scholarly journals Molecular Aspects of Cancer Research Endometrium – The Prospect of Personalized Treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 346-356
Author(s):  
Movchan Oksana
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Molecular Processes ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Molecular Aspects

Aims: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer, and there is a growing interest in identifying the molecular pathways involved and developing molecular-targeted treatment to prevent it. Present study was aimed to give an overview of the molecular processes involved in endometrial cancer development and treatment options. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive systematic literature review and meta-analysis. For that purpose, PubMed database was searched for related studies till June 2021 and a through selection process was adopted to select the eligible studies. Results: Endometrial malignancies are complicated molecularly, and their focused therapy has a wide range of outcomes, with median progressive survival rates ranging from 2.3 to 18 months. Conclusions: The effective treatment and therapy need a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the creation and progression of endometrial cancer, as well as the development of innovative targeted therapeutic agents.

scholarly journals Chemotherapy for Late-Stage Cancer Patients: Meta-Analysis of Complete Response Rates

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin L. Ashdown ◽  
Andrew P. Robinson ◽  
Steven L. Yatomi-Clarke ◽  
M. Luisa Ashdown ◽  
Andrew Allison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Drug Regimen ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Late Stage Cancer ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cancer Types

Complete response (CR) rates reported for cytotoxic chemotherapy for late-stage cancer patients are generally low, with few exceptions, regardless of the solid cancer type or drug regimen. We investigated CR rates reported in the literature for clinical trials using chemotherapy alone, across a wide range of tumour types and chemotherapeutic regimens, to determine an overall CR rate for late-stage cancers. A total of 141 reports were located using the PubMed database. A meta-analysis was performed of reported CR from 68 chemotherapy trials (total 2732 patients) using standard agents across late-stage solid cancers—a binomial model with random effects was adopted. Mean CR rates were compared for different cancer types, and for chemotherapeutic agents with different mechanisms of action, using a logistic regression. Our results showed that the CR rates for chemotherapy treatment of late-stage cancer were generally low at 7.4%, regardless of the cancer type or drug regimen used. We found no evidence that CR rates differed between different chemotherapy drug types, but amongst different cancer types small CR differences were evident, although none exceeded a mean CR rate of 11%. This remarkable concordance of CR rates regardless of cancer or therapy type remains currently unexplained, and motivates further investigation.

Analysis of the molecular mechanisms by flavonoids with potential use for osteoporosis prevention or therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Rodríguez ◽  
María Rivoira ◽  
Gabriela Picotto ◽  
Gabriela Díaz de Barboza ◽  
Alejandro Collin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Osteoporosis Treatment ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Osteoporotic Bone ◽  
Osteoporosis Prevention ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Potential Use

Background: Osteoporosis is the most common skeletal disorder worldwide. Flavonoids have the potential to alleviate bone alterations in osteoporotic patients with the advantage of being safer and less expensive than the conventional therapies. Objective: The main objective is to analyze the molecular mechanisms triggered in bone by different subclasses of flavonoids. In addition, this review provides an up-to-date overview on the cellular and molecular aspects of osteoporotic bones versus healthy bones, and a brief description of some epidemiological studies indicating that flavonoids could be useful for osteoporosis treatment. Methods: The PubMed database was searched in the range of years 2001- 2021 using the keywords osteoporosis, flavonoids, and their subclasses such as flavones, flavonols, flavanols, isoflavones, flavanones and anthocyanins, focusing the data on the molecular mechanisms triggered in bone. Results: Although flavonoids comprise many compounds that differ in structure, their effects on bone loss in postmenopausal women or in ovariectomized-induced osteoporotic animals are quite similar. Most of them increase bone mineral density and bone strength, which occur through enhancement of osteoblastogenesis and osteoclast apoptosis, decrease in osteoclastogenesis as well as increase in neovascularization on the site of the osteoporotic fracture. Conclusion: Several molecules of signaling pathways are involved in the effect of flavonoids on osteoporotic bone. Whether all flavonoids have a common mechanism or they act as ligands of estrogen receptors remain to be established. More clinical trials are necessary to know better their safety, efficacy, delivery and bioavailability in humans, as well as comparative studies with conventional therapies.

scholarly journals Recent advances in pathophysiology studies and treatment of epilepsy in neurocutaneous disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Sadowski ◽  
Sergiusz Jóźwiak
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mtor Inhibitors ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Disease Modifying Treatment ◽  
Based Medicine

SUMMARYIntroduction.Epilepsy that is associated with neurocutaneous disorders seriously deteriorates quality of life and cognitive outcome of affected children. Recent advances in epilepsy pathophysiology raise hopes for better treatment results in this difficult group of patients.Aim.The aim of this review is to present recent treatment recommendations as well as current research progress in the most frequent neurocutaneous disorders.Material and methods.We analyzed PubMed database to select the most prominent and recent (up to 2014 year) publications on the treatment and mechanisms of epilepsy in selected neurocutaneous disorders. We aimed to emphasize evidence-based medicine recommendations as well as basic experimental studies dealing with molecular mechanisms of epileptogenesis.Discussion and conclusions.Recent advances in disease-modifying treatment options such as mTOR inhibitors in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex open up new perspectives for neurologists. Traditional resective surgery has still a major role as a treatment of choice in carefully selected cases.

Substitution Treatment and HCV / HIV Infection in a Sample of 31 German Prisons for Sentenced Inmates

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
J. Reimer ◽  
H. Stöver ◽  
B. Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Substitution Treatment ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Respective Treatment

Injection drug use (IDU) and IDU-related infectious diseases such as hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are highly prevalent among prisoners worldwide. However, little is known about the prevalence of IDUs and HCV/HIV and the availability of respective treatment options in German prisons. Data, provided by prison physicians of 31 prisons, representing 14,187 inmates, were included in this analysis. The proportion of IDUs among all prisoners was 21.9%. Substitution treatment was available in three out of four prisons (74.2%). Overall, 1,137 substitution treatments were provided annually with a wide range of treatment aims. The prevalence rate was 14.3% for HCV and 1.2% for HIV. Around 5.5% of all HCV-infected prisoners were in antiviral treatment annually, 86.5% of all HIV-positive subjects in antiretroviral HIV treatment.Generally, substitution treatment, HCV and HIV testing and treatment are available. However, due to abstinence-oriented treatment aims substitution treatment is rarely available as maintenance treatment, and HCV/HIV treatment is mainly provided for patients with an existing treatment before imprisonment. The inconsistent data quality necessitate changes in prison related policy are needed, to improve surveillance and to generate aggregated data in German prisons. The selection process in this analysis might lead to overestimating the provision substitution - and antiviral HCV-treatment.

Selection of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) strains that are susceptible or refractory to Dengue-2 virus

2013 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola A. Caicedo ◽  
Olga L. Barón ◽  
Mauricio Pérez ◽  
Neal Alexander ◽  
Carl Lowenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Seven Generations ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe vector competence (VC) of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) varies geographically and is affected by both genetic and environmental factors. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that influence VC may help develop novel control strategies. The selection of susceptible and refractory strains is the first step in this process. We collected immature A. aegypti in the field and established strains that were susceptible and refractory to Dengue-2 virus by isofamily selection through several generations. Infection was detected by immunofluorescence of head or midgut tissues to determine infection barriers and the % of VC by tissue. We selected three strains: Susceptible (Cali-S) (96.4% susceptible at F19), Refractory with a midgut escape barrier (Cali-MEB) (44.1% refractory at F15), and Refractory with a midgut infection barrier (Cali-MIB) (40% refractory at F16). The effects of the infection were measured using Kaplan–Meier survival rates over the first seven generations. All selected strains showed a similar decrease in survival and in the number of eggs laid/female through the seven generations, suggesting that changes were a result of the selection process rather than the virus infection. The results of this study suggest that VC is associated with multiple genes, which have additive effects on susceptibility.

scholarly journals New treatment approaches to von Willebrand disease

Hematology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
pp. 683-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Lavin ◽  
James S. O’Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Von Willebrand Disease ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Treatment Optimization ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Von Willebrand

Abstract von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the commonest inherited bleeding disorder and results from either a quantitative or qualitative deficiency in the plasma glycoprotein von Willebrand factor (VWF). Recent large cohort studies have significantly enhanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of VWD. In contrast, however, there have been relatively few advances in the therapeutic options available for the treatment of bleeding in patients with VWD. Established treatment options include tranexamic acid, 1-deamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP), and plasma-derived VWF concentrates. In addition, a recombinant VWF has also recently been developed. In this review, we focus on how recent insights into the clinical and molecular aspects underpinning VWD are already beginning to influence treatment in the clinic. For example, a number of different bleeding assessment tools (BATs) have been developed to objectively assess bleeding symptoms in patients with VWD. Interestingly, however, these BAT scores may also have an important role to play in predicting bleeding risk in VWD. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that enhanced VWF clearance plays a critical role in the etiology of both type 1 and type 2 VWD. These findings have direct translational relevance with respect to the use of DDAVP in patients with VWD. As understanding of the mechanisms involved in VWD pathogenesis continues to advance, novel treatment options are likely to emerge. Critically, however, large adequately powered and stratified clinical trials will be required to address the outstanding questions that remain regarding VWD treatment optimization.

scholarly journals Prognostic Biomarkers in Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Coll-de la Rubia ◽  
Elena Martinez-Garcia ◽  
Gunnar Dittmar ◽  
Antonio Gil-Moreno ◽  
Silvia Cabrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Prognostic Biomarkers ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Mmr Proteins

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the sixth most common cancer in women worldwide and its mortality is directly associated with the presence of poor prognostic factors driving tumor recurrence. Stratification systems are based on few molecular, and mostly clinical and pathological parameters, but these systems remain inaccurate. Therefore, identifying prognostic EC biomarkers is crucial for improving risk assessment pre- and postoperatively and to guide treatment decisions. This systematic review gathers all protein biomarkers associated with clinical prognostic factors of EC, recurrence and survival. Relevant studies were identified by searching the PubMed database from 1991 to February 2020. A total number of 398 studies matched our criteria, which compiled 255 proteins associated with the prognosis of EC. MUC16, ESR1, PGR, TP53, WFDC2, MKI67, ERBB2, L1CAM, CDH1, PTEN and MMR proteins are the most validated biomarkers. On the basis of our meta-analysis ESR1, TP53 and WFDC2 showed potential usefulness for predicting overall survival in EC. Limitations of the published studies in terms of appropriate study design, lack of high-throughput measurements, and statistical deficiencies are highlighted, and new approaches and perspectives for the identification and validation of clinically valuable EC prognostic biomarkers are discussed.

Evaluation of the Prognostic Value of Peritoneal Cytology in Patients with Endometrial Cancer: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariba Binesh ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Moravej ◽  
Safiyehsadat Heydari ◽  
Mahdi Aghabagheri ◽  
Hamidreza Dehghan
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cancer Staging ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Peritoneal Cytology ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Peritoneal Washing ◽  
Peritoneal Washing Cytology

Objective: In 1988, a new conception for endometrial cancer staging was introduced by Fédération Internationale de Gynecologie et d'Obstétrique (FIGO). In addition to pathologic development, peritoneal cytology played an important role in the staging. The goal of peritoneal cytology was to identify hidden and microscopic extensions outside the uterus. In 2009, the system was reviewed; one of the changes was removing the peritoneal cytology. The aim of this review is to evaluate the effect of peritoneal cytology on the survival of patients with endometrial cancer. Methods and analysis: This protocol is reported based on the PRISMA-P guideline. We will search "endometrial cancer," "peritoneal washing," and any other relevant words on PubMed, Cochran, EMBASE, and Scopus databases. The eligibility criteria are: All original studies performed on patients with endometrial cancer, evaluated survival, and performed peritoneal washing cytology. Only one of the non-English studies with the same respect will be included according to the research team's opinion. Also, the most recent paper among multiple articles about a single study is chosen. It should be noted that there will not be any restrictions regarding the language and publication date. For quality assessment, we will use the quality in prognosis (QUIPS) tool.  If possible, a meta-analysis will also be performed using a rndom effects model, and overall survival rates and confidence intervals will be reported. Heterogeneity will be tested by using the I2 index and Cochrane's Q test. Subgroup analysis will be performed to handle the heterogeneity. The publication bias will be assessed in the presence of 10 or more relevant articles. If there is no chance of meta-analysis, the result will be reported qualitatively. Discussion: The resulting review will provide valuable information regarding the prognostic value of peritoneal cytology in patiens with endometrial cancer.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS). A New Threat for Young Drug Users with Forensic-Toxicological Implications

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Arianna Giorgetti ◽  
Jennifer Pascali ◽  
Paolo Fais ◽  
Guido Pelletti ◽  
Andrea Gabbin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Novel Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Structural Class ◽  
Synthetic Opioids ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Wide Range

Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) represent a severe health risk for drug users. Even though the phenomenon has been growing since the early 2000s, the mechanisms of action of NPS at the receptors and beyond them are still scarcely understood. The aim of the present study was to provide a systematic review of the updated knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of synthetic opioids, cannabinoids, cathinones, and stimulants. The study was conducted on the PubMed database. Study eligibility criteria included relevance to the topic, English language, and time of publication (2010–2020). A combined Mesh and free-text protocols search was performed. Study selection was performed on the title/abstract and, in doubtful cases, on the full texts of papers. Of the 580 records identified through PubMed searching and reference checking, 307 were excluded by title/abstract and 78 additional papers were excluded after full-text reading, leaving a total of 155 included papers. Molecular mechanisms of synthetic opioids, synthetic cannabinoids, stimulants, psychedelics, and hallucinogens were reviewed and mostly involved both a receptor-mediated and non-receptor mediated cellular modulation with multiple neurotransmitters interactions. The molecular mechanisms underlying the action of NPS are more complex than expected, with a wide range of overlap among activated receptors and neurotransmitter systems. The peculiar action profile of single compounds does not necessarily reflect that of the structural class to which they belong, accounting for possible unexpected toxic reactions.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Myasthenia Gravis: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Comparative Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina S. Ipe ◽  
Adeola R. Davis ◽  
Jay S. Raval
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Plasma Exchange ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Therapeutic Plasma Exchange ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Pubmed Database

Background: Patients with Myasthenia Gravis (MG) can be treated acutely with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) or intravenous immune globulin (IVIG). To date, there is no definitive understanding of which of the two treatments is more effective and safer. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature on the comparative efficacy and safety of TPE to other available treatments for MG.Methods: A systematic literature search for studies published between 1997 and 2017 was performed per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using two database sources, MEDLINE (through the PubMed database) and Cochrane Library.Results: The search strategy resulted in 535 articles whose abstracts were reviewed. Among these, 165 full texts articles were reviewed for eligibility and 101 articles were excluded. Of the 165 articles, 64 articles were included for a systematic literature and 11 articles for a meta-analysis.Conclusions: This systematic literature review and meta-analysis of treatment options showed that there was a higher response rate with TPE than IVIG in acute MG patients and patients undergoing thymectomy. There was no difference in mortality between the two treatment options. Our findings highlight the need for additional randomized clinical trials in these patients with MG.

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