scholarly journals Nephroprotective Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Carissa carandas Leaves against Gentamicin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Wistar Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 279-286
Author(s):  
V. V. Rajesham ◽  
Hima Sowmya Kandoti ◽  
Mitta Raghavendra ◽  
P. Roshan Ali ◽  
T. Rama Rao
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Disease Group ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Carissa Carandas ◽  
Nephroprotective Activity ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Histopathological Studies

The present study was aimed to evaluate the nephroprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Carissa carandas Linn. Leaves (EECC) in Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. The renal damage was induced by Gentamicin (80mg/kg body weight, i.p.). Nephroprotective activity was investigated by the administration of EECC at two different doses (100 and 200mg/kg body weight, p.o) for 28 days and by assessing serum parameters, renal oxidative stress markers and histopathological studies. Gentamicin-treated animals showed an increase in serum creatinine, uric acid, urea, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decrease in total protein, reduced glutathione (GSH), and catalase(CAT) compared to normal control animals, which indicates severe nephrotoxicity. Histopathological studies of kidney Gentamicin-treated animals showed extensive acute tubular necrosis and peri-tubular inflammation. Administration of EECC showed a significant improvement (p<0.05) in biochemical and oxidative stress markers compared to the disease group. EECC treated groups showed better histological appearance when compared to the disease group. Ethanolic extract of Carissa carandas Linn. Leaves showed significant nephroprotective activity against gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury.

scholarly journals Ameliorative effect of Cubeba Officinalis dried fruits against Tacrolimus induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 596-602
Author(s):  
Suman S ◽  
Hayagreeva Dinakar Y ◽  
Suhas reddy P V ◽  
Sai Sudha Yadav B ◽  
Venkateshwar Reddy V
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Dried Fruits ◽  
Main Adverse Effect ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Nephroprotective Activity ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Cubeba Officinalis is traditionally effective in the treatment of various kidney ailments, and the main adverse effect of tacrolimus is nephrotoxicity. There is no documented evidence about the ameliorative potential of Cubeba Officinalis in tacrolimus induced nephrotoxicity. The main endeavor of the study was to determine the nephroprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Cubeba Officinalis dried fruits against tacrolimus induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. The Cubeba Officinalis dried fruits were collected from the local market, and Male albino rats weighing 200-250 g were used for the study. The dose of is lower 200mg/kg, higher dose 400 mg/kg of test drug (EECO) was used, and silymarin is used as the standard at the dose of 20 mg/kg. The animals were divided into five groups, six animals each, which is started prior to oral administration of tacrolimus and continued with the fourteen days tacrolimus treatment. After the whole period of study, the rats were sacrificed, and histopathological studies and biochemical estimations were carried out. The BUN values  were decreased from 33.60±3.84 in nephrotoxic rats to 28.27±2.48 (200mg/kg) and 20.70±0.81 (400mg/kg),creatinine levels from 1.645±0.21 to 0.926±0.19 (200mg/kg) and 0.638±0.07(400 mg/kg),uric acid levels from 1.822±0.249 to 1.092±0.306 (200 mg/kg) and 0.806±0.181 (400 mg/kg) sodium, potassium and chloride levels from 1.607± 0.091, 2.548± 0.293 and 259.8±6.42 to 1.302± 0.169 , 1.023±0.174 and 134.7±9.138 (200mg/kg of EECO) and 0.586±0.092 , 0.831±0.174 and 130.2±2.29 (400mg/kg of EECO). The Ethanolic extract of cubeba officinalis was found to be effective in treating the nephrotoxicity in tacrolimus induced nephrotoxicity.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective effect of methanolic extract of Sargassum wightii on rotenone-induced parkinsonism-like symptoms in Wistar albino rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-475
Author(s):  
Sradhasini Rout ◽  
Bandana Rath ◽  
Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra ◽  
Anjan Kumar ◽  
Ishani Rath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dopamine Level ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Sargassum Wightii ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Introduction: The pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is multifactorial in which oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction are the leading factors. Currently, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents of natural sources as neuroprotectants have raised much attention. The current study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effect of methanolic extract of Sargassum wightii in male Wistar albino rats against rotenone-induced PD. Methods: The rats were administered with rotenone (10 mg/kg orally) daily for 28 days to induce PD. S. wightii (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) and levodopa+carbidopa combination (10 mg/kg) were administered to different groups of rats one hour prior to rotenone for 28 days. Behavioral parameters (akinesia, tremor, motor coordination, and locomotor activities) and body weight were recorded on days 14th and 28th of drug treatment. On the 28th day, the animals were sacrificed for the neurobiochemical analyses of brain tissue. Results: Rotenone treatment caused a significant reduction in behavioural parameters (P < 0.001), neurochemical deficits (P < 0.001), and elevation of oxidative stress markers (P < 0.001) in the brain. Pre-treatment with S. wightii at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses significantly attenuated the rotenone-induced behavioral alterations and restored the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase activity and dopamine level in the striatum (P < 0.001). Moreover, 400 mg/kg of S. wightii restored the rotenone-induced increased oxidative stress markers like malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the striatum (P < 0.01). Conclusion: S. wightii has provided a neuroprotective effect, probably by virtue of its antioxidant and dopamine restoring potential. Hence, it may offer a promising and new therapeutic lead for the treatment of PD but needs further research.

scholarly journals THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF NYMPHAEA ALBA LINN. FLOWERS AGAINST ISONIAZID-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nasiruddin ◽  
Irfan Ahmad Khan ◽  
Sayeedul Hasan Arif
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Marker Enzymes ◽  
Liver Marker Enzymes ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Significant Reversal ◽  
Nymphaea Alba ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of Nymphaea alba (NAEE) Linn. flowers on liver marker enzymes, histology, and antioxidant tests against isoniazid (INH)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.Methods: Wistar albino rats were treated with INH (50 mg/kg) for 28 days to induce hepatotoxicity. Silymarin (100 mg/kg) and NAEE Linn flowers in 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses, respectively, were used as standard and test drugs. Liver marker enzymes and histological examination of livers were performed to demonstrate the effect of NAEE against INH-induced hepatotoxicity. Catalase [CAT], glutathione, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated to evaluate the antioxidant property of the NAEE extract.Results: The NAEE extract in 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses significantly decreased INH-induced elevation of liver marker enzymes as well as oxidative stress markers (CAT, glutathione, and MDA) in rats. Changes in biochemical parameters were supported by histological improvements of the liver.Conclusion: The NAEE Linn flowers in 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses showed a significant reversal of hepatic damage which was induced by INH in rats.

scholarly journals Amelioration of Diabetic Nephropathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats by Acacia catechu Leaves Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
Prima D’souza ◽  
Rajendra Holla ◽  
Gangadhara Swamy
Keyword(s):  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Group B ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Acacia Catechu

Abstract Objective The present study was performed to evaluate the ethanolic extract of leaves of Acacia catechu (A. catechu) for its effect on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) and its renal complications in male Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods Male Wistar albino rats were grouped into control (A), STZ-induced DM (B), STZ-induced DM rats with A. catechu orally of 75 mg/kg body weight (kbw) for 35 days (C), with each group having six rats (n = 6) weighing between 200 to 250 g each. Group A receives only water, orally; group B receives a single dose of STZ at 45 mg/kbw intraperitoneal administration (IP); group C receives STZ IP and oral A. catechu for 35 days. On the 36th day, animals were euthanized, the kidney tissues were analyzed for biochemical parameters, such as GOT (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase), GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase), oxidative stress assessment parameters, and histopathological studies. Results In group C rats, activities of the enzymes were nearer to group A when compared with group B. Histopathological findings were also suggesting that renal toxicity were observed at a lesser extent in group C. Conclusion The ethanolic extract of A. catechu signified as nephroprotective effect. The present data could provide adequate confirmation of the efficacy of ethanolic extract of leaves of A. catechu for further experimental studies on a standardized formulation.

scholarly journals Effect of Adhatoda zeylanica Ethanolic Extract on Attenuated Kidney in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prima Swetha D’souza ◽  
Rajendra Holla ◽  
Gangadhara Swamy
Keyword(s):  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Group B ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Group D

Abstract Objective The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of Adhatoda zeylanica (EAZ) leaves on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) and its renal complications in male Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods Adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly selected from a colony, divided into four groups, namely, A, B, C, and D, with each having six rats (n = 6) and each weighing between 200 and 250 g. Group A served as control and received only water per oral (p.o.). Group B, C, and D animals received a single dose of STZ at 45 mg/kg body weight (kbw) intraperitoneal administration (i.p.) on day 1 and observed for fasting blood glucose (FBG) to induce DM for next 72 hours. After the DM was induced, group B served as DM control, group C received the standard drug glibenclamide (GL) at 5 mg/kbw p.o. once daily, and group D received EAZ of 500 mg/kbw p.o. once daily for 35 days. After the observation period, the animals were euthanized, serum creatinine and blood urea, antioxidants in the kidney tissue homogenate, and histopathological studies were assessed to know the ameliorative effect of the test drugs. Results Renal parameters, such as serum creatinine, blood urea, antioxidants activities, in group D were nearer to the control when compared with groups B and C. Histopathological studies revealed that there was minimal renal damage in group D when compared with groups B and C. Conclusion Administration of ethanolic EAZ showed significant ameliorative effects on the FBG, biochemical, oxidative, and histopathological parameters on kidney tissues treated with STZ to induce DM.

scholarly journals STUDY OF CHRONIC EFFECTS OF VARYING DOSAGE OF X-RAYS ON HEPATOTOXICITY IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Debajit C ◽  
Reshma K ◽  
Sudha K ◽  
Chiranth Chiranth ◽  
Rahul Rahul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Structural Architecture ◽  
Histopathological Studies

 Objective: This study focuses on the chronic effects of various doses of radiation in the liver of albino Wistar rats subjected to irradiation using X-rays.Materials and Methods: In the present study, albino Wistar rats were exposed to various doses of X-rays (4 Gy, 6 Gy, and 6.6 Gy) and the animals were observed for 30 days, following which they were sacrificed and liver tissue, being one of the targets of radiation-induced damage was analyzed for the oxidative stress markers, namely, reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and lipid peroxidation indicator, and malondialdehyde (MDA). Histopathological studies of the liver were also performed.Results: Indicated that there was a significant increase in GSH and SOD levels in the animals exposed to radiation compared to controls (p<0.05). A decrease in these values was observed at 6.6 Gy compared to 6 Gy which was non-significant. However, there was a significant and consistent decrease in catalase and a similar increase in MDA with increased doses of X rays (p<0.05). Damage in hepatic structural architecture and disruption of central vein correlated positively with increased doses of X rays.Conclusion: Our study strongly supports the hypothesis of the involvement of free radicals in radiation-induced damage to living systems.

scholarly journals Nephroprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark against acetaminophen induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4-s) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
MD Quyamuddin ◽  
Pawan Kumar ◽  
Sokindra Kumar ◽  
MD RAFIUL HAQUE
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽  
Nephroprotective Activity

Objective: To investigate the protective activity of ethanolic extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark (EECZB) against acetaminophen induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats. Methods: Wistar albino rats (150-200 g) were divided into six groups and toxicity was induced by acetaminophen (750 mg/kg) for 10 days. 100 and 200 mg/kg of ethanolic extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark and 100 mg/kg of silymarin as a reference standard was treated to rats 2 h before acetaminophen administration. Various biochemical parameters like serum urea, serum creatinine, uric acid and total protein levels and antioxidant activity were determined. Histopathological analyses of kidney injury were also determined. Result: Treatment with ethanolic extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark (100, 200 mg/kg, bw) significantly (p˂0.001, p˂0.01) decreased serum urea and serum creatinine as compared with acetaminophen rats. Decreased levels of uric acid and total protein were also significantly restored with extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark treatment. Silymarin significantly (p˂0.001) decreased serum urea and serum creatinine as compared with acetaminophen rats. It is also significantly restored the altered levels of SOD, CAT and GSH in kidney tissue. Apart from these, extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark treatment also reduced histopathological alteration induced by acetaminophen in kidney. Conclusion: It was observed that ethanolic extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark has a significant nephroprotective activity against acetaminophen induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats. Keywords: Cinnamomum zeylanicum, acetaminophen, nephroprotective activity.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS IN CHRONIC CONSUMPTION OF MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE ON LIVER OF WISTAR ALBINO RATS

2021 ◽  
pp. 116-119
Author(s):  
SURENDRA BABU THANGACHI ◽  
VARSHA SRIRAM MOKHASI ◽  
AGA AMMAR MURTHUZA
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Objective: The study was intended to explore whether Monosodium glutamate (MSG) induces oxidative stress on the liver of Wistar albino rats when fed chronically at three different doses, namely, low, mid, and high doses identical to human consumption doses in growing countries. Methods: The acclimatized Wistar albino rats (n=24) were randomly selected and grouped into four groups, namely Control, Low dose MSG (180 mg kg), Mid dose MSG (360 mg/kg), and High dose MSG (720 mg/kg). The animals were orally administered MSG for 120 days. After completion of the experimental period (120 days), euthanized animal liver was homogenized to investigate the oxidative stress marker enzymes such as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Catalase (CAT), and Myeloperoxidase (MPO). Results: The MPO showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in liver homogenate of all MSG induced groups when compared to control group. The SOD, CAT, and GPx activity deteriorated (p<0.05) in monosodium induced groups contrasting to the control group. Conclusion: The effects of MSG on oxidative stress markers on liver homogenate in the current study exhibited erratic abnormal changes in oxidative stress markers of monosodium induced groups which contemplate the harmful effects of MSG consumed chronically. The further studies should confirm the genetic basis of oxidative stress damage and transform the safety regulations of MSG consumption throughout the world.

The effect of baicalein on endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy on liver damage

2021 ◽  
pp. 096032712110036
Author(s):  
MC Üstüner ◽  
C Tanrikut ◽  
D Üstüner ◽  
UK Kolaç ◽  
Z Özdemir Köroğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Activating Transcription Factor 4 ◽  
Activating Transcription Factor ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a toxic chemical that causes liver injury. CCl4 triggers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR triggers autophagy to deal with the damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of baicalein, derived from Scutellaria baicalensis, on CCl4-induced liver damage concerning ER stress and autophagy. Two groups of Wistar albino rats (n = 7/groups) were treated with 0.2 ml/kg CCl4 for 10 days with and without baicalein. Histological and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, autophagy, and ER stress markers measurements were carried out to evaluate the effect of baicalein. Histological examinations showed that baicalein reduced liver damage. TEM analysis indicated that baicalein inhibited ER stress and triggered autophagy. CCl4-induced elevation of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), glucose-regulating protein 78 (GRP78), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), inositol requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), pancreatic ER kinase (PERK), and active/spliced form of X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1s) ER stress markers were decreased by baicalein. Baicalein also increased the autophagy-related 5 (ATG5), Beclin1, and Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3-phosphatidylethanolamine-conjugated form (LC3-II) autophagy marker levels. In conclusion, baicalein reduced the CCl4-induced liver damage by inhibiting ER stress and the trigger of autophagy.

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