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Solid Substrate ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Chitin Deacetylase ◽  
Classical Optimization

In this study, the optimum conditions for chitin deacetylase (CDA) production by Aspergillus flavus F1 in solid-state fermentation were investigated via two optimization strategies: classical optimization based on the method of one factor at a time and statistical optimization using response surface methodology. The result of classical optimization showed that corn supplemented with 2% chitin moisturized with mineral salts solution at pH=7 and five days of incubation time were the optimum conditions for increasing CDA production with approximately yield of 219.5 U/g solid substrate. Furthermore, pH, moisture level and inoculum size were systemically evaluated to improve CDA production based on a central composite design using the Design expert 7 software. Based on the enhanced regression model, a maximum predicted CDA enzyme production of 283.8 U/g could be obtained with pH 8, moisture level 1:1 (w/v) and inoculum size 3 ml/10g solid substrate, which contain 1×106 spore/ml. The verification of optimization results and determine accuracy of model showed that the actual response of CDA was 312 U/g, which approximately closed to predicted value 283.89 U/g. The crude extract of CDA was concentrated by sucrose. The results showed that 61% of CDA enzyme was yielded with a purification fold of 1.1 In addition. Then CDA was purified partially by gel filtration chromatography after concentration by sucrose with total enzyme activity and specific activity of 1476 U and 12300 (U/mg protein) respectively. Furthermore, the produced CDA enzyme showed maximum activity in pH ranged from (6-8); in which enzyme activity was 69 U/ ml. however; the enzyme stability has a wide range in acidic and alkaline pH. In addition, the enzyme was maintained its activity at temperatures from 30 to 55C˚. Whereas, the activity was declined in temperature up to 55Cº with a minimum activity (8 U/ml) observed at 80Cº.

scholarly journals Optimum growth conditions of Lactobacillus brevis LIPI13-2-LAB131 in β-galactosidase enzyme production

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aafiyah Wahyu Nur Indah ◽  
ROHMATUSSOLIHAT ROHMATUSSOLIHAT ◽  
WINIATI PUDJI RAHAYU ◽  
FITRI SETYONINGRUM ◽  
GUNAWAN PRIADI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Enzyme Purification ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Optimum Growth

Abstract. Indah AWN, Rohmatussolihat, Rahayu WP, Setyoningrum F, Priadi G, Afianti F. 2020. Optimum growth conditions of Lactobacillus brevis LIPI13-2-LAB131 in β-galactosidase enzyme production. Biodiversitas 21: 5403-5407. Deficiency of β-galactosidase enzyme causes lactose to become undigested in gastrointestinal system, therefore the system needs further addition of external β-galactosidase. The sources β-galactosidase enzyme varies from plants, animals, and microorganisms. In industrial applications, microorganisms have become a considered potential source of β-galactosidase. Lactobacillus brevis LIPI13-2-LAB131 had high β-galactosidase enzyme activity, which was 7.93 U/mL. The aim of this research was to optimize the growth condition of L. brevis LIPI13-2-LAB131 in order to produce maximum β-galactosidase enzyme activity. This research consisted of performing optimization processes using design expert 7.0 (DX7) program with response surface methodology (RSM) and partial purification of β-galactosidase enzyme. The results of this research showed that the optimum growth conditions of L. brevis LIPI13-2-LAB131 were in 1.48% lactose level, incubation temperature of 34.91 °C, incubation time of 48.48 hours, and 2.83% inoculum size with desirability value of 0.839. The result of enzyme purification showed that value of β-galactosidase enzyme activity increased up to 22.88 ± 0.29 U/mL with purification yield of 11.65%.

scholarly journals Carbon and Nitrogen Sources Have No Impact on the Organization and Composition of Ustilago maydis Respiratory Supercomplexes

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Deyamira Matuz-Mares ◽  
Oscar Flores-Herrera ◽  
Guadalupe Guerra-Sánchez ◽  
Lucero Romero-Aguilar ◽  
Héctor Vázquez-Meza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atp Synthase ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Atp Synthesis ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Respiratory Complexes ◽  
Respiratory Supercomplexes ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenases ◽  
Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

Respiratory supercomplexes are found in mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and some bacteria. A hypothetical role of these supercomplexes is electron channeling, which in principle should increase the respiratory chain efficiency and ATP synthesis. In addition to the four classic respiratory complexes and the ATP synthase, U. maydis mitochondria contain three type II NADH dehydrogenases (NADH for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and the alternative oxidase. Changes in the composition of the respiratory supercomplexes due to energy requirements have been reported in certain organisms. In this study, we addressed the organization of the mitochondrial respiratory complexes in U. maydis under diverse energy conditions. Supercomplexes were obtained by solubilization of U. maydis mitochondria with digitonin and separated by blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE). The molecular mass of supercomplexes and their probable stoichiometries were 1200 kDa (I1:IV1), 1400 kDa (I1:III2), 1600 kDa (I1:III2:IV1), and 1800 kDa (I1:III2:IV2). Concerning the ATP synthase, approximately half of the protein is present as a dimer and half as a monomer. The distribution of respiratory supercomplexes was the same in all growth conditions. We did not find evidence for the association of complex II and the alternative NADH dehydrogenases with other respiratory complexes.

Growth Conditions of a Thermophilic Geobacillus sp. as an Enhanced Oil Recovery Material

2012 ◽  
Vol 496 ◽  
pp. 457-460
Author(s):  
Xiang Ping Kong
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Strictly Aerobic ◽  
Aerobic Bacterium ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

The growth conditions of a Geobacillus sp. were investigated by single-factor experiments. The strain was strictly aerobic bacterium, and could grow on hydrocarbons as the sole carbon source. The optimum carbon and nitrogen sources were 3.0% sucrose and 0.20% KNO3, respectively. The range of temperature, salinity and pH for the bacterial growth was 35-70 °C, 0-10% NaCl and 5.5-9.5, and good growth was obtained at 35-65 °C, 0.5-8% NaCl and 6.0-9.0, respectively. Particularly, the optimum temperature for the bacterial growth was between 50 °C and 60 °C. The strain had wide adaptability to the extreme conditions, and may be potentially applied to microbial enhanced oil recovery and oil-waste bioremediation technology.

Factors Influencing Geosmin Production by the Cyanobacterium Oscillatoria Brevis

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Naes ◽  
H. C. Utkilen ◽  
A. F. Post
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Limited Growth ◽  
Pigment Synthesis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Effect Of Inhibitors

Environmental factors affecting geosmin production by Oscillatoria brevis have been investigated under laboratory conditions using continuous culture techniques. Transition from light to nutrient limited growth conditions caused a two-fold decrease in geosmin production. However, geosmin content increased relative to pigment content (chlorophyll a and carotenoids). It has been suggested that geosmin biosynthesis in O. brevis proceeds via the isoprenoid pathway as was found in actinomycetes. Accordingly, we investigated the effect of inhibitors of the intermediate stages in this synthetic pathway in order to study the regulation of geosmin production in relation to pigment synthesis. It was concluded that geosmin seemed to function as an overflow metabolite in this pathway. Due to the only modest changes in geosmin production per dry weight compared to changes in biomass levels during light- or nutrient limited growth, contamination of eutrophic fresh waters with geosmin appears to depend mainly on the species present and its biomass level and only to a limited extent on nutrient enhanced synthesis.

Effect of Food Environment on Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Synthesis: A Review

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 545-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. SMITH ◽  
R. L. BUCHANAN ◽  
S. A. PALUMBO
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Sublethal Stress ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Chloride Water

Effects of various nutritional and environmental factors on growth and enterotoxin synthesis by Staphylococcus aureus in model systems and foods are reviewed. Factors discussed include effects of inoculum size, competing microflora, gaseous atmosphere, carbon source, temperature, pH, sodium chloride, water activity, mineral ions and sublethal stress. Areas where additional research is needed are also discussed.

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