Chemical Characterization and In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Caralluma europaea Essential Oil and Its Synergistic Potential with Conventional Antibiotics

Aim: This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil from the aerial part of Caralluma europaea and to evaluate the synergistic potential between essential oil and antibiotics. Methodology: The chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities and synergetic interaction between antimicrobial agents and essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation from the aerial part of C. europaea were evaluated. The chemical composition was analyzed by a Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) system. Antioxidant activity was measured employing three methods: scavenging of free radical DPPH, reducing power assay and the inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation. The antimicrobial activity of essential oil against microbial strains was qualitatively and quantitatively assessed by the presence or absence of inhibition zones diameters, and MIC values. The in vitro association between essential oil and some commercial antibiotics was also investigated. Results: The GC/MS analysis shows that a total of 21 constituents were identified and the main compounds were Terpinolene (19.5%), α-Terpinene (16.2%) and Linalool (15.3%). Antioxidant study showed that essential oil exhibited antioxidant activity with IC50 values ranging from 0.32 mg/ml to 1.45 mg/ml. The results of antimicrobial activity showed that the essential oil had an inhibitory effect against the majority of tested microorganisms except K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa. Gram-positive bacteria were found to be more sensitive than Gram-negative ones. Furthermore, essential oil approved an interesting antifungal activity against yeast species. Out of 25 combinations tested 64% showed total synergism, 20% had a partial synergistic interaction and 16% showed no effect. The best synergistic effect was obtained with the combination essential oil-gentamycin. Conclusion: Our results are of a great importance and suggest that C. europaea essential oil contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties with possible applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

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In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil Extracted from Leaves of Leoheo domatiophorus Chaowasku, D.T. Ngo and H.T. Le in Vietnam

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9040453 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 453 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Nhan Trong Le ◽

Duc Viet Ho ◽

Tuan Quoc Doan ◽

Anh Tuan Le ◽

Ain Raal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Antiviral Effects ◽

Scientific Report ◽

Main Components ◽

Hiv 1

The present study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of leaves-extracted essential oil of Leoheo domatiophorus Chaowasku, D.T. Ngo and H.T. Le (L. domatiophorus), including antibacterial, antimycotic, antitrichomonas and antiviral effects. The essential oil was obtained using hydrodistillation, with an average yield of 0.34 ± 0.01% (v/w, dry leaves). There were 52 constituents as identified by GC/MS with available authentic standards, representing 96.74% of the entire leaves oil. The essential oil was comprised of three main components, namely viridiflorene (16.47%), (-)-δ-cadinene (15.58%) and γ-muurolene (8.00%). The oil showed good antimicrobial activities against several species: Gram-positive strains: Staphylococcus aureus (two strains) and Enterococcus faecalis, with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Lethal Concentration (MLC) values from 0.25 to 1% (v/v); Gram-negative strains such as Escherichia coli (two strains), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (two strains) and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with MIC and MLC values between 2% and 8% (v/v); and finally Candida species, having MIC and MLC between 0.12 and 4% (v/v).Antitrichomonas activity of the oil was also undertaken, showing IC50, IC90 and MLC values of 0.008%, 0.016% and 0.03% (v/v), respectively, after 48h of incubation. The essential oil resultedin being completely ineffective against tested viruses, ssRNA+ (HIV-1, YFV, BVDV, Sb-1, CV-B4), ssRNA- (hRSVA2, VSV), dsRNA (Reo-1), and dsDNA (HSV-1, VV) viruses with EC50 values over 100 µg/mL. This is the first, yet comprehensive, scientific report about the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of the essential oil in L. domatiophorus.

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Screening of antimicrobial activity of essential oil and methanol extract of Satureja hortensis on foodborne bacteria and fungi

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/753-cjfs ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 25 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 81-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

A. Adiguzel ◽

H. Ozer ◽

H. Kilic ◽

B. Cetin

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Satureja Hortensis ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

The present work reports the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and methanol extract from Satureja hortensis as well as the content of its essential oil. The chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oil of Satureja hortensis was analysed by means of GC-MS. Thirty constituents were identified. The main constituents of the oil were thymol (40.54%), γ-terpinene (18.56%), carvacrol (13.98%), and p-cymene (8.97). The essential oil of Satureja hortensis exhibited the activity against 25 bacteria, 8 fungi, and a yeast, C. albicans; exerting the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration values (MIC) ranging from 15.62 to 250 µl/ml. Similarly, methanol extract of the plant also showed antimicrobial activity.

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Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil of Thymus algeriensis wild-growing in Libya

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.2478/s11535-013-0150-0 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 504-511 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Abdulhmid Giweli ◽

Ana Džamić ◽

Marina Soković ◽

Mihailo Ristić ◽

Petar Marin

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Practical Application ◽

Dpph Assay ◽

High Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Thymus Algeriensis ◽

Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

AbstractThe composition of essential oil isolated from Thymus algeriensis growing wild in Libya was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The essential oil was characterized with thymol (38.50%) as the major component. The oil was screened for antioxidant activity using DPPH assay, and compared to thymol and carvacrol. Antioxidant activity was high, with the IC50 of 0.299 mg/ml, compared to 0.403 and 0.105 mg/ml for thymol and carvacrol, and 0.0717 mg/ml for BHA. In addition, antimicrobial activity was tested against eight bacteria and eight fungi. T. algeriensis oil showed inhibitory activity against tested bacteria at 0.001–0.05 mg/ml, while bactericidal activity (MBC) was achieved at 0.0025–0.05 mg/ml. For antifungal activity MICs ranged 0.0005–0.025 mg/ml and MFC 0.001–0.05 mg/ml. High antimicrobial activity against the fungi in particular suggests that the essential oil of Thymus algeriensis could have a useful practical application.

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Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of aqueous and methanolic extract of Rosmarinus eriocalyx Jord. & Fourr.

International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences ◽

10.4314/ijbcs.v14i1.21 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 254-262

Author(s):

Nouioua Wafa ◽

Gaamoune Sofiane

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Stabilization Method ◽

Membrane Stabilization ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Rosmarinus eriocalyx Jord. & Fourr is a well-known aromatic and medicinal plant whose consumption serves to remedy a number of disorders, evergreen bush endemic to Algeria. The present study aimed it investigating the in-vitro anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial for two extracts of Rosmarinus eriocalyx. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and the reducing power essay, anti-inflammatory activity with the Human Red Blood Cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization method. However, the antimicrobial activity was tested with three bacterial strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633. The results show an excellent antioxidant and an interesting inflammatory activities but a weak power against the used strains therefore. © 2020 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved. Keywords: Rosmarinus eriocalyx Jord. & Fourr, DPPH, reducing power, HRBC, antimicrobial

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Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Satureja horvatii Silic (Lamiaceae)

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc0807703l ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 73 (7) ◽

pp. 703-711 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Branislava Lakusic ◽

Mihailo Ristic ◽

Violeta Slavkovska ◽

Jelena Antic-Stankovic ◽

Marina Milenkovic

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Micrococcus Luteus ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Maximum Activity ◽

Moderate Activity ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Weak Activity

The present paper describes the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of the endemic species Satureja horvatii Silic, collected in Montenegro. The essential oil was obtained from the aerial parts of the plant by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. From the 34 compounds representing 100 % of the oil, the major compound was the phenolic monoterpene thymol (63.37 %). The oil contained smaller amounts of g-terpinene (7.49 %), carvacrol methyl ether (4.92 %), carvacrol (4.67 %), p-cymene (4.52%), a-terpinene (1.81 %), borneol (1.58 %), a-thujene (1.56 %), b-caryophyllene (1.55 %) and b-myrcene (1.44 %). The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of S. horvatii was evaluated using the agar diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The essential oil exhibited antimicrobial activity to varying degrees against all the tested strains. The maximum activity of S. horvatii oil was observed against Gram-positive bacteria (Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and against the yeast (Candida albicans). The oil exhibited moderate activity against the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae and weak activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study confirms that the essential oil of S. horvatii possesses antimicrobial activities in vitro against medically important pathogens.

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Chemical Composition and In Vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Marrubium vulgare L.

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2021/7011493 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Ibrahim Mssillou ◽

Abdelkrim Agour ◽

Noureddine Hamamouch ◽

Badiaa Lyoussi ◽

Elhoussine Derwich

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Marrubium Vulgare ◽

Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

In this study, the polyphenol content and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of hydroethanolic (MVE) and hydroacetonic (MVA) leaf extracts of Marrubium vulgare L. were examined. The results indicated that the total phenolic content was higher in MVA (112.09 ± 4.77 mg GAE/DW) compared to MVE extract (98.77 ± 1.68 mg GAE/DW). The total flavonoid content was also higher in MVA extract (21.08 ± 0.38 mg QE/g DW) compared to MVE (17.65 ± 0.73 mg QE/g DW). Analysis of the chemical composition revealed the presence of 13 compounds with a total of 96.14%, with the major compound being malic acid (22.57%). Both extracts possess a good total antioxidant activity. DPPH and FRAP assays indicated that the MVE extract possesses a better antioxidant activity, with IC50 = 52.04 µg/mL ± 0.2 and EC50 of 4.51 ± 0.5 mg/mL, compared to MVA extract (IC50 = 60.57 ± 0.6 µg/mL and EC50 of 6.43 ± 0.0411 mg/mL). Moreover, both extracts exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against certain nosocomial strains as indicted by the MIC values, which ranged between 0.93 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL. Taken together, these results reveal the importance of M. vulgare as a natural antioxidant with important antimicrobial activity.

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Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils of endemic Thymus leucostomus Hausskn. et Velen

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v49i4.52505 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 957-965

Author(s):

Omer Elkiran ◽

Cumhur Avsar

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

The chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the essential oils from the leaves of endemic Thymus leucostomus naturally grown in Turkey were investigated and chemical differences were discussed by means of chemotaxonomy. Twenty-six components were identified representing 98.8% of the oils. The main compounds in the essential oil of T. leucostomus were: o-cymene (30.6%), carvacrol (9.6%), thymol methyl ether (7.2%), limonene (6.8%). Essential oil was screened for their antimicrobial activities against 7 bacteria and 2 yeast species by using disc-diffusion and MIC procedure. The essential oil showed higher effectiveness against all the tested bacteria and yeast. The extract was observed to be much more effective in Gram-positive bacteria (especially, S. aureus ATCC 6538). In vitro antioxidant activity based on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical was evaluated for the essential oil, and it was found that the essential oil had good antioxidant activity in the range of the IC50= 5.42 ±0.8 μg/ml.

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Chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oil from the leaves of Vaccinium myrtillus L.

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v49i1.49098 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 91-96

Author(s):

Omer Elkiran ◽

Cumhur Avşar

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Vaccinium Myrtillus ◽

First Time

The chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the essential oil (EO), obtained from the leaves of Vaccinium myrtillus naturally grown in the northernmost of Turkey were determined by GC and GC-MS and chemical differences were discussed with the help of chemotaxonomy. The leaves of the plant samples were hydro-distilled to produce oil in the yields of 1%. Nineteen components were identified representing 96.4% of the oil. The main compounds in the EO of V. myrtillus were; 1,8-cineole (38.6%), α- pinene (21%), linalool (19.5%), α-terpineol (5.8%). The EO extract was screened for their antimicrobial activities against the 9 bacteria and 3 yeast species by using disc-diffusion and MIC procedure. The EO extract displayed more effective against all the tested bacteria (especially, S. aureus ATCC 6538 and MRSA) and yeast (only C. krusei). The MIC values of sample against tested microorganisms were found to be in the range of 320 to ≥1280 μg/ml. The most effective MIC values were observed against the S. aureus and MRSA (320 μg/ml). In vitro the antioxidant activity based on the 1,1-diphenly-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical was evaluated for the EO extract, and it was found that the extract had good antioxidant activity in the range of the IC50 = 583.4 ±11 μg ml. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the EO from the leaves of V. myrtillus has been reported for the first time.

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Chemical Composition, In Vitro and In Silico Antioxidant Potential of Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis Essential Oil

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10071081 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1081

Author(s):

Matilda Rădulescu ◽

Călin Jianu ◽

Alexandra Teodora Lukinich-Gruia ◽

Marius Mioc ◽

Alexandra Mioc ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

In Silico ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Melissa Officinalis ◽

Β Carotene

The investigation aimed to study the in vitro and in silico antioxidant properties of Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis essential oil (MOEO). The chemical composition of MOEO was determined using GC–MS analysis. Among 36 compounds identified in MOEO, the main were beta-cubebene (27.66%), beta-caryophyllene (27.41%), alpha-cadinene (4.72%), caryophyllene oxide (4.09%), and alpha-cadinol (4.07%), respectively. In vitro antioxidant properties of MOEO have been studied in 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging, and inhibition of β-carotene bleaching assays. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for the radical scavenging abilities of ABTS and DPPH were 1.225 ± 0.011 μg/mL and 14.015 ± 0.027 μg/mL, respectively, demonstrating good antioxidant activity. Moreover, MOEO exhibited a strong inhibitory effect (94.031 ± 0.082%) in the β-carotene bleaching assay by neutralizing hydroperoxides, responsible for the oxidation of highly unsaturated β-carotene. Furthermore, molecular docking showed that the MOEO components could exert an in vitro antioxidant activity through xanthine oxidoreductase inhibition. The most active structures are minor MOEO components (approximately 6%), among which the highest affinity for the target protein belongs to carvacrol.

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Evaluation of Vegetative Growth, Chemical Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Essential Oil of Peppermint Under Water Regimes

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n4p197 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 197

Author(s):

Diogo Mendes da Silva ◽

Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci ◽

Smail Aazza ◽

Alexandre Alves de Carvalho ◽

Simony Carvalho Mendonça ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Water Stress ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Water Availability ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Mentha Piperita

The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the vegetative growth of Mentha piperita L. cultivated under different water availability, as well its influence in content, chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of its essential oil. Plants were propagated by mother plants microcutting and scions were transplanted to 5 L pots with soil and cattle manure. Afterward, were kept at field capacity for 30 days and under treatment for 40 days. It was treated with different levels of water deficit treatments: (T1): 100 of field capacity (FC); (T2): 80 of FC; (T3): 60 of FC; (T4) 40 of FC with 5 blocks. Vegetative growth was evaluated by dry matter contents of all part of plants and by root/aerial rate. The essential oil of the leaves was extracted by hydrodistillation, analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS and in vitro antioxidant potential was evaluated. A significant decrease in the dry matter of leaves and stems accompanied with a decrease in the roots dry matter was observed with an increase in the water stress. Quantitative chemical differences were observed in the chemical composition of the essential oil, according water availability. Total antioxidant activity showed a gradual increase as water stress progressed.

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