Outcomes of Bacterial Meningitis Treatment and its Associated Risk Factors among the Children of Nawabshah, Pakistan

Background: Meningitis happens all the more ordinarily during the main month of life than during some other ensuing period and it is related with high horribleness and mortality. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the outcomes of meningitis treatment and its associated risk factors among the children. Methodology: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted on 400 children, sample size was calculated by using Slovin’s Formula “n=N÷(1+Ne2)” at 0.05 margin of error and by using convenience sampling. Patients who were diagnosed with bacterial meningitis aged from 0 to 18 years were included in the study. Data was collected by well-structured questionnaire. SPSS version 23.0 was used to analyze the data. Multivariate logistic and Bivariate regression analyses was performed to analyze the data. P value ≤0.05 was considered as statistical significant. Results: 262 (65.5%) males were reported and females were 138 (34.5%). Sepsis was found in 24 (6%) patients due to meningitis. Outcomes of the treatment of meningitis patients were found good among 308 (77%) patients. Conclusion: It was concluded that adjustments of starting anti-toxin routine, level of obviousness at hospitalization and season of show to the medical care office from indication beginning altogether affected therapy results of intense bacterial meningitis in youngsters.

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COMPUTER VISION SYNDROME: PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG UNDERGRADUATES IN A TERTIARY INSTITUTION IN NORTH WESTERN NIGERIA

Kanem Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.36020/kjms.2021.1503 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Nwankwo B ◽

◽

Mumueh KP ◽

Olorukooba AA ◽

Usman NO

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Computer Vision ◽

Computer Use ◽

P Value ◽

Tertiary Institution ◽

Blurred Vision ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Computer Vision Syndrome ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Background: Computers and other visual display devices have become essential in the present era and have led to a rise in computer-related health problems. Using computers in homes, universities and other institutions has increased output greatly but has also led to an increased risk of developing Computer vision syndrome (CVS). Objectives: To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with computer vision syndrome among undergraduates. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among153 respondents who were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. A pretested, structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data. A Chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between CVS and associated risk factors at a P-value of <0.05. Results: The mean age of respondents was 22.4 ± 3.4 years. The prevalence of CVS in this study was 83 (54.3%). The common symptoms experienced among the respondents were headache (51, 61.4%), eye strain (48, 57.8%) and blurred vision (42, 50.6%). The risk factors significantly associated with CVS in this study were duration of computer use, hours of computer use per day, level of a computer screen and taking breaks during computer use. Conclusion: About half of the students in this study had at least one symptom of CVS. Therefore, awareness of CVS should be created by the institution during which students would be educated on CVS and its prevention.

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Prevalence of Hypertension and Associated Risk Factors Among Women in a Rural Community in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study

Millennium Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences ◽

10.47340/mjhss.v2i2.1.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Anika Boitchia ◽

Shabnam Naher ◽

Sabbir Pervez ◽

Moyazzem Hossainc

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Rural Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽

Background Characteristics ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Abstract The purpose of this cross-sectional quantitative study was to identify the prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension among rural women. Data collection was carried out between March to June 2019 among 380 women in Kumarkhali Upazila, Kushtia, Bangladesh. Participants were interviewed with a structured questionnaire including background characteristics, anthropometric measurements, prevalence, and risk factors of hypertension. IBM SPSS version 25 was used for analyzing the data. The prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension among the total participants was 21.3% and 17.1%, respectively. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 126.65 (±19.31) mmHg and 77.21 (±12.51) mmHg. Association was found between the prevalence of hypertension and participant’s age, marital status, educational level, body mass index, intake of raw salt, secondary smoking, stress, and diabetes (p<0.05). Among the diabetic women, prehypertension and hypertension prevailed as 26.3% and 55.3% respectively. The lowest risk of hypertension was found with limited raw salt (aOR: 1.42) and red meat (aOR: 0.05) consumption. Hypertension was more likely to affect overweight (aOR: 3.98) and women aged 55 to 64 years (aOR: 13.44). Thus, effective and integrated intervention agendas are required for women, which can improve the rate of diagnosis and prevent uncontrolled hypertension in Bangladesh. Keywords: Prevalence, hypertension, women, blood pressure, risk factor, Bangladesh

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Seroprevalence of human Brucellosis and associated risk factors among high-risk occupations in Mbeya Region of Tanzania

Journal of Epidemiological Research ◽

10.5430/jer.v6n1p1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Frederick D. Sagamiko ◽

Ruth L. Mfune ◽

Bernard M. Hang’ombe ◽

Esron D. Karimuribo ◽

Alfred M. Mwanza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Human Brucellosis ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Occupationally Exposed ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Background: Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease of public health and economic importance. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Mbeya region between November 2015 and January 2016 to investigate the seroprevalence of human brucellosis and identify associated risk factors among individuals in risky occupations. Methods: A total of 425 humans from six occupational categories were serially tested for Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (c-ELISA), for screening and confirmation, respectively. A questionnaire survey was also administered to participants to collect epidemiological data. Results: The overall seroprevalence among the occupationally exposed individuals was 1.41% (95% CI: 00.64-3.12). Seroprevalence was higher among butcher men 5.6% (95% CI: 1.68-5.26), herds men 1.35% (95% CI: 0.18-9.02); and abattoir workers 1.1% (95% CI: 0.26-4.22) although there was no statistical significance. (P value = .18). Seroprevalence was also higher among men (1.8%) compared to females (0%) (P value = .19). and also, among those aged < 11 years (2.5%). Individuals who consumed raw milk had a higher seroprevalence (1.56%) compared to those who drunk boiled milk while seropositivity was 0.88% among those who assisted animals during parturition (P value = .49). Butcher men were at higher risk of exposure compared to other occupational categories. Our findings show the presence of brucellosis in occupationally exposed individuals in Mbeya region.Conclusion: There is need to sensitize the concerned professions in order to reduce the risk of acquiring Brucella infections from animals and animal products This also calls for public health awareness about the disease, and implementation of measures to prevent further spread of brucellosis within and outside the study area.

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Hypertension and associated risk factors: a study among professional nursing

Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line ◽

10.5205/reuol.1262-12560-1-le.0506201109 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 1374

Author(s):

Ana Lucia Becker Vieira Billig ◽

Maria Claudia Irigoyen ◽

Silvia Goldmeier

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Night Shift ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Young Population ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Questionnaire Measure ◽

Factores De Riesgo ◽

The Mean ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Structured Questionnaire

ABSTRACTObjective: to identify the prevalence of hypertension and risk factors (RF) associated in nurses and nursing technicians in a general hospital, combining the results of the professions, shifts and working places. Methodology: this is about a cross-sectional study with two hundred professionals. It was applied a structured questionnaire, measure the stress (ISMA) and the measurements of BP, BMI and WC. Results: the mean age was 32,9 ± 8,9 , females 85.5%, white 91.5% and hypertension of 34%. For the multivariate model, factors associated with hypertension were the night shift, the age, the sex, the obesity, and the nursing profession. Conclusion: a rolling program of health education and a institution’s policy focused on prevention of risk factors should be adopted. For being a young population more sensitive as other measures of HRV measure is needed to refine results to be adopted by the institution because it is a young population and more sensitive measures of HRV as a measure is needed to refine results. Descriptors: hypertension; risk factors; nursing team.RESUMOObjetivo: identificar a prevalência de HAS e fatores de riscos (FR) associados em enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem em um Hospital geral, associando os resultados entre as profissões, turnos e locais de trabalho. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo transversal com duzentos profissionais de enfermagem. Foi aplicado um questionário estruturado além de um inquérito para mensurar o stress (ISMA), a PA, o IMC e a CC. Resultados: a idade foi de 32,9 ± 8,9, do sexo feminino 85,5%, raça branca 91,5% e a HAS foi de 34%. Pelo modelo multivariado, o turno noturno, a idade,o sexo, a obesidade e os enfermeiros estavam associados com hipertensão. Conclusão: um programa continuado de educação em saúde e uma política da instituição enfocando a prevenção aos fatores de risco deverá ser adotada. Por tratar-se de uma população jovem outras medidas mais sensíveis como medida da VFC são necessárias para refinar resultados. Descritores: hipertensão; fatores de risco; equipe de enfermagem.RESUMENObjetivos: determinar la prevalencia de la hipertensión y factores de riesgo (FR) asociados en enfermeros y profesionales de enfermería en un Hospital General, combinando los resultados entre las profesiones, los turnos y lugares de trabajo. Metodología: estudio transversal compuesto de dos centenares de profesionales. Se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado, una encuesta para medir el estrés (ISMA) y la medición de la PA, el IMC y la CC. Resultados: edade 32,9 ± 8,9 mujeres (85,5%), los blancos (91,5%) y la HAS del 34%. Para el modelo multivariado, los factores asociados con la hipertensión fueron el turno de la noche, la edad, el sexo, la obesidad y la profesión de enfermero. Conclusión: un programa permanente de educación para la salud y una política de la institución dirigida a la prevención de factores de riesgo ha de ser adoptada. Por ser una población joven, otras medidas más sensibles de medida como la VFC se necesita para perfeccionar los resultados. Descriptores: hipertensión arterial; factores de riesgo; equipo de enfermería.

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Associated Risk Factors and Prevalence of Sleep Disorders in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-56701/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pedro Santos-Moreno ◽

Carlos Alberto Castro ◽

Laura Villarreal ◽

Guillermo Sánchez-Vanegas

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Sleep Disorders ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Self Care ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune chronic pathology, present in between 0.5% and 1% of adults. This disease is accompanied by comorbidities such as sleep disorders (SD) that occur in between 54% and 70% of the population with RA. The objective of this study was to identify the associated risk factors and the prevalence of sleep disorders in a group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in a referral center for the management of autoimmune diseases in Bogotá, Colombia.Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out on a population of patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) evaluated with the DSM-V. The factors related to sleep disorders and disease activity of were explored. The prevalence of sleep disorders was determined, and a multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted.Results: the study analyzed a total of 1436 patients, with a median age of 56 years. The prevalence of sleep disorders was 31.1%. There was an association between the presence of sleep disorders and Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) (OR: 3.8 CI 95%: 3-5), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) (OR: 3.2 CI 95%: 2.5-4.1), self-care activities (OR: 0.6 CI 95%: 0.4-0.9), and somatic symptom disorder (OR: 1.8, CI 95%: 1.3-2.6). Conclusions: An association (p-value <0.05) was found between SDs and disease activity (DAS28), functional capacity (HAQ), scholarship level, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, metabolic diseases, and leisure and self-care activities. In one third of patients SD were prevalent. It is suggested that patients be approached comprehensively carrying out behavioral and cognitive activities.

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The Prevalence and Risk Factors for Symptomatic Dry Eye in Adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

The Open Ophthalmology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874364102115010277 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 277-282

Author(s):

Anas Abdulaziz Almujalli ◽

Abdulaziz Abdullah Almatrafi ◽

Anas Abdullah Aldael ◽

Talal Waleed Aljudi ◽

Bahaa-Eldin Hasan Abdulhalim

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Contact Lenses ◽

Female Gender ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Objectives: The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of symptomatic suspected dry eye, diagnosed dry eye syndrome (DES), and associated risk factors; in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 654 participants was employed using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire that included demographic characteristics like age, gender, and risk factors (smoking, using contact lenses, chronic comorbidities, etc.). Results: There were 266 (40.7%) previously diagnosed DES participants and 388 (59.3%) non-diagnosed DES, of which 497 were female and 157 were male. Females had a significantly higher rate of diagnosed DES than males (p<0.001), with a significant increase in the rate of DES diagnosis with age (p<0.001). There was also a significant increase in DES in participants with diabetes mellitus, allergic eye, thyroid eye, and skin diseases, as well as having undergone laser surgery or using contact lenses. There was no significant increase in DES in cases of smoking, daily use of electronic devices, or duration of sleep. Conclusion: The prevalence of dry eye among adults in Riyadh was 46.6%, with the most important risk factors being female gender, increasing age, Lasik refractive surgery, skin disease around the eye, and thyroid eye disease.

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PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION, ANTIBIOGRAM AND RISK FACTORS OF SALMONELLA ISOLATES FROM LAYING CHICKEN, POULTRY FARM AND MARKET’S EGGS IN JIMMA TOWN, SOUTH WESTERN ETHIOPIA

10.21203/rs.2.11223/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Diriba Taddese ◽

Tadele Tolosa ◽

Benti Deresa ◽

Matios lakow ◽

Abebe Olani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Phenotypic Characterization ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Poultry Products ◽

Reduce Risk ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Western Ethiopia

Abstract Objectives Salmonella is the most important causes of foodborne illness especially from poultry and poultry products. So the aim of this study was to carryout phenotypic characterization, antimicrobials susceptibility pattern and risk factors of salmonella isolates from farms and markets eggs, cloacae swabs of chickens and stool of egg collectors. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2018 to September 2018. Samples were, processed; salmonella was isolated, Phenotypically identified by OmniLog and antimicrobials susceptibility were carried out. Result Over all; 11(2.65%) of salmonella enterica were phenotipically characterized out of 415 samples from farms egg content (n=83), farms eggshell (n=83), cloacae (n=83), market eggshell (n=83) and market egg contents (n=83) with 2.4%, 0%, 2.4%, 4.8% and 3.6% prevalence, respectively. Out of isolates, 8(72.72%) displayed multidrug resistance. All isolates showed susceptibility to Gentamicin, Kanamycin and Streptomycin. Lack of separating cracked eggs, washing hand, eggs stay longer unsold, and mixing excreta with feed were associated risk factors for salmonella presence (p-value<0.05). The presence of drug resistant salmonella enterica within egg/and chicken can pose serious health problem. Good hygienic practices are important to reduce risk factors of salmonella contamination.

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Clinical and Subclinical Bovine Mastitis and Associated Risk factors in Small-scale Dairy Farms in Bahir Dar and its envirion, Amhara region

10.21203/rs.3.rs-145837/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mussie Hailemelekot ◽

Melaku Chalachew ◽

Sam Laiju

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Dairy Farms ◽

Small Scale ◽

P Value ◽

Bahir Dar ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2017 to January 2018 with the objective of determining the prevalence of mastitis and identify the associated risk factors in and around Bahir dar dairy farms. Totally 302 lactating cows were selected using simple random sampling method. Initially, mastitis cases were diagnosed based on California Mastitis Test (MCT) results and the nature of gel formation. Then positive samples were subjected to bacterial culture and isolation using blood agar, MacConkey agar, colony morphology, Gram stain, and biochemical tests. Statistical analysis was carried out using STATA software and association of mastitis with risk factors was analyzed using chi square test. The association was considered as significant when p-value was less than 0.05. Result The overall cow level prevalence of mastitis using CMT was 25.16% (76/302) with clinical and sub clinical mastitis of 3.64% and 21.52%, respectively. Similarly, the quarter level mastitis was 10.43% (126/1208) with clinical and sub clinical cases of 1.49% and 8.94%, respectively. Bacteria identified were Staphylococci Spp, Escherichia coli, Bacillus Spp, and Streptococcus Spp. with a proportion of 66.07% .94%, 8.0% and 7.14%, respectively. Body condition score, cow Hygiene, Parity, history of mastitis, stage of lactation, teat lesion, use of same clothing, lactating mastitis positive animal last were found to be significant risk factors. Conclusion The current study revealed moderate prevalence of mastitis warranting application of appropriate hygienic practices during milking and awareness creation to the dairy farmers.

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ANTIBIOGRAMS AND RISK FACTORS OF SALMONELLA ISOLATES FROM LAYING HENS AND EGGS IN JIMMA TOWN, SOUTH WESTERN ETHIOPIA

10.21203/rs.2.11223/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Diriba Taddese ◽

Tadele Tolosa ◽

Benti Deresa ◽

Matios lakow ◽

Abebe Olani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Phenotypic Characterization ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Poultry Products ◽

Reduce Risk ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Western Ethiopia

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Early resumption of postpartum sexual intercourse and its associated risk factors among married postpartum women who visited public hospitals of Jimma zone, Southwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0247769 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0247769

Author(s):

Tariku Bekela Gadisa ◽

Mengistu Welday G/Michael ◽

Mihretab Mehari Reda ◽

Beyene Dorsisa Aboma

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Sexual Intercourse ◽

Low Income ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Postnatal Period ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Introduction Postpartum sexual resumption without the use of contraception is a risk for unintended and closely spaced pregnancies. Although counseling related to the resumption of postpartum sexual intercourse is a key component of postpartum sexual health, it is not widely addressed during the postnatal period. Thus, this study aimed to assess the early resumption of postpartum sexual intercourse and its associated risk factors among married postpartum women who visited public hospitals of Jimma zone, Southwest Ethiopia, for child immunization services. Methods The facility-based cross-sectional study design was undertaken, and a systematic random sampling technique was carried out to select 330 participants. Data were collected using a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire from August to September 2019. Obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. A bivariate analysis was used to determine the significance of the association. Variables that showed association in the bivariate analysis at p-value <0.2 were fitted into a multivariable logistic regression model to control for confounders, and the significance of association was determined at p-value <0.05 with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Approximately 53.9% of the respondents practiced early resumption of postpartum sexual intercourse. Factors such as low income (AOR = 0.19 (95% CI = 0.10-.37)), monogamous marriage 3.78(1.32–10.79), practicing sexual intercourse during pregnancy (AOR = 4.55 (95% CI = 1.29–15.97)), a cesarean delivery (AOR = 0.06 95%CI = (0.03–0.15)) and use of contraceptives (AOR = 3.7(95%CI = 1.92–7.14)) were significantly associated with early resumption of postpartum sexual intercourse. Conclusion and recommendation The findings of this study suggested that, most postpartum mothers resumed sexual intercourse during the early postpartum period and its associated risk factors include low income, monogamous marriage, practicing sexual intercourse during pregnancy, cesarean delivery, and use of contraceptives. Discussion with couples about postpartum sexual health during the antenatal and postnatal period is crucial to prevent unwanted pregnancies and adverse health outcomes.

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