scholarly journals MRI Evaluation of Seizures in Pediatric Age Group Patients in a Rural Hospital of Central India

2021 ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Nishant Raj ◽  
Rajasbala Pradeep Dhande
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Central India ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Rural Hospital ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Seizures are a common presenting complaint in pediatric patients. There are many underlying causes which may present as seizures in pediatric population, for example: febrile seizures, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, congenital malformations, certain neoplasms etc. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) plays a fundamental role in evaluation of these causes and is especially of use in identifying the structural lesions presenting as seizures. Objectives: To assess the role of MRI(1.5 Tesla) in evaluation pediatric seizures and to study spectrum of MRI findings associated with various causes. Methodology: A prospective study will be conducted at “Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi”, involving 138 pediatric patients coming to Radiology department. Results: After statistical analysis, we expect to find effectiveness of MRI in evaluation of pediatric seizures. Conclusion: In this study we expect to find usefulness of MRI as a diagnostic tool in assessment of pediatric seizures especially in those with structural lesions.

scholarly journals Etiological classification of seizures in pediatric age group (6-12years) – MRI study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Dr. Nirmalkumar Gopalakrishnan ◽  
◽  
Dr. Mohammed Ansari Gaffoor ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Age Group ◽  
Section Thickness ◽  
Partial Seizures ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Unprovoked Seizure ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Mri Study ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
New Onset

Background: A seizure is an occurrence of signs or symptoms due to abnormal excessive orsynchronous neuronal activity in the brain. The present study aims to study the etiological factorsand clinical profile for new-onset seizures in children aged 6-12 years and to determine thefrequency of Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in the pediatrics age group with new-onset unprovoked seizure and those with inadequately investigated longstanding epilepsy andclassify the etiology based on the MRI findings. Methods: A prospective study involving a total of 50patients was recruited aged between 6 to 12 years. All of them underwent neuro-imaging with MRI.Uncooperative patients were imaged following sedation and monitoring by the anesthetist. Allchildren aged 6-12 years who presented with new-onset seizures were included. All MR images wereobtained at a 3-mm section thickness except magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo images,which are obtained at a 1.8-mm section thickness. Results: Of the 50 patients 28 presented withgeneralized tonic-clonic seizures, 12 with simple partial seizures, 10 with complex partial seizures.Generalized seizures were a more common presentation than partial seizures in children 6-12 yearsof age. Conclusion: With the positivity of the MRI in the new-onset seizure in children between 6-12 years in our study gives an important aspect of the essential factor of imaging in pediatric new-onset seizures.

scholarly journals Etiopathological study of pediatric neck masses in a rural population

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1206
Author(s):  
Mudassar A. Shariff
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Neck Mass ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Neck Masses ◽  
A Prospective Study

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Neck mass in pediatric age group is a common clinical condition encountered by an ENT Specialist. Detailed clinical examination and knowledge of the common neck masses in children, which differ from those in adults is vital in early diagnosis and treatment. Diagnostic modalities such as Ultrasonography, Computerised Tomography, Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and histopathological examination aids in the diagnosis of superficial neck masses. The majority of neck masses in the pediatric population are congenital or inflammatory in origin and some are neoplastic. This study was conducted to establish the various causes of neck masses and the site of origin of neck masses in pediatric patients attending ENT OPD.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 50 patients in the age group of 1 month to 18 years presenting with neck masses to the ENT OPD of Vinayaka Mission’s Medical College and Hospital, Karaikal were included in the study. This was a prospective study conducted for a period of 2 years. All the cases underwent FNAC. Biopsy and histopathological examination was done in cases where the cytological diagnosis was inconclusive.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Of the 50 cases clinically evaluated, 24 were lymph node swellings, 7 were thyroid swellings, 8 were salivary gland swellings, 10 were congenital neck swellings, with 1 swelling being due to other cause.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Inflammatory swelling arising from the Lymph nodes were the commonest cause of neck swelling in pediatric patients. Neck swellings were located most commonly in the Submandibular triangle in the study.</p>

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy (PRES) in a Child with Severe Dengue

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-326
Author(s):  
Yogini Sawant ◽  
Suresh Birajdar ◽  
Hiren Doshi ◽  
Pooja Soni ◽  
Deepak Patkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Mri Changes ◽  
Reversible Encephalopathy ◽  
Csf Examination

Abstract Among neurological complications associated with dengue, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) has not been reported in pediatric population. We report a 10-year-old girl with severe dengue who developed PRES. The patient presented with hemorrhagic shock that required fluid resuscitation and inotropic support. She developed seizures with encephalopathy 2 days after recovering from the shock. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination was negative for dengue (no white blood cells in CSF with negative polymerase chain reaction for dengue). Her clinical features and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings showed typical changes associated with posterior encephalopathy that reverted after resolution of hypertension. Repeat MRI after a month was normal. PRES should be considered as a possible differential diagnoses of dengue associated encephalopathy, especially in cases with normal CSF examination and characteristic MRI changes.

scholarly journals Moyamoya disease in pediatric patients: outcomes of neurosurgical interventions

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. E16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Veeravagu ◽  
Raphael Guzman ◽  
Chirag G. Patil ◽  
Lewis C. Hou ◽  
Marco Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Moyamoya Disease ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Revascularization Procedures

✓Neurosurgical interventions for moyamoya disease (MMD) in pediatric patients include direct, indirect, and combined revascularization procedures. Each technique has shown efficacy in the treatment of pediatric MMD; however, no single study has demonstrated the superiority of one technique over another. In this review, the authors explore the various studies focused on the use of these techniques for MMD in the pediatric population. They summarize the results of each study to clearly depict the clinical outcomes achieved at each institution that had utilized direct, indirect, or combined techniques. In certain studies, multiple techniques were used, and the clinical or radiological outcomes were compared accordingly. Direct techniques have been shown to aid a reduction in perioperative strokes and provide immediate revascularization to ischemic areas; however, these procedures are technically challenging, and not all pediatric patients are appropriate candidates. Indirect techniques have also shown efficacy in the pediatric population but may require a longer period for revascularization to occur and perfusion deficits to be reversed. The authors concluded that the clinical efficacy of one technique over another is still unclear, as most studies have had small populations and the same outcome measures have not been applied. Authors who compared direct and indirect techniques noted approximately equal clinical outcomes with differences in radiological findings. Additional, larger studies are needed to determine the advantages and disadvantages of the different techniques for the pediatric age group.

Collagen Cross-linking for the Treatment of Keratoconus in Pediatric Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Jamyl Habib Castillo ◽  
Beatrice Tiosano ◽  
Rana Hanna ◽  
Eran Berkwitz
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Corneal Transplantation ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Uva Light ◽  
Corneal Rigidity ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Collagen Cross Linking

ABSTRACT Keratoconus (KC) is a bilateral noninflammatory, ectatic corneal disorder. It is the most common primary ectasia affecting approximately 1 in 2,000 in the general population. Classically, the disease starts in puberty and progresses throughout the 3rd or 4th decades of life. Ocular signs and symptoms vary depending on disease severity. As the disease progresses, approximately 20% of KC eyes require penetrating keratoplasty. Collagen cross-linking (CXL) with ultraviolet-A (UVA) light and riboflavin is a new treatment that has emerged in the recent years. It is reported to slow the progression of the disease in its early stages, by increasing corneal rigidity and biomechanical stability. As the number of adult KC patients treated using this procedure grew, proving its safety and high efficacy, the pediatric KC patients population has started to receive special attention. In the pediatric KC patients’ eyes, corneas have been shown to be significantly steeper at the time of diagnosis compared to adults, and the severity of KC seems inversely correlated with age. Since treating KC in earlier age may be beneficiary, before developing an advanced disease that may require corneal transplantation, CXL in the pediatric age group has been advocated by many practitioners. The aim of this review is to collect and consolidate all known data regarding the efficacy and safety of CXL in the pediatric population. How to cite this article Hanna R, Berkwitz E, Castillo JH, Tiosano B. Collagen Cross-linking for the Treatment of Keratoconus in Pediatric Patients. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2015;4(3):94-99.

scholarly journals Evaluation of thyroid nodule in pediatric population in a tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2152
Author(s):  
Mukul Singh ◽  
Manju Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Nodule ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Thyroid Cytopathology ◽  
Rule Out

Background: Thyroid nodules are commonly present in adult population but are rare in pediatric age group. Inspite of being rare, thyroid nodule have a higher chance of malignancy in children. Thus, pediatric patients presenting with thyroid nodule found clinically or incidentally should be worked up to rule out any possibility of malignancy. The besthesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology (TBSRTC) is widely used for reporting in adults. The present study aims to use TBSRTC for pediatric thyroid lesions reporting.Methods: All pediatric patients with age ≤ 18 years presenting with thyroid nodule during January 2018 to April 2019 were included in the study, fine needle aspiration (FNA) was done and findings were compared with histology. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 18.Results: 42 pediatric patient were included in the study, out of which 2.38% were malignant and suspicious for nmalignant each and 83% were benign.Conclusion: TBSRTC is quite sensitive and specific reporting guideline in pediatric population as in adult population with 100% accuracy in diagnosing benign and malignant cases. This is useful for avoiding unnecessary surgeries.

Use of Ultrasonography Versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Tendon Abnormalities Around the Ankle

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 604-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew S. Rockett ◽  
Gayle Waitches ◽  
Gary Sudakoff ◽  
Michael Brage
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Sensitivity Measurement ◽  
Tendon Tears ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
High Resolution Ultrasonography ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
A Prospective Study

A prospective study was performed on 28 patients who underwent surgery for tendon disorders around the ankle. Preoperatively, all patients had real-time, high resolution ultrasonography performed with a 7.5 or 10 mHz transducer. Twenty of these patients also had a preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination of the ankle. A total of 54 tendons were inspected intraoperativey, revealing a total of 24 intrasubstance or complete tendon tears. These surgical findings were compared with the ultrasound and MRI findings, from which the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated for both modalities. Ultrasound produced results with a sensitivity measurement of 100%, specificity of 89.9%, and accuracy of 94.4%. MRI produced results with a sensitivity measurement of 23.4%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 65.75%. Ultrasound results were more sensitive and accurate than MRI in the detection of ankle tendon tears in our study.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION OF FEBRILE SEIZURES WITH IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajeet Gopchade
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Febrile seizures are common in pediatric age group. These seizures are benign and self limiting and usually do not recur after 5 years of age. In pediatric patients viral illnesses are commonly associated with incidence of febrile seizures. Family history of febrile seizures may be present in many cases. Many studies have concluded that febrile seizures are more common in children having iron deficiency some other studies have even reported that iron deficiency is less frequent in children with febrile seizures. We conducted this study of iron deficiency anemia in children presenting with febrile seizures. Materials and Methods: 50 pediatric patients presenting with febrile seizures were included in this study on the basis of a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic details such as age and gender was noted. Previous history of febrile seizure was asked for and noted. Family and past history was noted. Serum Ferritin levels were determined in all the cases. Hemoglobin levels less than 11 gm/dl was taken as cutoff for the diagnosis of anemia. For statistical analysis SSPS 21.0 software was used and p value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Out of 50 studied cases 36 (72.00%) were males and 14 (28.00%) were females with a M: F ratio of 1:0.38. The mean age of patients was found to be 18.18 +/- 11.32 months. Majority of the cases (74%) were having first onset of febrile seizures. Second and third episode of febrile seizures was seen in 8 (16%) and 5 (10%) cases respectively. 42 (84%) patients were found to have simple febrile seizures whereas remaining 8 (16%) patients had complex febrile seizures. criteria 36 (72%) patients were found to have iron deficiency anemia defined as serum Ferritin level below 12 microgram/lit. Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia is associated with an increased risk of febrile seizures in pediatric age group. Keywords: Febrile Seizures, Iron deficiency anemia, Serum Ferritin, Hemoglobin.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Accuracy of Contrast-Enhanced FLAIR Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diagnosis of Meningitis Correlated with CSF Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneel Kumar Vaswani ◽  
Waseem Mehmood Nizamani ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Geeta Aneel ◽  
Bhesham Kumar Shahani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Mri Brain ◽  
Flair Sequence ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
A Prospective Study

Purpose. To determine the diagnostic accuracy of contrast enhanced FLAIR sequence of MRI brain in the diagnosis of meningitis. Subjects and Methods. A prospective study of 57 patients with signs and symptoms of meningitis, referred to the radiology department for MRI examination. Out of these, there were 30 males and 27 females. They underwent MRI brain with contrast including postcontrast T1W and FLAIR sequences. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis obtained by lumbar puncture after MRI was considered the “reference standard” against which MRI findings were compared. Results. Of 57 patients, 50 were diagnosed as having meningitis on subsequent CSF analysis. Out of these 50, 49 were positive on postcontrast FLAIR images and 34 were positive on postcontrast T1W images. One patient was labeled false positive as CSF analysis showed malignant cells (leptomeningeal carcinomatosis). In the diagnosis of meningitis, the sensitivity of postcontrast FLAIR sequence was 96% and specificity 85.71%, whereas the sensitivity of postcontrast T1W sequence was 68% and specificity 85.71%. Conclusion. Contrast-enhanced FLAIR sequence is more sensitive and specific than contrast-enhanced T1W sequence in the diagnosis of meningitis. It should be routinely used in suspected cases of meningitis.

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