scholarly journals Antioxidant, Cytotoxic and larvicidal Potential in Oxalis latifolia Kunth. Methanolic Leaf Extract

2021 ◽  
pp. 269-275
Author(s):  
R. Gopi Krishnan ◽  
S. Murugesh
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Cytotoxicity Activity ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Ht 29

Aims: The current work was analyzed in antioxidants, cytotoxicity and larvicidal potential were examined for O. latifolia methanolic leaf extract. Methodology: Antioxidant assasy for Hydroxyl radical (H2O2). Cytotoxicity potential was studied against colon (HT-29). Culex quinquefasciatus  (IVth instar) larvae was used for larvicidal test. Results: Antioxidant and cytotoxicity exhibits significant activities with IC50 value of 442.94 µg/mL and also the cytotoxicity activity IC50 values of 50.00μg/mL for HT-29. Larval mortality against the larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus showed best activity with LC50 09.50mg/L and LC90 28.72 mg/L. Conclusion: Thus, this study proved that methanolic leaf extracts of O. latifolia have significant biological activities. Hence, it can be used for pharmacetutical applications.

Phytochemical Screening and Larvicidal Assessment of Bellyache Bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia) Leaf Extracts Against Culex quinquefasciatus Larvae

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
J.H. Buduwara ◽  
T. Adiel ◽  
R. Sami ◽  
M.L. Tafem
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract ◽  
Jatropha Gossypiifolia

The development of resistance by Culex mosquitoes to synthetic insecticides has necessitated the continued search for alternative ones from plants. This study screened the preliminary qualitative phytochemicals and assessed the larvicidal efficacy of extracts of J. gossypiifolia leaf against third and fourth stage Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. The J. gossypiifolia was screened for the presence of phytochemicals using standard methods. After twenty-four (24) hours post exposure of both third and fourth stage C. quinquefasciatus larvae against different concentrations, (2.0mg/ml, 4.0mg/ml, 6.0mg/ml, 8.0mg/ml and 10 mg/ml) of various extracts. It showed that larval mortality increases significantly (p<0.05) with increase in extracts concentration. Acetone leaf extract showed highest mortality at 10mg/ml with 85% third stage Culex larvae mortality, followed by ethanolic leaf extract. However, least mortality was observed in n-Hexane leaf extract with 15% larval mortality against fourth stage Culex larvae. Low LC and LC values (3.715mg/ml and 12.490mg/ml) were noticed in 50 90 acetone leaf extract of J. gossypiifolia. The study observed that the highest LC and LC values (9.104mg/ml and 50 90 22.877mg/ml) were noticed in hexane leaf extracts. Conclusively, acetone leaf extract of J. gossypiifolia can be harnessed to control Culex larvae. However, there is a need to ascertain the quantities of bioactive components of J. gossypiifolia and its toxicity to non-target organisms. Keywords: Jatropha gossypiifolia, Phytochemicals, Culex larvae

scholarly journals Isolation of Dihydrostilbenes from Macaranga Heynei and their Bioactivities

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.14) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
A S. Kamarozaman ◽  
N Ahmat1 ◽  
A L. Muhammad Low ◽  
N F. Rajab ◽  
Z Zamkhuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Good Activity ◽  
Prenylated Flavonoids ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
South Pacific Islands ◽  
Ht 29 ◽  
Pronounced Inhibition

Macaranga is known to contain abundant sources of prenylated flavonoids and stilbenoids which possessed broad spectrum of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity. These species are widely distributed in New Guinea, Borneo and from West Africa to the south Pacific islands. Although Macaranga comprises a large number of species, this genus has not been widely investigated which prompted us to conduct a study on Macaranga heynei. This research is conducted to isolate and characterise the compounds from M. heynei as well as to access the antibacterial and cytotoxicity of the isolates. The purification from the leaves of M. heynei has successfully yielded three dihydrostilbenes which were analysed by means of NMR, UV-Vis, FTIR, MS and comparison with the literature data. These compounds were characterised as laevifolins A (1) and B (2) as well as macarubiginosin C (3). Laevifolin A (1) exhibited good activity against S.cohnii subsp. urealyticum and moderate activity against S.aureus ATCC 25923 with the IC50 values of 11.65 and 27.13 M respectively. It also displayed pronounced inhibition against HT-29 cells with an IC50 value of 21.20 M. Meanwhile, laevifolin B (2) displayed moderate activity on S.cohnii subsp. urealyticum but strong inhibition against S.aureus ATCC 25923 with the IC50 values of 20.71 and 1.64 M respectively. 

scholarly journals Characterization and Applications of Leaf Extracts of Hemigraphis Alternate

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S6) ◽  
pp. 108-114
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Cellular Migration ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Healing Property ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Wound Healing Property

Natural products carry out various capabilities and a lot of them have thrilling and useful organic activities. The gift take a look at turned into undertaken to analyze the bioactive compounds and the pharmacological capacity of leaf extract of Hemigraphis alternata. The presence of numerous compounds become characterized by way of FTIR and GCMS. ROS effect and wound recuperation assets have been analyzed and it discovered that crude extract is greater powerful inhibiting ROS manufacturing and it has high wound healing property with properly cellular migration in dose based way. The cytotoxic nature of leaf extract also analyzed with the aid of MTT assay and it suggests low IC50 value of 329.95 µG/ml. The result discovered that the crude extract of H.Alternata leaf is a great wound healer with low cytotoxicity.

scholarly journals Sesquiterpenes-Rich Essential Oil from Above Ground Parts of Pulicaria somalensis Exhibited Antioxidant Activity and Allelopathic Effect on Weeds

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz Assaeed ◽  
Abdelsamed Elshamy ◽  
Abd El-Nasser El Gendy ◽  
Basharat Dar ◽  
Saud Al-Rowaily ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Dactyloctenium Aegyptium ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Main Components

Pulicaria genus (fleabane) is characterized by its fragrant odor due to the presence of essential oil (EO). According to the literature reviews, the EO of Pulicaria somalensis O.Hoffm. (Shie) is still unexplored. For the first time, 71 compounds were characterized in EO derived from above-ground parts of P. somalensis collected from Saudi Arabia. Sesquiterpenes represented the main components (91.8%), along with minor amounts of mono-, diterpenes, and hydrocarbons. Juniper camphor (24.7%), α-sinensal (7.7%), 6-epi-shyobunol (6.6%), α-zingiberene (5.8%), α-bisabolol (5.3%), and T-muurolol (4.7%) were characterized as main constituents. The correlation analysis between different Pulicaria species showed that P. somalensis has a specific chemical pattern of the EO, thereby no correlation was observed with other reported Pulicaria species. The EO showed significant allelopathic activity against the weeds of Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. (crowfoot grass) and Bidens pilosa L. (hairy beggarticks). The IC50 value on the germination of D. aegyptium was double that of B. pilosa. The IC50 values on the root growth of B. pilosa and D. aegyptium were 0.6 mg mL−1 each, while the shoot growths were 1.0 and 0.7 mg mL−1, respectively. This variation in the activity could be attributed to the genetic characteristics of the weeds. Moreover, the EO exhibited significant antioxidant effects compared to ascorbic acid. Further studies are necessary to verify if these biological activities of the EO could be attributable to its major compounds.

scholarly journals Larvicidal Efficacy and GC-MS Analysis of Hyptis suaveolens Leaf Extracts against Anopheles Species

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
Y. D. Dakum ◽  
C. N. Amajoh ◽  
A. Ombugadu ◽  
G. Istifanus ◽  
F. Agwom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Anopheles Species ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Hyptis Suaveolens ◽  
Crude Leaf Extract

Mosquitoes are the most important group of insects in terms of public health importance, which transmit serious human diseases. The continuous application of synthetic insecticides to control these mosquitoes causes development of resistance in vector species, and an adverse effect on environmental quality and non-target organisms including human health. Therefore, the use of active toxic agents from plant extracts as alternative mosquito control strategy cannot be over emphasized, as these are non-toxic, easily available at affordable prices, biodegradable and show target - specific activities against different species of vector mosquitoes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the larvicidal efficacy of the aqueous and methanol leaf extracts of H. suaveolens against the fourth instars larvae of Anopheles species. Standard WHO protocols was adopted for the larvicidal bioassay. Larvicidal activity was evaluated at concentrations of 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg/L. The larval mortality was observed after 24 and 48hours bioassay. The results are mean of three replicates and the mortalities recorded were subjected to chi-square test and probit analysis to determine median lethal concentrations (LC50). TheGC-MS analysis ofthe methanolic leaf extract of the plantrevealed the presence of twelve compounds on the chromatogram. Among the major compounds areOleic Acid (33.33%), Octadecanoic acid (13.52%), 1,3-Cyclohexadiene-1-methanol,alpha.,2,6,6-(10.42%), 1,3-Cyclopentanediol, trans (9.60%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (9.01%) and 4-Hepten-3-one, 4-methyl (7.0%).The phytochemical screening of the aqueous and methanol leaf extracts of the plant revealed the presence of Tannins, Terpenoids, Flavonoids, Steroids, Carbohydrates, Cardiac glycoside and resins. The LC50 values estimated were 316.22mg/Lfor methanol extract and 323.59 mg/L for aqueous extract. The differences between the two extracts were however not significantly different at P>0.05. The findings also revealed that mortality was concentration dependent and both extracts showed promising larvicidal activity against Anopheles species larvae. Therefore, the crude leaf extract of the plant is recommended to be used as alternative to synthetic larvicides and further research is needed to test the activity of the plant on non-target organisms.

scholarly journals Phytochemistry and Antioxidant Activities of the Methanolic Leaf Extract of Clerodendrum splendens (Lamiaceae)

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Nganso Ditchou Yves Oscar ◽  
Amang A Ngoung GA ◽  
Soh Desire ◽  
Simo Nemg Fredy Brice ◽  
Nyasse Barthelemy
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Hepatic Lipids ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ic50 Values

This paper aimed at studying the antioxidant efficacy of the methanolic leaf extract of Clerodendrum splendens, a plant of the Lamiaceae family. Phytochemical tests carried out on extracts of Clerodendrum splendens leaves have been able to detect the presence of secondary metabolites such as Flavonoids, Tannins, Saponins and Terpenoids. The results of the antioxidant activity have shown that CSF2, CSF3 fractions and CSB, CSG fractions similarly inhibited hepatic lipids but significantly less than vitamin C. Compared to all fractions, the CSB fraction shows the best inhibitor on the peroxidation of hepatic lipids because at 150 μg/mL, there is a maximum activity (2.5 μg/mL of protein). However, it is found that CSF3, CSF2 and CSG have higher IC50 values than vitamin C (5.613±0.117) while CSEB, CSB and CSC fractions showed lower IC50 values than vitamin C, which is used as the reference reducing compound. The lower the IC50 value compared to vitamin C, the greater the antioxidant capacity of the plant extract. The results of this study suggest that Clerodendrum splendens represents an untapped source of compounds with potential antioxidant activity that could be explored in the development of new therapeutic natural products.

LARVICIDAL EFFICACY OF LEAF EXTRACTS FROM THREE ASTERACEOUS PLANT AGAINST MOSQUITO (Culex quinquefasciatus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
C. C. Ojianwuna ◽  
Ebele Martina Ilondu ◽  
V. N. Enwemime
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Equal Proportion ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Plant Materials

It is well known that the mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, badly affect individuals in endemic setting, causing filariasis. Intervention targeting the vector larva has not been given much priority. Therefore, the efficacy of ethanolic extract of Ageratum conyzoides, Bidens pilosa L. and Spilanthes filicaulis and a mixture of these plants in equal proportion was evaluated for larvicidal activities against filarial mosquito Culex quinquefasciantus. Phytochemical screening of the extracts was done by dissolving 5g each of plants in 30ml ethanol and water separately to obtain plant extracts. Samples were qualitatively screened following standard methodology for phytochemicals. Mortality of mosquito larva was examined after 12hrs, 24hr, 36hrs, and 48hrs treatment. Probit analysis for 50% Lethal Concentration was done using GraphPad Prism 9. Phytochemical screening of the plants revealed that Bidens pilos, Spilanthes filicaulis and Ageratum conyzoides contained moderated concentrations of Anthraquinones and Cardiac glycosids, Tannins, and Alkaloids respectively. Complete mortality was recorded with 0.60ml of Bidens pilosa, and Spilanthes filicaulis at 48hours and 36 hours respectively. More so, complete mortality was recorded with 0.40 and 0.60ml of the three plants in mixed proportion at 36 hours and 24 hours respectively. Larval mortality and time mortality were significantly (p<0.05) different. 50%Lethal Concentration for Ageratum conyzoides L, Bidens pilosa L, Spilanthes filicaulis, and mixture of the three plants in equal proportion are 0.33ml, 0.25ml, 0.08ml, and 0.06ml respectively. Results showed that these plant materials exhibit significant activity and could be considered as potent natural larvicidal agent.

scholarly journals Bioactivity of Piper extracts on Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in tomato

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Ferrari de Brito ◽  
Edson Luiz Lopes Baldin ◽  
Roney de Carvalho Macedo Silva ◽  
Leandro do Prado Ribeiro ◽  
José Djair Vendramim
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Tomato Leafminer ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

The objective of this work was to evaluate the bioactivity of ethanolic leaf extracts from four species of the genus Piper against the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under laboratory conditions. The evaluated species were: P. amalago var. medium, P. glabratum, P. mikanianum, and P. mollicomum. In the initial screening assay (extract concentration of 2,000 mg L-1), all tested extracts caused significant larval mortality, particularly the extract of P. amalago var. medium; however, no extracts reduced the weight of the surviving larvae. The extract from P. amalago var. medium at the concentration of 1,011 mg L-1 caused a significant lengthening of the larval and pupal stages. The ethanolic leaf extract of P. amalago var. medium is promising for the control of T. absoluta larvae in tomato, since it exhibits acute toxicity toward these caterpillars at the concentration of 2,000 mg L-1 and affects the insect's development by reducing its survival and lengthening the larval and pupal stages.

scholarly journals Larvicidal efficacy of the crude leaf extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) against the mosquito larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Humayun Reza Khan ◽  
Nigar Sultana ◽  
Prova Sharmin
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Water Based

Eucalyptus camaldulensis was assayed to evaluate the larvicidal efficacy of its leaf extracts against the 3rd instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus at five dose concentrations (viz. 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0) in five solvents (viz. chloroform, ethanol, di-chloromethane, acetone and water) based extracts after 24 hrs exposure. Among all the extracts the shade dried chloroform based leaf extracts showed the highest larvicidal efficacy (viz. 42.67, 56.67, 68.0, 92.67 and 100%) at low dose concentrations of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.25, respectively while the sun dried water based leaf extracts showed the lowest larvicidal efficacy (viz. 21.33, 30.67, 48.67, 58.0 and 74.0%) at high dose concentrations of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0, respectively among the ten different experimental conditions. The relative potency of ten types of crude leaf extracts of E. camaldulensis against the mosquito larvae are shown as follows in decreasing order on the basis of LC50 value : Shade dried chloroform based leaf extract (0.356 mg/ml) > sun dried chloroform based leaf extract (0.400 mg/ml) > shade dried di-chloromethane based leaf extract (0.411 mg/ml) > sun dried dichloromethane based leaf extract (0.579 mg/ml) > shade dried ethanol based leaf extract (0.736 mg/ml) > sun dried ethanol based leaf extract (0.817 mg/ml) > shade dried acetone based leaf extract (1.000 mg/ml) > sun dried acetone based leaf extract (1.251 mg/ml) > shade dried water based leaf extract (1.807 mg/ml) > Sun dried water based leaf extract (2.020 mg/ml).The effectiveness of the shade dried leaf extracts was shown higher than the sun dried leaf extracts under comparable condition. No mortality was observed in control treatment. The study revealed that these leaf extracts have the potency to consider as an effective larvicidal agent. It is an alternative source for developing a novel larvicide for controlling the mosquito species. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 27(2): 135-144, 2018 (July)

scholarly journals Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Penicillium sp. lectins

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Singh ◽  
Amandeep Walia
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Peroxide Radical ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

Lectins are a diverse group of proteins of non-immune origin that interact specifically with glycans. Owing to their specificity, they can mediate various cellular and molecular recognition processes. To explore information on biological activities of lectins from Penicillium duclauxii, P. proteolyticum and P. griseoroseum, they were investigated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Penicillium sp. lectins exhibited moderate antioxidant activity. P. duclauxii, P. proteolyticum and P. griseoroseum lectins inhibited DPPH with an IC50 value of 71.42, 75.04 and 82.11 ?g/mL, respectively. P. duclauxii, P. proteolyticum and P. griseoroseum lectins inhibited the hydrogen peroxide radical with IC50 values of 198.57, 209.76 and 215.31 ?g/mL, respectively. P. duclauxii and P. proteolyticum lectins exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. P. griseoroseum lectin inhibited only Gram-positive bacteria. Penicillium sp. lectins did not exhibit antifungal activity. The biological potential of Penicillium sp. lectins will help to understand their biomedical applications. This is the first report on the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of purified lectins from Penicillium sp.

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