scholarly journals Amelioration of Diabetic Nephropathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats by Acacia catechu Leaves Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
Prima D’souza ◽  
Rajendra Holla ◽  
Gangadhara Swamy
Keyword(s):  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Group B ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Acacia Catechu

Abstract Objective The present study was performed to evaluate the ethanolic extract of leaves of Acacia catechu (A. catechu) for its effect on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) and its renal complications in male Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods Male Wistar albino rats were grouped into control (A), STZ-induced DM (B), STZ-induced DM rats with A. catechu orally of 75 mg/kg body weight (kbw) for 35 days (C), with each group having six rats (n = 6) weighing between 200 to 250 g each. Group A receives only water, orally; group B receives a single dose of STZ at 45 mg/kbw intraperitoneal administration (IP); group C receives STZ IP and oral A. catechu for 35 days. On the 36th day, animals were euthanized, the kidney tissues were analyzed for biochemical parameters, such as GOT (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase), GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase), oxidative stress assessment parameters, and histopathological studies. Results In group C rats, activities of the enzymes were nearer to group A when compared with group B. Histopathological findings were also suggesting that renal toxicity were observed at a lesser extent in group C. Conclusion The ethanolic extract of A. catechu signified as nephroprotective effect. The present data could provide adequate confirmation of the efficacy of ethanolic extract of leaves of A. catechu for further experimental studies on a standardized formulation.

scholarly journals Effect of Adhatoda zeylanica Ethanolic Extract on Attenuated Kidney in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prima Swetha D’souza ◽  
Rajendra Holla ◽  
Gangadhara Swamy
Keyword(s):  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Group B ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Group D

Abstract Objective The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of Adhatoda zeylanica (EAZ) leaves on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) and its renal complications in male Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods Adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly selected from a colony, divided into four groups, namely, A, B, C, and D, with each having six rats (n = 6) and each weighing between 200 and 250 g. Group A served as control and received only water per oral (p.o.). Group B, C, and D animals received a single dose of STZ at 45 mg/kg body weight (kbw) intraperitoneal administration (i.p.) on day 1 and observed for fasting blood glucose (FBG) to induce DM for next 72 hours. After the DM was induced, group B served as DM control, group C received the standard drug glibenclamide (GL) at 5 mg/kbw p.o. once daily, and group D received EAZ of 500 mg/kbw p.o. once daily for 35 days. After the observation period, the animals were euthanized, serum creatinine and blood urea, antioxidants in the kidney tissue homogenate, and histopathological studies were assessed to know the ameliorative effect of the test drugs. Results Renal parameters, such as serum creatinine, blood urea, antioxidants activities, in group D were nearer to the control when compared with groups B and C. Histopathological studies revealed that there was minimal renal damage in group D when compared with groups B and C. Conclusion Administration of ethanolic EAZ showed significant ameliorative effects on the FBG, biochemical, oxidative, and histopathological parameters on kidney tissues treated with STZ to induce DM.

scholarly journals Ameliorative effect of Cubeba Officinalis dried fruits against Tacrolimus induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 596-602
Author(s):  
Suman S ◽  
Hayagreeva Dinakar Y ◽  
Suhas reddy P V ◽  
Sai Sudha Yadav B ◽  
Venkateshwar Reddy V
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Dried Fruits ◽  
Main Adverse Effect ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Nephroprotective Activity ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Cubeba Officinalis is traditionally effective in the treatment of various kidney ailments, and the main adverse effect of tacrolimus is nephrotoxicity. There is no documented evidence about the ameliorative potential of Cubeba Officinalis in tacrolimus induced nephrotoxicity. The main endeavor of the study was to determine the nephroprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Cubeba Officinalis dried fruits against tacrolimus induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. The Cubeba Officinalis dried fruits were collected from the local market, and Male albino rats weighing 200-250 g were used for the study. The dose of is lower 200mg/kg, higher dose 400 mg/kg of test drug (EECO) was used, and silymarin is used as the standard at the dose of 20 mg/kg. The animals were divided into five groups, six animals each, which is started prior to oral administration of tacrolimus and continued with the fourteen days tacrolimus treatment. After the whole period of study, the rats were sacrificed, and histopathological studies and biochemical estimations were carried out. The BUN values  were decreased from 33.60±3.84 in nephrotoxic rats to 28.27±2.48 (200mg/kg) and 20.70±0.81 (400mg/kg),creatinine levels from 1.645±0.21 to 0.926±0.19 (200mg/kg) and 0.638±0.07(400 mg/kg),uric acid levels from 1.822±0.249 to 1.092±0.306 (200 mg/kg) and 0.806±0.181 (400 mg/kg) sodium, potassium and chloride levels from 1.607± 0.091, 2.548± 0.293 and 259.8±6.42 to 1.302± 0.169 , 1.023±0.174 and 134.7±9.138 (200mg/kg of EECO) and 0.586±0.092 , 0.831±0.174 and 130.2±2.29 (400mg/kg of EECO). The Ethanolic extract of cubeba officinalis was found to be effective in treating the nephrotoxicity in tacrolimus induced nephrotoxicity.

scholarly journals Effect of Cleome gynandra leaf extract on the estrous cycle and histology of the ovary and uterus of wistar albino rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1385-1394
Author(s):  
Lemuel Ann Monima ◽  
Muhammad Buhari ◽  
Sodiq Lawal ◽  
Echoru Isaac ◽  
Ssempijja Fred ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Cleome Gynandra ◽  
Group A ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Group B

Cleome gynandra is a medicinal plant that is used all over Uganda to hasten childbirth because, it possesses the ability to contract the uterus. It is also used as an abortifacient in the first trimester. In this study, the effects of Cleome gynandra were investigated on the estrous cycle and the histology of the ovary and uterus of adult Wistar rat. Twelve adult female Wistar rats of 130-140g average weight were used. These were divided into three groups of four animals each. Group A received distilled water only, while animals in groups B and C received 250mg/kg body weight and 500mg/kg body weight of extract, orally and daily respectively. Monitoring of estrous cycle continued throughout the three weeks of extract administration. After three weeks, the ovaries and uteri were excised and processed for histological examination. In the ovary, there was a reduction in number of primordia, primary, secondary and graafian follicles in the treated groups. Vacuolations were common to both the ovarian and uterine tissues of treated animals. The estrous cycle of Group B and C, showed a mild disruption when compared to animals in Group A. The results showed that the plant extract studied, exerted negative influences on the estrous cycle and histology of the ovary and uterus of Wistar albino rats, suggesting a disturbance on the reproductive health of the animals. Further studies to determine the mechanism of action of Cleome gynandra on the ovary and uterus and the levels of FSH, LH, estradiol and progesterone is recommended.Key Words: Cleome gynandra, estrous cycle, Wistar albino rats, ovarian follicles.

scholarly journals Evaluation of wound healing potentials of neem (Azadirachtaindica) leaf extract on excision wounds in Wistar albino rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Olorunsola ◽  
F. Oke ◽  
A. S. Bagbe ◽  
O. A. Ayeyinbo
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Wound Closure ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Orthodox Medicine ◽  
Procaine Penicillin ◽  
Group A ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Group B

This study was carried out to evaluate the wound healing ability of ethanoic leaf extract of Azadirachta indica, incorporated into the feed of albino rats. Twenty-four (24) albino rats of both sexes weighing between 90 to 125g were randomly selected and divided into three (3) groups of 8 rats each. Animals in each group were divided into four (4) replicates of two (2) rats per replicate. Group A had penicillin, group B had neem ointment and group C had Neem incorporated in the feed. The ethanoic leaf extract of Azadirachta indica showed a significantly higher (p<0.05) contraction rate and shortened wound closure time. The healing was 92% (p<0.05) on 10th day compared to 75% and 82% of healing with ground leaf of A. indica incorporated into the feed (neem + feed) and procaine penicillin, respectively. The complete wound closure took place on the 12th day in the case of ethanoic leaf extract of Azadirachta indica while, neem + feed and procaine penicillin the wounds persisted than12th day. The study concluded that the ethanoic leaf extract of A. indica had better potential wound healing activity for excision wounds; justifying its use in the traditional and orthodox medicine.

scholarly journals Protective effects of vitamin E on central nervous system in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibel Canbaz Kabay ◽  
Hilmi Ozden ◽  
Gul Guven ◽  
M Cengiz Ustuner ◽  
Irfan Degirmenci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Objective: To evaluate the histopathological and antioxidant effects of vitamin E (VE) treatment on brain tissue in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty two male Wistar albino rats were used. The study comprised four groups of 8 rats: Group A - untreated group, group B - diabetic group, group C - VE and group D - diabetic plus VE. In the diabetic groups, diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg/kg STZ. Vitamin E was given 50 mg/kg/day i.p. for three weeks. Concentrations of glucose, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were detected in the haemolysate. Results: Glucose concentrations were increased in the blood of the STZ-treated rats compared with those in the diabetic groups (group B and D). The MDA concentrations in the brain from diabetic rats increased, whereas the GPx, SOD, CAT concentrations decreased. Treatment with VE returned concentrations of MDA, GPx, SOD and CAT toward control values. The MDA concentration in the diabetic group (20.65±2.24 nmol/mg Hb) was decreased compared with the VE treated group (15.54±1.32 nmol/mg Hb). There were no pathological differences between untreated and VE treated rats’ brains. Neuronal ischemic damages were determined in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Ischemic neuronal alterations in group B (diabetic) had more damage than group D (diabetic + VE). Conclusion: The study revealed neuroprotective effects of VE on ischemic damage in diabetic central neuronal cells, caused by diabetic oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Effect of Oral Administration of the Leaf Extract of Uvaria chamae (Mmimi Ohia) in Albino Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Innocent S. I. Ogbu ◽  
Eugenia O. Okafor ◽  
Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu ◽  
Chinemerem C. Ogbu ◽  
Bessie Nonyelum. Esimai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Uvariachamae (vernacular; mmimiohia) belongs to the family Annonaceae. It is a small tree that grows wild to about 4.5 meters in the savanna and rain forest regions of Nigeria and other African countries. It is known to possess various medicinal and therapeutic properties. The biochemical and toxicological effects of its ethanolic leaf extract on Wistar albino rats were assessed in this study. Twenty albino rats grouped into 4 (5 animals in each group) were used. Group A served as control while groups B, C, D received 250, 500 and 1 000mg/kg body weight of the extract for a period of 30 days. The mean alkaline phosphatase activity of the control was 350±11.0Iu/l as against 490±38.00, 630±60, and 370±20 for groups B, C, and D (p =0.01, ˃0.05, 0,001) respectively. The mean serum urea concentration of the control was 5.00±0.19mg/dl as against 3.80±0.31, 3.30±0.28 and 3.50±0.18mg/dl (p=0.01, 0.001, 0.001) for groups B, C, D respectively. The extract had no significant effects on the liver enzymes, ALT and AST, serum sodium, potassium, chloride as well as creatinine of the rats. Serum bicarbonate was raised significantly, 26.00±0.53, 28.00±0.60, 27.00±1.10, 29.00±1.10 for groups B, C, D (p= 0.042, ˃0.05, 0.043) respectively. Histological studies showed no abnormality in the kidneys and mild peri-portal lymphocytic infiltration of the liver. Phytochemical analyses of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, resins, proteins terpenoids and reducing sugar. Hence, ethanolic extract of leaves of Uvaria chamae has no serious deleterious effects on Wistar albino rats and may be safely used in traditional medical practice.

scholarly journals Nephroprotective Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Carissa carandas Leaves against Gentamicin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Wistar Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 279-286
Author(s):  
V. V. Rajesham ◽  
Hima Sowmya Kandoti ◽  
Mitta Raghavendra ◽  
P. Roshan Ali ◽  
T. Rama Rao
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Disease Group ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Carissa Carandas ◽  
Nephroprotective Activity ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Histopathological Studies

The present study was aimed to evaluate the nephroprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Carissa carandas Linn. Leaves (EECC) in Gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. The renal damage was induced by Gentamicin (80mg/kg body weight, i.p.). Nephroprotective activity was investigated by the administration of EECC at two different doses (100 and 200mg/kg body weight, p.o) for 28 days and by assessing serum parameters, renal oxidative stress markers and histopathological studies. Gentamicin-treated animals showed an increase in serum creatinine, uric acid, urea, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decrease in total protein, reduced glutathione (GSH), and catalase(CAT) compared to normal control animals, which indicates severe nephrotoxicity. Histopathological studies of kidney Gentamicin-treated animals showed extensive acute tubular necrosis and peri-tubular inflammation. Administration of EECC showed a significant improvement (p<0.05) in biochemical and oxidative stress markers compared to the disease group. EECC treated groups showed better histological appearance when compared to the disease group. Ethanolic extract of Carissa carandas Linn. Leaves showed significant nephroprotective activity against gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury.

scholarly journals Histological Changes in Proximal and Distal Convoluted Tubules of Kidney of Albino Rats after Exposure to Mosquito Coil Smoke Inhalation

Esculapio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4 (oct 2020 - dec 2020)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazia Siddique ◽  
Masooma Ahmed ◽  
Maria Ilyas ◽  
Rukhsana Jabeen ◽  
Abdul Hannan Jawad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Smoke Inhalation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Mosquito Coil ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Group B ◽  
Convoluted Tubules

Objective: To evaluate the effects of the mosquito coil smoke (MCS) inhalation on histology of proximal (PCT) and distal (DCT) convoluted tubules of kidney in Wistar Albino rats. Methods: This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of PGMI, Lahore. 24 Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups, each containing eight animals. Group A was control; Group B and C were experimental groups and were exposed to mosquito coil smoke inhalation for 8 hours/day for two and four weeks respectively. Kidney tissue of albino rats was dissected, examined and analyzed histologically. Results: The results of MCS inhalation in histological sections of group B and C showed marked cellular necrosis and vacuolization in PCT (proximal convoluted tubule) of the kidney as compared to the group A. protein cast was absent in PCT of all groups. DCT (distal convoluted tubules) in group B and C showed marked necrosis, vacuolization and protein cast. Necrosis was more marked in group C treated with mosquito coil smoke for 4 weeks. Conclusion: The results indicate that pyrethroids in mosquito coil smoke though considered least toxic pesticides, are very harmful. Exposure of pyrethroids can induce adverse changes in tubules of kidney. Key Words: MCS Mosquito Coil Smoke, Pyrethroids, PCT Proximal convoluted tubules, DCT Distal convoluted tubules. How to Cite: Siddique N, Ahmed M, Ilyas M, Jabeen R, Jawad A.H, Iqbal Z. histological changes in proximal and distal convoluted tubules of kidney of albino rats after exposure to mosquito coil smoke inhalation. Esculapio.2020;16(04):87-91.

scholarly journals “SUPPLEMENTATION OF ZINC IN ACUTE AND CHRONIC HEAT STRESS ON ANTIOXIDANT CHANGES IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS”

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Antony Madhuri Bedadala ◽  
Anthony David M
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Group A ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Heat stress is a major health burden with potential health out-comes. Oxidative stress is a metabolic dysfunction that carries oxidative damage of cells and tissues. Zinc is a co-factor against oxidative stress. Aim: The present study was done to evaluate the Supplementation of zinc in acute and chronic heat stress on antioxidant changes in wistar albino rats. Methodology: 36 Wistar albino rats were selected for the study. They were divided into 2 Groups. Group A was acutely and Group B was chronically heat stressed rats and both were zinc pretreated. The Enzymatic and Non enzyme activity in them were estimated. Results: After acute and chronic heat stress, i) there was a significant increase (P <0.001) in lipid peroxidation activity. ii) Enzymatic and Non-enzymatic antioxidants were reduced (P < 0.001) iii) Rats pretreated with zinc showed a decrease (P< 0.001) in lipid peroxidation and increase (P < 0.001) in enzymatic antioxidants (P < 0.001) and Non enzymatic antioxidants. Key Words: antioxidants, heat stress, wistar albino rats

scholarly journals The acute effects of different spironolactone doses on cardiac function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 1343-1350
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Vranic ◽  
Stefan Simovic ◽  
Petar Ristic ◽  
Tamara Nikolic ◽  
Isidora Stojic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Currently, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of global mortality, while diabetes mellitus remains an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity. A recent study showed that patients with diabetes mellitus treated with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists have improved coronary microvascular function, leading to improved diastolic dysfunction. In this study, we evaluated the influence of acute administration of spironolactone on myocardial function in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, with special emphasis on cardiodynamic parameters in diabetic rat hearts. The present study was carried out on 40 adult male Wistar albino rats (8 weeks old). Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 animals per group): healthy rats treated with 0.1 μmol/L of spironolactone, diabetic rats treated with 0.1 μmol/L of spironolactone, healthy rats treated with 3 μmol/L of spironolactone, and diabetic rats treated with 3 μmol/L of spironolactone. Different, dose-dependent, acute responses of spironolactone treatment on isolated, working diabetic and healthy rat heart were observed in our study. In healthy rats, better systolic function was achieved with higher spironolactone dose, while in diabetic rats, similar effects of low and high spironolactone dose were observed.

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