Infertility and Depression: Frequency of Depression in Infertile Males

Background: There is increasing concern that the depression may be associated with infertility. Objective: The current research was aimed to explore the frequency of depression in infertile males. Study Design: This was a cross sectional study. Duration: March 2016 to September 2018. Place: Department of Medicine, PUMHS Nawabshah, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: A total of 385 infertile male subjects who reported for the semen analysis at young age group were included in the study. Depression was assessed by using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Data was collected via self-made proforma and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 385 infertile males were studied. Mean age of individuals was 30.28+6.18 years. Mild depression was found in 34.8% patients, moderate depression was seen in 18.2% patients, severe depression was in 8.1% patients and very severe depression was in 9(2.3%) patients. Moderate and severe depression was higher in cases of Oligospermia and Azoospermia as compared to those having normal sperm count, while results were statistically insignificant (p=0.747). Conclusions: In the observation of this study, there was a significant relationship between infertility and depression in infertile males. Depression was found in 64.6% of infertile males, ranging from mild to very severe levels.

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Prevalence and determinants of depression in females with primary infertility.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.03.4731 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (03) ◽

pp. 372-376

Author(s):

Sundus Fatima ◽

Zaidan Idrees Choudhary ◽

Nariman Haider ◽

Fareed Aslam Minhas ◽

Sadia Yasir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Psychological Intervention ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Clinical Information ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Primary Infertility

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of depression in females with primary infertility at a tertiary care hospital in Rawalpindi and identify the factors associated with the condition. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional study. Setting: Infertility Clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gyanecology, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi. Period: February to August 2016. Material & Methods: Females between the ages of 18 and 40 years with primary infertility were included in the study. The presence and severity of depressive symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Socio-demographic details and clinical information was collected on a pre-designed proforma. Results: A total of 102 females were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 31 years with a STD of ± 4.3 years. 78.4% (n=80) patients were suffering from depression on the basis of HAM-D scores. 18 (17.6%) had mild depression, 34 (33.3%) had moderate depression, 20 (19.6%) had severe depression and 8 (7.8%) patients had very severe depression. An analysis of the socio-demographic factors showed that a majority of the females were educated, housewives and living in extended families. The frequency of depression was significantly associated with a low monthly household income (p=0.046). Conclusion: A high proportion of females with primary infertility suffer from depression. Screening for psychiatric illnesses should be part of the standard evaluation of these patients. Early detection and timely psychological intervention can lead to a significant reduction in long-term morbidity.

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PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal ◽

10.51253/pafmj.v71i1.2862 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 206-10

Author(s):

Gulzar ALI ◽

Muhammad Amir ◽

Imran Khan ◽

Nadeem Azam

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Military Hospital ◽

Drug Compliance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Duration Of Hospitalization ◽

Rating Scale Data ◽

Scale Data

Objective: To find the prevalence of depression in admitted patients of pulmonary tuberculosis. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Tuberculosis centre, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi and Medicinedepartment Combined Military Hospital Peshawar, from Dec 2017 to May 2018. Methodology: One hundred and six patients of both genders admitted due to pulmonary tuberculosis for more than 2 weeks were taken into study. Individuals on treatment for depression before diagnosis of tuberculosis on medical records and patients with chronic debilitating diseases liable to depression were excluded. All patients were interviewed and scored on Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Data was noted on especially designed proforma. Statistical analysis was done on SPSS-22. Results: Mean age of the patients was 37.452 ± 9.26 years with range from 20 to 60 years. Mean duration oftuberculosis was 4.283 ± 1.21 months and mean duration of hospitalization was 3.584 ± 0.65 weeks while meanweight was 70.839 ± 8.85 Kg. Majority of the patients were male 54 (50.9%) and married 79 (74.5%). Depressionwas seen in 45 (42.5%) patients. Conclusion: The effects of chronic diseases such as tuberculosis are not only physical but also include mentalhealth dysfunction which can lead to poor drug compliance and ultimately drug resistance. In our studydepression was recorded in 42.5% of patients hospitalized for treatment of tuberculosis. Thus, all admittedpatients of tuberculosis should be screened for depression and managed in collaboration with psychiatrist.Keywords: , ,

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The prevalence of smartphone addiction and its correlation with depression among higher college of technology students, Oman

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20201937 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 1833

Author(s):

Adil M. AL Mahrooqi ◽

Talal A. AL Agbari ◽

Asma S. AL Shidhani

Keyword(s):

Severe Depression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Depression Score ◽

Smartphone Addiction ◽

Short Version ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Technology Students ◽

College Of Technology ◽

Patient Health

Background: The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of smartphone addiction and its correlation with depression among Higher College of Technology students in Oman.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Higher College of Technology, Oman. A self-reported questionnaire was distributed electronically to students between January and February 2017. The questionnaire contained a validated short version of the smartphone addiction scale (SAS-SV) and a validated Arabic version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), along with a single question to self-assess smartphone addiction.Results: With a response rate of 86.2%, a total of 376 students were considered, of whom 34.6% were males and 65.4% were females, with an overall mean age of 20.9 years. This study showed that the prevalence of smartphone addiction in the study population using the SAS-SV was 63.8%; 88.3% of students were using their smartphones for four hours or more per day and 80% had been using smartphones for more than four years. The overall depression rate was 32.2%. As the total depression score increased by 1 point, the smartphone addiction score increased by 0.428 points (p<0.005). The prevalence of smartphone addiction was 54.9% among those who had no depression, 80.3% among those who had mild depression, 75.9% among those who had moderate depression, and 96.2% among those who have severe depression (p<0.005).Conclusions: This study shows high smartphone addiction levels based on SAS-SV scores and found a significant positive correlation between smartphone addiction score and depression scores.

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Mexican pregnant women show higher depression and anxiety with rising age and in the case of being single

Acta medica Lituanica ◽

10.6001/actamedica.v26i4.4208 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 227-236

Author(s):

Irma Visoso Salgado ◽

Jayson Leonel Moncada Mendoza ◽

Hugo Mendieta Zerón

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Psychology Service ◽

First Time ◽

Severe Anxiety

Background. Pregnancy is an important predisposition period to develop anxiety and depression, with a direct impact on the woman’s offspring. The aim of this study was to report the correlation between depression and anxiety in pregnant women and its association with the marital status and age. Materials. A descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient care of the Psychology Service at the “Mónica Pretelini Sáenz” Maternal Perinatal Hospital (HMPMPS), Toluca, Mexico, from June 2012 to March 2019. As routine, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory-Trait (BAIT), were applied to all women seeking attention at the HMPMPS. Only pregnant patients were selected for this study, with the women referred for the first time to the external Psychology Clinic as inclusion criteria. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and the frequency of cases for age, BDI-II, and BAIT were obtained using the IBM SPSS Statistics ® v.23 software. Results. The study included 2947 pregnant patients with a mean age of 28.6 ± 6.9 years. Of these, 2616 (88.8%) presented with mild anxiety, 269 (9.1%) with moderate, and 62 (2.1%) with severe anxiety. On the other hand, 2149 (72.9%) patients presented with minimal depression, 341 (11.6%) mild depression, 268 (9.1%) moderate depression, and 189 (6.4%) had severe depression. The correlations between age and BDI-II was –0.026 (P = 0.152), between age and BAI was –0.038 (P = 0.037), and between BAIT and BDI-II 0.650 (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions. The age group with the highest frequency of depression and anxiety was from 20 to 29 years. The absence of a stable partner represented an important risk factor for anxiety and depression during pregnancy.

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Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure Undergoing Hemodialysis

Journal of Zabol Medical School ◽

10.18502/jzms.v4i1.6754 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elham Shahraki ◽

Mansoor Shakiba ◽

Seyedeh Yasaman Ghasemi-Aliabadi

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Chronic Renal Failure ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

High Level

Background: Chronic renal failure is a disabling condition with multiple complication such as depression and anxiety; they are common in hemodialysis patients and have negatively effect on quality of life. In this study we investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety in Zahedan hemodialysis patients. Methods: A total 200 patients undergoing regular hemodialysis for more than six months included in this descriptive cross-sectional study. After consent The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and anxiety (HAM-D7) in a version translated into and adapted to Persian, were used. Results: The patients median age was (43.06 ± 16.11) years and 38.5% was male. Mild depression was observed in (15) 7.5%, moderate in (81) 40.5% and sever depression in (104) 52% of patients. In this study 19.5% (39) of patients has moderate anxiety and 80.5% (161) patients with sever anxiety. A significant correlation was found between duration of dialysis, older age and depression. But there wasn’t any relationship between age and duration of dialysis with anxiety. Anxiety and depression found without any significant differences in both males and females. Conclusion: We found high level of depression an anxiety in Zahedan hemodialysis patients.

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Estimates and demographic correlates of hoarding disorder in non-clinical sample in Pakistan

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association ◽

10.47391/jpma.750 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Ayesha Inam ◽

Zubaa Akhtar ◽

Aisha Kashif ◽

Hamna Nadeem

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hoarding Disorder ◽

Gender Comparison ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Demographic Correlates ◽

Rating Scale Data

Abstract Objective: To establish sample estimates of hoarding behaviour with demographic correlates in a non-clinical sample. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted in Islamabad, Pakistan, from February to April, 2018, and comprised data collected from Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad and Rawalpindi after approval from the COMSATS University, Islamabad. Data was collected using a self-developed demographic sheet, along with the hoarding rating scale. Data was analysed using SPSS, Version 20. Results: Of the 375 subjects, 118(31.5%) were males and 257(68.5%) were females. The overall mean age was 42.25+/-13.007 years. Mean hoarding rating scale score was 8.34+/-6.69, with 76(20.3%) subjects falling in the clinical range of hoarding tendencies. There was a significant difference in the scores for Early Adulthood, Middle Adulthood and Late Adulthood (p<0.001). Gender comparison revealed significant difference (p<0.001). A significant positive correlation between hoarding and age was found (p<0.01) whereas a negative correlation was found between hoarding and monthly household income (p<0.01). Conclusion: Hoarding tendencies were found to be in the clinical range for one-fifth of the sample. Key Words: Hoarding disorder, Estimates, Demographics, Continuou...

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ASSOCIATION OF VARICOCELE WITH OLIGOSPERMIA AND AZOSPERMIA

Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat ◽

10.52206/jsmc.2013.3.2.303-307 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 303-307

Author(s):

NAIK ZADA ◽

SHAFI ULLAH KHAN ◽

RIAZ AHMAD KHAN

Keyword(s):

Sperm Count ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Semen Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Semen Parameters ◽

Male Factor ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Seminal Parameters ◽

The Mean ◽

Age Range

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of abnormal semen parameters among patients presenting withvaricocele1METHODS:It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Urology Institute ofkidney diseases Hayat Abad Medical Complex Peshawar and Cenna hospital Saidu Sharif Swat. The studywas carried out on 139 human subjects with clinical evidence of varicocele between age range of 15-45years.The diagnosis of varicocele was based on palpable and/or visible scrotal lump of testicular veins(pampiniform plexus) and was diagnosed on the basis of clinical examination. Semen analysis was carriedout in all these patients and information wascollected on pre designed proforma.RESULTS:The study included a total of 139 patients with varicocele. The mean age of patient was 30 years(15-45) among the patients having symptoms of varicocele. The Mean ±SD for duration of varicocelesymptoms was 9.32 ± 9.70 months. 6.5% (n=9) patients were having azoospermia and 20.1% (n=28)patients had oligozoospermia.CONCLUSION: Patients with varicocele have poor seminal parameters in terms of sperm count i.e.oligozoospermia and azoospermia responsible for male factor infertility in majority ofcases.KEYWORDS:varicocele;seminal parameters;sperm count, infertility

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SEMEN ANALYSIS; CORNER STONE IN EVALUATING INFERTILITY

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal ◽

10.51253/pafmj.v71i6.6150 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 71 (6) ◽

pp. 2224-27

Author(s):

Aysha Khan ◽

Zunera Shahbaz ◽

Shagufta Yousaf ◽

Abeera Ahmed ◽

Fatima Sana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sperm Count ◽

Semen Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Semen Parameters ◽

Military Hospital ◽

Normal Male ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Normal Sperm ◽

Health Organization

Objective: To study the patterns and distribution of various abnormal semen parameters in infertile males. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, Combined Military Hospital, Karachi, from Nov 2019 to Oct 2020. Methodology: The study included 364 patients who presented with primary and secondary infertility. Consecutive convenient sampling was done. Semen analysis was performed using World Health Organization latest guidelines. Samples were categorized as normospermia, azoospermia, oligospermia, asthenozoospermia and necrospermia. Results: The study comprised of 364 samples of infertile males. Normal sperm count was observed in 317 (87%) males, azoospermia in 28 (7.6%) and oligospermia in 19 (5.2%) males. Low ejaculated volume and higher non-motile sperms were noted in oligospermia samples in comparison with normospermia samples. Asthenozoospermia was observed in 102 (28%) and oligoasthenospermia was noted in 15 (4.1%) samples. Conclusion: Good quality semen analysis is a corner stone to diagnose the cause of male infertility.Sperm concentration and motility are the important markers of normal male reproductive system and are related to each other.

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Frequency and Correlation of Depression in Melasma Patients

10.53350/pjmhs2115123161 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 3161-3163

Author(s):

Aqsa Naheed ◽

Mahpara Mazhar ◽

Sundus Fatima ◽

Sakina Sadiq Malik ◽

Sehar Ashraf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Depression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Young Female ◽

Patient Health Questionnaire ◽

Psychiatric Disease ◽

Health Questionnaire ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Psychosocial Burden ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Patient Health

Background: Melasma is hyper-pigmentation of skin, usually seen in young female adults, and previous studies have established substantial psychosocial burden associated with this disease. Aim: To measure the frequency of depression in melasma patients and its correlation with severity of melasma Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: Dermatology OPD, HIT Hospital Taxila from 1st January 2021 to 31st August 2021 Methods: One hundred consecutive patients of melasma diagnosed by a skin specialist were enrolled. Elderly patients aged >60 years, those with previous psychiatric disease or chronic illnesses and on long term streroids were not included. After getting written informed consent, enrolled patients were screened for depression using Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) Results: There were 17 males and 83 females. The mean age was 41.5±8.14 years. On MASI scale for assessing severity of melasma, 38 patients scored mild, 51 scored moderate and 11 scored severe. Using Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) in patients with melasma, 18 patients didn’t have depression, 38 had mild depression, 31 had moderate depression, 6 had moderately severe depression and 7 had severe depression. Conclusion: The frequency of depression is quite high in patients suffering from melasma. It indicates a need for prompt diagnosis, appropriate intervention at correct time to ensure patient’s compliance to therapy to improve his disease outcome. Keywords: Depression, Melasma, Frequency

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Prevalence and Risk Factors for Depression among Caregivers of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients in Saudi Arabia

Neurology Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/2501835 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mohammed Saeed Alqahtani ◽

Ahmad Ayed Alshbriqe ◽

Ahmed A. Awwadh ◽

Turki Ali Alyami ◽

Mohammed Saad Alshomrani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Educational Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prolonged Stay ◽

High Risk Factors ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Getting Lost

Objectives. To identify prevalence and risk factors of depression among caregivers of Alzheimer’ disease (AD) patients. Methods. In a cross-sectional study, 110 caregivers of AD patients participated in this study (51 males and 59 females). Patients data were obtained from patients’ records at Aseer Central Hospital. Depression among caregivers was assessed by using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Results. The age of caregivers ranged from 17 to 85 years (Mean±SD: 41.1±14.0 years). Prevalence of depression among caregivers was 70%. Caregivers were mainly sons/daughters (69.1%) or spouses (11.8%). A total of 33 caregivers (30%) had mild depression while 44 (40%) had moderate depression. Prevalence of depression was significantly higher among caregivers of AD patients who were exposed to repeated falling down (p=0.003), but did not differ significantly among caregivers who were exposed to repeated pneumonia or getting lost. Caregivers’ scores of depression positively correlated with duration of caregivers’ daily stay with AD patients (r=0.272, p=0.004), but did not correlate significantly with either caregivers’ age or patients’ age. Moreover, caregivers’ depression did not differ significantly according to their marital status, educational status, employment status, or monthly income. Conclusions. Prevalence of depression among AD caregiver is high. Risk factors for depression include patients’ exposure to repeated falls and prolonged stay with patients. Therefore, psychiatric care should be provided to caregivers, home safety should be maintained to avoid falls, and several persons should interchangeably provide care to AD patients.

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