scholarly journals Disruption of Ovarian Utilisation of Proteins by Tetrapleuratetraptera Fruit Extract Impairs Estrous Cycle and Ovarian Functions in Female Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ologhaguo Macstephen Adienbo ◽  
Ogechi Stephanie Ezeala
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation

Aim: Reports that some phytochemicals interfere with reproductive functions, in both humans and animals necessitated this study which is aimed at determining the effects of fruit extract of Tetrapleuratetrapteraon oestrous cycle and ovarian functions in females. Methods: Adult female wistar rats weighing 160-180 g with regular 4-5 days oestrus cycle were selected into 4 groups of 6 animals each. Group 1 (control) administered 1ml distilled water; groups II, III and IV were daily treated with the extract at doses 75 mg/kg, 150mg/kg and 300 mg/kg body weight respectively, orally for 21 days. Microscopic evaluation of vaginal smear was done daily to determine the various stages of the estrous cycle, their duration, as well as the estrous cycle length. After 24 hours of last administration, each rat was weighed, sacrificed, and right ovary was homogenised and the homogenate used for analyses of total protein content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, according to standard protocols. Results: There was significant (P < 0.05) increase in duration of diestrus phase and estrous cycle length in all the extract-treated groups, compared to control animals. Also, there was relative reductions in the duration for proestrus (p<0.05), estrus (p<0.05) and metestrus (p<0) phases of the cycle, with a relative increase in duration for diestrus phase (p<0.05) in animals treated with 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg body weight respectively. In addition, a significant (P < 0.05) increase was observed in ovarian Protein, and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity; as well as significant (P < 0.05) reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) level and in weight gain in the test animals, compared to the control. Conclusion:Tetrapleuratetrapterafruit extract disrupts ovarian utilisation of proteins in the ovaries, thereby impairing oestrous cyclicity, and body weight. These could result to infertility.

scholarly journals Determination of the estrous cycle phases of rats: some helpful considerations

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (4a) ◽  
pp. 609-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. K. MARCONDES ◽  
F. J. BIANCHI ◽  
A. P. TANNO
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Short Length ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Vaginal Secretion ◽  
Cellular Types

The short length of the estrous cycle of rats makes them ideal for investigation of changes occurring during the reproductive cycle. The estrous cycle lasts four days and is characterized as: proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus, which may be determined according to the cell types observed in the vaginal smear. Since the collection of vaginal secretion and the use of stained material generally takes some time, the aim of the present work was to provide researchers with some helpful considerations about the determination of the rat estrous cycle phases in a fast and practical way. Vaginal secretion of thirty female rats was collected every morning during a month and unstained native material was observed using the microscope without the aid of the condenser lens. Using the 10 x objective lens, it was easier to analyze the proportion among the three cellular types, which are present in the vaginal smear. Using the 40 x objective lens, it is easier to recognize each one of these cellular types. The collection of vaginal lavage from the animals, the observation of the material, in the microscope, and the determination of the estrous cycle phase of all the thirty female rats took 15-20 minutes.

scholarly journals The Effects of Buckwheat Leaf and Flower Extracts on Antioxidant Status in Mouse Organs

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Sadauskiene ◽  
Arunas Liekis ◽  
Rasa Bernotiene ◽  
Jurgita Sulinskiene ◽  
Arturas Kasauskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
The Brain

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of the extracts of buckwheat leaf and flower on the antioxidant status of the brain and liver tissue. The administration of buckwheat extracts (both concentrations were 10%) to mice (at the dose 10 mL/kg of body weight) for 21 days significantly decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reduced the amount of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the mouse brain, while catalase (CAT) activity significantly increased. In the mouse liver, the amount of GSH and activity of SOD increased, while the CAT activity after administering buckwheat leaf and flower extracts was lower in experimental mice than in the control group. However, the administration of 10% ethanol (for 21 days) to control animals also had a significant effect on the antioxidant system in brain and liver cells. Experimental animals demonstrated rather marked changes in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT in their liver and brain cells, and changes in the levels of GSH and MDA were observed when compared with the control group.

scholarly journals Regulation of serum leptin levels by gonadal function in rats

1999 ◽  
pp. 468-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Pinilla ◽  
LM Seoane ◽  
L Gonzalez ◽  
E Carro ◽  
E Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
External Diameter ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Serum Leptin

The aim of this study was to investigate the regulation of serum leptin levels by gender and gonadal steroid milieu. Thus, we measured serum leptin levels by radioimmunoassay in (a) intact male and female rats, (b) female rats at different stages of the estrous cycle and (c) ovariectomized or orchidectomized rats. Gonadectomized groups were or were not implanted with silastic capsules (10 or 30 mm in length, 1.519mm internal diameter; 3.06 mm external diameter) containing estradiol or testosterone and decapitated two weeks later. We found (i) intact female rats weighing 50 g, 250 g and 300 g exhibited higher serum leptin concentrations than intact male rats of similar body weight; (ii) leptin concentrations were not affected by the phase of the estrous cycle; (iii) two weeks after gonadectomy serum leptin concentrations increased in both male (from 4.47+/-1.87 to 8.76+/-1.24 ng/ml) and female (from 1.97+/-0.46 to 5.29+/-0.51 ng/ml) rats. The ovariectomy-induced increase in serum leptin levels was not dependent, at least completely, on changes in body weight since it could be observed when comparisons were made between ovariectomized rats and intact rats in estrus matched for body weight. In contrast the effect of orchidectomy on serum leptin levels appears to be dependent on changes in body weight since it was no longer observed when comparisons were made with a group of intact male rats matched for body weight. In conclusion, these results suggest that serum leptin concentrations are controlled by gonadal function either directly or as a consequence of changes in body weight.

scholarly journals Pengendalian Folikulogenesis Ovarium dengan Pemberian Ekstrak Biji Kapas

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Siska Adelya Ramadhani ◽  
Iman Supriatna ◽  
Ni Wayan Kurniani Karja ◽  
Adi Winarto
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Cotton Seed ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Giemsa Staining ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Dose Treatment ◽  
Female Mice

Gosipol is a substances contained in extracted cotton seed which is thought to have the antifertility ability therefore it is often used as a herbal contraceptive. The aim of this study were to assess the folliculogenesis in mice after administrated with cottonseed extract. 60 female mice strain DDY which was 14-15 weeks old and 30-35 g body weight were divided into five groups and given cottonseed extract each 0; 1,5; 2,1 and 2,7 g/kg BW for 5, 10, 15, 24, and 24 + 10 days (without cottonseed treatment). At the end of the treatment period, mice was euthanasia to observe follicular development histomorphology (each three mice of each treatment). Mice estrous status were evaluated based on the description of the vaginal smear cells with Giemsa staining. The results showedthat the number of developing follicles was low (P < 0.05) compared with control after 5 days cottonseed extract administration at dose 2,7 g/kg BW that were 23 ± 3,6. At dose 1,5 and 2,1 g/kg BW the number of follicles was low after 24 days that were 25 ± 10,4 and 27 ± 3,5. Recovery effects of follicle number after cottonseed extract administration for 24 days was the best at a dose of 1,5 g/kg BW. Prolonge of estrous cycle occured in mice which were administrated the cottonseed extract of at all dose treatment. In conclusion, although the decrease in the number of developing follicles and prolonge of estrous cycles occurred after cottonseed extract administration, but these effects are reversible after the administration ended.

scholarly journals The effect of curcumin on lipid peroxidation and selected antioxidants in irradiated rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehtap Ozcelik ◽  
Mine Erişir ◽  
Osman Guler ◽  
Murat Baykara ◽  
Esra Kirman
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Irradiation Group ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The effect of irradiation on oxidants and antioxidants in selected tissues and a possible protective effect of curcumin on these indices were investigated. A total of 28 rats were divided into 3 groups; group 1 was control; group 2 was the irradiation group, saline was administered intraperiotenally (i.p.) for three days and then, 9 Gy gamma irradiation was applied; group 3 was the irradiation + curcumin group: curcumin was given i.p. for three days at 200 mg/kg body weight and then the same dose of irradiation was applied. A significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) was detected in the liver, kidney, and brain tissues of the rats as a result of irradiation (P< 0.01). Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in all the tissues (except for kidneys) decreased (P< 0.01), liver SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity decreased (P< 0.05), and GSH (glutathione) levels in kidney and ovary tissues (P< 0.001) significantly increased. While curcumin administration returned the increased MDA levels in the kidneys and brain in result of irradiation to normal (P< 0.01), it did not return the increased MDA levels in the liver tissue to normal (P< 0.001) despite significantly reducing them. While decreased GSH-Px and SOD activity in the liver in result of irradiation increased with the addition of curcumin (P< 0.05), increased GSH levels in the kidneys and ovaries returned to control levels (P< 0.001). When MDA values were examined, it was found that the addition of curcumin protected the liver, kidneys and brain from the oxidative damage caused by irradiation.

scholarly journals SUPLEMENTASI KELAPA KOPYOR TERHADAP AKTIVITAS SUPEROKSIDA DISMUTASE DAN PATOLOGI ANATOMI HATI TIKUS AKIBAT PERLAKUAN PARASETAMOL

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Akhmad Endang Zainal Hasan ◽  
Hasim Hasim ◽  
Agus Setiyono ◽  
Sekar Winahyu Ariadini
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Better Than

This research aimed at determining of the effects of the induction of paracetamoland kopyor coconut on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and pathologicanatomy of rats liver. Previous research shows that paracetamol caused negative effectto the body while kopyor coconut has the ability to improve human health, related to itscapacity to prevent oxidative damage of human body. In this research, the positiveeffect of kopyor is approached through measurement of body weight and the activity ofthe total SOD enzyme of animals tested, which are induced by paracetamol and fed withkopyor. Rats administered with temulawak were positive control. The result showedthat paracetamol treatment using toxic dose was found to reduce body weight of testedanimals. Meanwhile, both kopyor and temulawak supplements were able to counter thenegative effect of paracetamol, indicated by the increase in the body weight of testedanimals. Other results showed that treatments with temulawak and 5 times-dose ofkopyor supplement demonstrated a significantly high total SOD activity in the liver ascompared to negative control. Furthermore, pathologic observation of the testedanimals liver showed that 5 time-dose of kopyor treatment was confirmed to improve the recovery of the liver caused by negative effect of paracetamol, better than the negative control.Key words: kopyor coconut, superoxide dismutase, free radical, pathologic

CHARACTERISTICS OF REDOX STATUS IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES MELLITUS, GUERIN'S CARCINOMA AND ASSOCIATED PATHOLOGY

2021 ◽  
pp. 153-167
Author(s):  
I.A. Goroshinskaya ◽  
E.M. Frantsiyants ◽  
I.V. Kaplieva ◽  
L.A. Nemashkalova ◽  
L.K. Trepitaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Guerin’S Carcinoma

Taking into account cancer and diabetes comorbidity, the role of free radicals in these conditions and the dependence of pathological processes on the gender of animals, the aim of the study was to examine lipid peroxidation (LPO) intensity and the activity of the key antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the heart, kidneys, liver, and in tumors of male and female rats with diabetes mellitus (DM), Guerin's carcinoma (GC) or both diseases. Materials and Methods. The study included 80 white nonlinear male and female rats (180–220 g). The animals were divided into 4 groups, each group included 10 animals (either male or female). At the time of GC inoculation, the blood glucose level in animals with alloxan diabetes was 25.4±1.2 mmol/L. The authors used conventional spectrophotometric methods to examine the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), diene conjugates (DC), and SOD activity. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical analysis software Statistica 10.0. Results. The most pronounced changes in the studied parameters were found in the heart of female rats with isolated GC and associated diabetes mellitus: more than a threefold increase in MDA, a significant increase in DC against the background of an increase in SOD activity (by 5.5–6.3 times in comparison to intact animals). The amount of MDA in GC tissue depended on the tumor size: the maximum increase in both parameters was observed in male rats with GC growth and associated DM. Conclusion. The changes in the content of LPO products and SOD activity in the heart, kidneys, and liver of rats with diabetes mellitus and tumor growth depend on the type of the examined tissue and the gender of the animals. Disorders of the redox status found in the heart tissue can make a significant contribution to cardiopathology, which is often observed in diabetes mellitus and malignant tumor growth. Key words: diabetes mellitus, Guerin's carcinoma, rats, combined pathology, heart, kidneys, liver, malondialdehyde, diene conjugates, superoxide dismutase. Учитывая коморбидность рака и диабета, роль свободнорадикальных процессов при этих состояниях и зависимость течения патологических процессов от пола животных, целью исследования явилось изучение интенсивности перекисного окисления липидов (ПОЛ) и активности ключевого антиоксидантного фермента супероксиддисмутазы (СОД) в сердце, почках, печени, а также в опухоли крыс разного пола при сахарном диабете (СД), карциноме Герена (КГ) и при их сочетании. Материалы и методы. В исследование были включены 80 белых нелинейных крыс обоего пола массой 180–220 г, разделенных на 4 группы по 10 животных каждого пола. На момент перевивки КГ уровень глюкозы в крови животных с аллоксановым СД составил 25,4±1,2 ммоль/л. Содержание малонового диальдегида (МДА), диеновых конъюгатов (ДК) и активность СОД исследованы общепринятыми спектрофотометрическими методами. Статистический анализ проведен с использованием программы Statistica 10.0. Результаты. Наиболее выраженные изменения изученных показателей выявлены в сердце самок при изолированной КГ и КГ, растущей на фоне СД: более чем трехкратное увеличение МДА, значимый прирост ДК на фоне повышения активности СОД в 5,5–6,3 раза относительно интактных животных. В ткани КГ прослеживалась зависимость степени выраженности увеличения содержания МДА от размеров опухоли: максимальное увеличение обоих показателей наблюдалось у самцов при росте КГ на фоне СД. Выводы. Направленность изменения содержания продуктов ПОЛ и активности СОД в сердце, почках и печени крыс при СД и опухолевом росте зависит от типа исследованной ткани и пола животных. Обнаруженные в ткани сердца нарушения редокс-статуса могут вносить значимый вклад в развитие кардиопатологии, часто наблюдаемой при СД и злокачественном росте. Ключевые слова: сахарный диабет, карцинома Герена, крысы, сочетанная патология, сердце, почки, печень, малоновый диальдегид, диеновые конъюгаты, супероксиддисмутаза.

scholarly journals ACTIVITY OF SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE, GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE, GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE IN ERYTHROCYTES OF UNTRAINED RATS IN “TO-MUSCULAR-FAILURE” SWIMMING TEST

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
V.D. Shadrina ◽  
N.A. Vakhnina ◽  
E.R. Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Physical Load ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Load Testing ◽  
Oxygen Intermediates ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

For an untrained organism, physical activity is physiologically stressful. The stress is accompanied by an increase in reactive oxygen intermediates. Their level in the cell is regulated by antioxidant enzymes. The aim of the paper to study the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GP) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-FDH) in erythrocytes under single physical load (FL) of different intensity. Materials and Methods. The authors tested male Wistar rats aged 3 months. The animals were divided into seven groups: vivarium control (VC); rats who were swimming for 60 minutes without added weight (moderate intensity load (MIL)); four groups participating in load-testing: low-intensity FL (LI) – swimming with a load of 2 % of body weight; high-intensity FL (HI) - swimming with a load of 8 %, 10 % and 15 % of body weight (HI8, HI10, HI15). Animals of the seventh group (OS) were in the shallows for 60 min without the opportunity to swim in order to induce oxidative stress without physical load. Results. In all groups, the authors observed a significant decrease in SOD activity and a significant increase in GP and G-6-FDH activity relative to VC. The greatest decrease in SOD activity was in the OS and MIL groups (by 36 % and 33.5 %, p<0.01). During load testing, MIL group demonstarted a decrease in SOD activity by 29 % (p<0.01), in HI groups - by 25%, 26% and 22 %, respectively (p<0.05). GP and G-6-FDH activity increased in all experimental groups (p<0.05), GP activity increased in OS group by 78 %, G-6-FDH activity increased in OS and MIL groups by 160 %. Conclusion. When exposed to a single physical load of varying intensity, there was a decrease in SOD activity and an increase in GP and G-6-FDH activity relative to control. There were no differences in SOD and G-6-FDH activity between groups of swimming rats. There was a tendency to GP activity increase depending on the load intensity. Keywords: superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, erythrocytes, physical load. Для нетренированного организма физическая нагрузка – это физиологический стресс, сопровождающийся увеличением активных форм кислорода, уровень которых в клетке регулируется ферментами – антиоксидантами. Цель – исследование активности супероксиддисмутазы (СОД), глутатионпероксидазы (ГП) и глюкозо-6-фосфатдегидрогеназы (Г-6-ФДГ) эритроцитов при воздействии однократной физической нагрузкой (ФН) разной интенсивности. Материалы и методы. Работа выполнена на трехмесячных самцах крыс линии Wistar. Животные разделены на семь групп: виварный контроль (ВК); плававшие 60 мин без дополнительного веса (нагрузка умеренной интенсивности (УН)); четыре группы участвующих в нагрузочном тестировании: низко интенсивная ФН (НИ) – плавание с грузом 2 % от массы тела, высоко интенсивная (ВИ) – плавание с грузом 8, 10 и 15 % от массы тела (ВИ8, ВИ10, ВИ15). Животные седьмой группы (ОС) в течение 60 мин находились на мелководье без возможности плавать, чтобы вызвать окислительный стресс без физической нагрузки. Результаты. Во всех группах наблюдалось значимое снижение активности СОД и значимое повышение активности ГП и Г-6-ФДГ относительно ВК. Наибольшее снижение активности СОД показано в группах ОС и УН (на 36 и 33,5 %, p<0,01). При нагрузочном тестировании в группе УН отмечалось снижение активности СОД на 29 % (p<0,01), в группах ВИ – на 25, 26 и 22 % соответственно (p<0,05). Активность ГП и Г-6-ФДГ повышена во всех экспериментальных группах (p<0,05), активность ГП повышена в группе ОС на 78 %, Г-6-ФДГ – в группах ОС и УН на 160 %. Выводы. При воздействии однократной физической нагрузкой разной интенсивности наблюдается снижение активности СОД и повышение активности ГП, Г-6-ФДГ относительно контроля. Не выявлены различия активности СОД и Г-6-ФДГ между группами плававших крыс; показана тенденция к повышению активности ГП в зависимости от интенсивности нагрузки. Ключевые слова: супероксиддисмутаза, глутатионпероксидаза, глюкозо-6-фосфатдегидрогеназа, эритроциты, физическая нагрузка.

Correlation of Vaginal Smears and Surface Structure in the Normal Estrous Cycle of Rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 654-655
Author(s):  
Kaufmann Robert C. ◽  
Khosho Francis K. ◽  
Amankwah Kofi S.
Keyword(s):  
Surface Structure ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Ultrastructural Findings

Few studies regarding the normal estrous cycle of rats exist in the literature. Only the estrous and diestrous portions of the cycle have been studied in any detail in the spontaneous cycle of the rat. Ultrastructural studies of proestrous have been limited to artificially induced cycles. These artificially induced cycles have been unable to account for all the findings on vaginal smears seen in spontaneous cycles. In this study, vaginal smear findings were correlated to surface ultrastructural findings in the four main phases of spontaneous ovulatory cycles in rats.Adult female rats of the Sprague-Dawely strain were used and sacrificed during different phases of their cycles. Daily vaginal smears (8-11 a.m.) of at least two consecutive cycles were used to determine the phase of the normal estrous cycle for each rat.

High fat diet-induced estrus cycle disruption: effects of Ficus asperifolia

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Ngadjui ◽  
Pepin Alango Nkeng-Efouet ◽  
Telesphore Benoit Nguelefack ◽  
Albert Kamanyi ◽  
Pierre Watcho
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Obese Rats

Abstract:: Obesity was reached by feeding female rats with a HFD for 10 weeks. Vaginal smear was observed daily for 3 weeks after animals were obese. Then, 70 animals with abnormal estrus cyclicity were selected and partitioned into two sets of 35 animals. Each set was further divided into seven groups of five rats. These obese rats with disrupted estrus cyclicity were orally administered the aqueous and methanolic extracts (100 and 500 mg/kg), distilled water (10 mL/kg), 5% Tween 80 (10 mL/kg) or lutenyl (0.8 µg/kg) once a day for 1 week (set I) or 4 weeks (set II). Estrus cyclicity, body weight gain, hematocrit, lipid profile, ovarian, uterine and hepatic growth indices were determined at the end of each treatment.: HFD increased the body weight of the animals by 27% and disrupted the estrus cyclicity by 98.44%. Aqueous extract (100 mg/kg) of: Our data support the anecdotal claims of

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