scholarly journals Overview of the Management of COVID-19 Efficacy and Doubts

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
O. A. Ayodeji ◽  
C. N. Stanley ◽  
P. C. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Psychosocial Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is defined as an illness caused by a novel coronavirus now called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2. It was first identified during an outbreak of respiratory illness cases in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. Management of COVID-19 is still unspecific as there are no vaccine or specific antiviral drugs are available for its treatment. This paper reviews the management efficacy and doubt of COVID-19. Methods: A comprehensive search from relevant literatures, World Health Organization (W.H.O), Centre for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) official websites and announcements was performed between 1 March 2020 to 10:30 am 22 April 2020 (Nigerian time). A latest summary of 2019- nCoV and the current outbreak was drawn. Conclusion: The covid-19 pandemic is spreading rapidly and several researchers are making efforts to discover drugs for its treatment. Chloroquine phosphate, vaccines and other forms of management strategies have been employed. However, preventive measures like social distancing, washing of hands with soap and water, wearing of face masks and psychosocial treatment should be adopted while waiting for pharmacological treatments.

scholarly journals COVID-19: A Conundrum to Decipher

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishwajit Deshmukh ◽  
Satyendra C. Tripathi ◽  
Arvind Pandey ◽  
Vaishnavi Deshmukh ◽  
Ashlesh Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Medical Condition ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

OBJECTIVE: Recent worldwide outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of respiratory coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a current, ongoing life-threatening crisis and international public health emergency. The early diagnosis and management of the disease remains a major challenge. In this review, we aim to summarize the updated epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, as well as prevention and control of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A broad search of the literature was performed in “PubMed” “Medline” “Web of knowledge”, and “Google Scholar” World Health Organization-WHO” using the keywords “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus”, “2019-nCoV”, “COVID-19, “SARS”, “SARS-CoV-2” “Epidemiology” “Transmission” “Pathogenesis” “Clinical Characteristics”. We reviewed and documented the information obtained from literature on epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical appearances of SARS-CoV-2 infection.RESULTS: The global cases of COVID-19 as of April 2, 2020 have risen to more than 900,000 and morbidity has reached more than 47,000. The incidence rate for COVID-19 has been predicted to be higher than the previous outbreaks of other coronavirus family members, including those of SARS-CoV and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The main clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection ranges from asymptomatic stages to severe lower respiratory infection in the form of pneumonia. Most of the patients also presented with fever, cough, sore throat, headache, fatigue, myalgia and breathlessness.Individuals at higher risk for severe illness include elderly people and patients with a weakened immune system or that are suffering from a underlying chronic medical condition like hypertension, diabetes, cancer, respiratory illness or cardiovascular diseases.CONCLUSIONS: SARS-Cov-2 has emerged as a worldwide threat, currently affecting 170 countries and territories across the globe. There is still much to be understood regarding SARS-CoV-2 about its virology, epidemiology and clinical management strategies; this knowledge will be essential to both manage the current pandemic and to conceive comprehensive measures to prevent such outbreaks in the future.

scholarly journals COVID-19: A Conundrum to Decipher

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishwajit Deshmukh ◽  
Satyendra C. Tripathi ◽  
Arvind Pandey ◽  
Vaishnavi Deshmukh ◽  
Ashlesh Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Medical Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

OBJECTIVE: Recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), another member of coronavirus family is an ongoing worldwide life-threatening crisis. The early diagnosis and management of the disease remains a major challenge. In this review, we aim to summarize the updated epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, as well as prevention and control of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A broad search of the literature was performed in “PubMed” “Medline” “Web of knowledge”, and “Google Scholar” World Health Organization-WHO” using the key words “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus”, “SARS”, “SARS-CoV-2” “Epidemiology” “Transmission” “Pathogenesis” “Clinical Characteristics”. We reviewed and documented the information attained from literature on epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical appearances of SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS: The global cases of COVID-19 till 30th March 2020 have rose more than 700,000 and morbidity has gone more than 37,000. The infection rate for COVID-19 has been predicted to be higher than the previous outbreaks of same family members, that includes the SARS-CoV and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The main clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic stages to severe lower respiratory infection in the form of pneumonia. Most of the patients also presented with fever, cough, sore throat, headache, fatigue, myalgia and breathlessness. High risk includes elderly people and patients with weak immune system or suffering from chronic medical condition like hypertension, diabetes, cancer, respiratory illness and cardiovascular diseases. CONCLUSIONS: SARS-Cov-2 has emerged as a worldwide threat, affecting almost each and every country on globe. As there is still growing understanding of SARS-CoV-2 in relation to its virology, epidemiology and clinical management strategies, we need to learn our lessons to conceive comprehensive measures to prevent such outbreaks in future.

How Can Digital Health Be Best Leveraged to Provide Optimal Support During Pandemics Like the COVID-19 Crisis?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Nilmini Wickramasinghe ◽  
Juergen Seitz
Keyword(s):  
Digital Health ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Wet Market

The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) first identified in Wuhan, China in late December 2019 was identified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020 and has caused tremendous disruption to economies around the world and significant loss of life and serious illness. The current outbreak which has been thought to have originated in an animal wet market in late 2019, being transferred from the horse shoe bat to the pangolin, is well adapted to human cell receptors. This enables it to easily infect people with an R0 of approximately 2.2 causing a respiratory illness (COVID-19) which can develop into pneumonia in moderate to severe cases. Older adults and people with underlying medical conditions are at higher risk. The following outlines a responsible digital health solution.

scholarly journals An evidence-based systematic review on emerging therapeutic and preventive strategies to treat novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) during an outbreak scenario

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupama M. Gudadappanavar ◽  
Jyoti Benni
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Recombinant Vaccines ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Full Length Genome

AbstractA novel coronavirus infection coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged from Wuhan, Hubei Province of China, in December 2019 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is believed to be originated from bats in the local wet markets. Later, animal to human and human-to-human transmission of the virus began and resulting in widespread respiratory illness worldwide to around more than 180 countries. The World Health Organization declared this disease as a pandemic in March 2020. There is no clinically approved antiviral drug or vaccine available to be used against COVID-19. Nevertheless, few broad-spectrum antiviral drugs have been studied against COVID-19 in clinical trials with clinical recovery. In the current review, we summarize the morphology and pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection. A strong rational groundwork was made keeping the focus on current development of therapeutic agents and vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. Among the proposed therapeutic regimen, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, remdisevir, azithromycin, toclizumab and cromostat mesylate have shown promising results, and limited benefit was seen with lopinavir–ritonavir treatment in hospitalized adult patients with severe COVID-19. Early development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine started based on the full-length genome analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Several subunit vaccines, peptides, nucleic acids, plant-derived, recombinant vaccines are under pipeline. This article concludes and highlights ongoing advances in drug repurposing, therapeutics and vaccines to counter COVID-19, which collectively could enable efforts to halt the pandemic virus infection.

scholarly journals General Guidelines in the Management of an Obstetrical Patient on the Labor and Delivery Unit during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (08) ◽  
pp. 829-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela J. Stephens ◽  
John R. Barton ◽  
Nana-Ama Ankumah Bentum ◽  
Sean C. Blackwell ◽  
Baha M. Sibai
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Labor And Delivery ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Obstetrical Patient ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory tract infection that was first identified in China. Since its emergence in December 2019, the virus has rapidly spread, transcending geographic barriers. The World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have declared COVID-19 as a public health crisis. Data regarding COVID-19 in pregnancy is limited, consisting of case reports and small cohort studies. However, obstetric patients are not immune from the current COVID-19 pandemic, and obstetric care will inevitably be impacted by the current epidemic. As such, clinical protocols and practice on labor and delivery units must adapt to optimize the safety of patients and health care workers and to better conserve health care resources. In this commentary, we provide suggestions to meet these goals without impacting maternal or neonatal outcomes. Key Points • Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic.• COVID-19 impacts care of obstetric patients.• Health care should be adapted for the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Twin Mammals and COVID-19: Life and Science of the Suspects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser A. Anjum
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Way

The world is puzzling over the origin of the current outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that is caused by a novel coronavirus-2019 (2019-nCoV). As of 25th March 2020, the World Health Organization has reported 4,14,179 confirmed cases and 18,440 confirmed deaths in total due to COVID-19. To this end, two unique mammals namely bats and pangolins are being investigated for their potential link to COVID-19. However, the evidence so far gathered in this context is far from clear. This paper aimed to: (i) enlighten the major aspects of life of bats and pangolins; (ii) briefly discusses their potential link to COVID-19; and also (iii) to highlight the way forward. The outcomes may contribute to future research on the subject.

scholarly journals Combating the Coronavirus Pandemic: Early Detection, Medical Treatment, and a Concerted Effort by the Global Community

Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zichao Luo ◽  
Melgious Jin Yan Ang ◽  
Siew Yin Chan ◽  
Zhigao Yi ◽  
Yi Yiing Goh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Sudden Loss ◽  
Difficulty Breathing ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus, known as 2019-nCoV, a pandemic, as the coronavirus has now infected over 2.6 million people globally and caused more than 185,000 fatalities as of April 23, 2020. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes a respiratory illness with symptoms such as dry cough, fever, sudden loss of smell, and, in more severe cases, difficulty breathing. To date, there is no specific vaccine or treatment proven effective against this viral disease. Early and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 is thus critical to curbing its spread and improving health outcomes. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is commonly used to detect the presence of COVID-19. Other techniques, such as recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), and microfluidics, have allowed better disease diagnosis. Here, as part of the effort to expand screening capacity, we review advances and challenges in the rapid detection of COVID-19 by targeting nucleic acids, antigens, or antibodies. We also summarize potential treatments and vaccines against COVID-19 and discuss ongoing clinical trials of interventions to reduce viral progression.

COVID-19: Socio-Economic Consequences on the Hospitality Industry in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-52
Author(s):  
Nur Hidayah Che Ahmat ◽  
Syafiqah Rahamat ◽  
Susan Wohlsdorf Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

The novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) first appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province China before emerging in neighbouring countries in early 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic when the spreading of the virus started accelerating in many parts of the world and killing thousands of people. As of 22nd May 2021, there were more than 166 million confirmed cases with more than 147 million recovered and nearly 3.5 million deaths (Worldometers, n.d.). According to the WHO (2020) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020), the virus easily spreads through coughing and sneezing. Therefore, many countries implemented social distancing between individuals and various other restriction orders or recommendations (e.g., stay-at-home policies, closure of non-essential businesses) to help curb virus spread. How governments in each country reacted to control the spread of the virus appeared crucial to mitigate public health and economic impacts. Keywords: Foodservice, Hospitality, Hotel, Malaysia, Pandemic

scholarly journals COVID–19: Guidance Outlines on Infection Prevention and Control for Health Care Workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Suresh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Shiv Mudgal ◽  
Prasan Panda ◽  
Pratima Gupta ◽  
Pradeep Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
The People ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

Coronavirus are a common family of viruses and there are seven different types of coronaviruses including this new member of coronavirus i.e. 2019 novel coronavirus, which can make the people infected and sick. Some strains of this family of virus cause mild to moderate disease symptoms like common cold while other strains cause very severe disease like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).(1,2) In late December, in Wuhan Hubei Province, China a number of people suffered with severe respiratory illness including a cluster of pneumonia cases. On 31 December 2019, China notified the World Health Organization (WHO) about cluster of patient with symptoms of respiratory illness of unknown cause, which were connected to an open seafood and animal market of Wuhan city, China.(3)

scholarly journals A comprehensive review on epidemiology, aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of the novel coronavirus syndrome – COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-123
Author(s):  
Kulvinder Kochar Kaur ◽  
◽  
Gautam Allahbadia ◽  
Mandeep Singh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

Since the outbreak of the novel Coronavirus in December 2019 in Wuhan China, this novel Coronavirus disease(COVID-19) has spread worldwide taking not only epidemic proportions but with its rapid spread world health organization(WHO) was forced to declare it as a pandemic. The Severe Acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-Coronavirus (CoV2) virus is responsible for clusters of severe respiratory illness that simulates acute respiratory syndrome that was what was initially. It is thought although that it is equivalent to the high altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE), showing glass ground opacities in lungs. More experience is getting acquired with changes in treatment approaches from PEEP to avoid intubation and just ensure oxygen levels maintained. Human to human transmission through droplets, contaminated hands as well as surfaces, has been revealed with an incubation period varying from 2-14 days. Early diagnosis using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or computed tomography (CT) scan chest, quarantine, as well as supportive treatment are necessary for getting a cure. In this review we have tried to analyze the epidemiology, diagnosis, isolation, and treatment, including antiviral drugs like remdesivir, favipiravir, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids, antibiotics, and ivermectin. With 3 successful cases of convalescent plasma achieved in USA, trials going on in India along with vaccines are also detailed in this article.

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