scholarly journals A Review of the Hardened Properties of Eco-Friendly Concrete Containing Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Dheeraj Sharma ◽  
Yash Agrawal ◽  
Trilok Gupta ◽  
Ravi Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Heat Of Hydration ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Chloride Ion Penetration ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Cement Manufacture ◽  
Lower Porosity ◽  
Hardened Properties ◽  
Global Carbon

Cement manufacture depletes natural resources, requires significant energy usage, and emits large quantities of greenhouse gases. Roughly one tonne of carbon dioxide is released by ordinary Portland cement, which is roughly 7% of global carbon dioxide generation. In concrete production GGBS can be a partial alternative of cement. GGBS is produced by finely grinding of molten slag generated by the process of extraction of iron from ore. In this study the concrete properties incorporating GGBS is reviewed. The hardened properties of concrete incorporating GGBS are discussed. The cement replacement of about 35-40% by GGBS in concrete demonstrates various advantages like less heat of hydration, increase in ductility, increase in strength, reduction in carbon emission and better aesthetics. GGBS improves the durability properties of concrete, such as higher resistance to sulphate attack, increased resistance to alkali-silica reaction, reduced chloride ion penetration which enhances corrosion resistance. Denser microstructure and lower porosity due to the addition of GGBS, which in turn enhances the durability of concrete. With the use of GGBS in concrete, cement content can be reduced, which turns into an eco-friendly solution.

scholarly journals Copper Slag of Pyroxene Composition as a Partial Replacement of Natural Aggregate for Concrete Production

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Sandra Filipović ◽  
Olivera Đokić ◽  
Aleksandar Radević ◽  
Dimitrije Zakić
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Copper Slag ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
Silicon Iron ◽  
Low Resistance ◽  
Natural Aggregate ◽  
Chloride Ion Penetration ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Technical Properties

Copper slag, a by-product of the pyrometallurgical process used for obtaining copper from copper ore in Bor, Serbia, contains mainly silicon, iron, calcium, and aluminium oxides. Due to such properties, it is disposed of in landfills. Despite the favourable technical properties copper slag aggregates possess, such as low-water absorption (WA24 0.6%), low resistance to fragmentation (LA 10%), and low resistance to wear (MDE 4%), its use in the construction industry is still limited. The results of testing the technical properties of copper slag aggregates (CSAs) as a potential replacement for natural river aggregate (RA) are presented in this paper. The experiments included tests on three concrete mixtures with partial replacement of coarse natural aggregate with copper slag. The replacement of RA particle sizes of 8/16 mm and 16/31.5 mm with CSA in the amount of 20% + 50% and 50% + 50% resulted in an increase in the compressive strength of 12.4% and 10.5%, respectively. The increase of CSA content led to a decrease in water penetration resistance and salt-frost resistance of concrete, whereas the resistance to chloride ion penetration did not change significantly.

scholarly journals Recycled Plastic and Cork Waste for Structural Lightweight Concrete Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Parra ◽  
Eva M. Sánchez ◽  
Isabel Miñano ◽  
Francisco Benito ◽  
Pilar Hidalgo
Keyword(s):  
Compression Strength ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Lightweight Aggregates ◽  
Chloride Ion Penetration ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Strength And Durability

The use of waste materials as lightweight aggregates in concrete is highly recommended in seismic risk areas and environmentally recommended. However, reaching the strength needed for the concrete to be used structurally may be challenging. In this study four dosages were assayed: the first two-specimen had high cement content (550 and 700 kg/m3 respectively), Nanosilica, fly ash and superplasticizer. These samples were high performance, reaching a strength of 100MPa at 90 days. The other two mixtures were identical but replaced 48% of the aggregates with recycled lightweight aggregates (30% polypropylene, 18.5% cork). To estimate its strength and durability the mixtures were subjected to several tests. Compression strength, elasticity modulus, mercury intrusion porosimetry, carbonation, attack by chlorides, and penetration of water under pressure were analyzed. The compression strength and density of the lightweight mixtures were reduced 68% and 19% respectively; nonetheless, both retained valid levels for structural use (over 30MPa at 90 days). Results, such as the total porosity between 9.83% and 17.75% or the chloride ion penetration between 8.6 and 5.9mm, suggest that the durability of these concretes, including the lightweight ones, is bound to be very high thanks to a very low porosity and high resistance to chemical attacks.

scholarly journals Cutting the Carbon from Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (02) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
R.P. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Carbon

Abstract The production of concrete is responsible, by some estimates, for as much as 10 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions, enough to be considered a major contributor. Given the impact that has now become apparent, research teams around the world are pursuing a number of impressive and effective technologies to reduce the carbon footprint of concrete production and use as a top priority. Some are being deployed cost-effectively today, while other, potentially even better solutions, are being developed in labs. This article delves deeper into some of these solutions and the challenges in their adoption.

Effects of Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast-Furnaces Slag on Properties of High-Strength Concrete

2009 ◽  
Vol 405-406 ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Liang Wang ◽  
Kai Min Niu ◽  
Zhi Feng Yang ◽  
Ming Kai Zhou ◽  
Li Qun Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
High Strength Concrete ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Volume Stability ◽  
Strength Concrete ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Chloride Ion Penetration ◽  
Ameliorative Effect

Effects of fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) on workability, strength, volume stability and durability of HSC are investigated. Results show that fly ash and GGBFS can improve the workability, increase the later strength of high strength concrete (HSC) remarkably, and reduce the brittleness. In addition, the ameliorative effect of GGBFS on HSC brittleness is more remarkable. With the increase of fly ash and GGBFS, the early elastic modulus of HSC reduces. The elastic modulus is similar to the controlled sample when the load is applied after 60d curing. The fly ash and GGBFS can improve HSC’s resistance to chloride ion penetration significantly. However, the effects of fly ash and GGBFS on freezing-hawing resistance of HSC are not obvious. Besides, the fly ash will reduce freezing-hawing resistance of HSC only when the content of mineral powder is up to 36%.

scholarly journals Engineering Properties of Concrete Made with Coal Bottom Ash as Sustainable Construction Materials

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-194
Author(s):  
Fanny Monika ◽  
Hakas Prayuda ◽  
Martyana Dwi Cahyati ◽  
Erwiena Nurmala Augustin ◽  
Hilal Aulia Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Hardened Properties

Concrete is considered one of the construction materials that contribute the most significant carbon dioxide in the world. Meanwhile, according to various studies, concrete production will continue to rise through 2050, especially in developing countries. According to several reports, cement manufacture is one of the largest sources of carbon dioxide in the concrete sector. In addition, overexploitation of aggregates due to concrete production also causes unavoidable natural damage. Bottom ash waste was used as a replacement for cement and fine aggregate as sustainable construction materials. It is envisaged that this research would allow industrial waste to be utilized to its full potential, resulting in a concrete that is more environmentally friendly and minimizes carbon dioxide emissions during the manufacturing process. This study is divided into bottom ash as a cement substitute and bottom ash as a fine aggregate substitute. The engineering properties of the concrete were checked during the experiments in this study when it was fresh and hardened states. The slump test is used to determine the workability of fresh concrete. While for the hardened properties tests consist of compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and mass density. The usage of bottom ash as a cement replacement demonstrates that as the composition of bottom ash increases, the performance of the hardened properties of concrete decreases. While using bottom ash as a fine aggregate replacement reveals that the performance of hardened properties has improved as the proportion of bottom ash utilized has increased. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-01-014 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals An Overview of Behaviour of Concrete with Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as Partial Cement Replacement

2021 ◽  
Vol 933 (1) ◽  
pp. 012006
Author(s):  
R A T Cahyani ◽  
Y Rusdianto
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Concrete Properties ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Hardened Properties ◽  
Partial Cement Replacement ◽  
Furnace Slag

Abstract Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) is one of green construction materials that held benefits in producing sustainable and high-quality concrete. GGBFS is commonly used as supplementary cementitious materials in blended cement to reduce the need for Portland cement in mortar or concrete production. An overview of the utilization of GGBFS as partial cement replacement with regards to mortar and concrete properties is presented in this paper. The fresh properties of GGBFS mixes addressed include workability and setting time. While compressive strength, porosity, shrinkage, and resistance to sulfate attack are the reviewed hardened properties. Overall, various studies showed that incorporating GGBFS in mortar/concrete mixes significantly improves mortar/concrete properties depending on the GGBFS replacement ratios. It is anticipated that this review will provide valuable information for a better understanding of the fresh and hardened properties of GGBFS-blended mortar and concrete. Moreover, as there is a growing interest in optimal utilization of GGBFS in Indonesia’s cement and construction industry, this review paper intended to raising awareness of GGBBFS utility regarding its benefit for sustainable construction.

Durability of High-Volume GGBS Concrete

2011 ◽  
Vol 261-263 ◽  
pp. 338-343
Author(s):  
Ke Liang Li ◽  
Guo Hong Huang ◽  
Jun Lin ◽  
Xiu Sheng Tang
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Ion ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Lifetime Prediction ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Chloride Ion Penetration ◽  
Steel Bar ◽  
Carbonation Resistance ◽  
Lower Diffusion ◽  
Furnace Slag

To improve structure durability of Cao’e River Floodgate in China, durability and lifetime prediction of high-volume ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) concrete were investigated. Chloride ion permeability was analyzed with nature soaking method and RCM method. High-volume GGBS concrete had better capability to resist chloride ion penetration with lower diffusion coefficient of chloride ion than ordinary Portland concrete (OPC) had. Experiment of steel-bar corrosion in dry-wet environments proved that high-volume GGBS concrete had better performance to protect steel-bar than OPC had. In the sulfate solution, high-volume GGBS mortar bars only produced small expansion which was 40% of that of Portland cement mortar bars. The performance of frost resistance of high-volume GGBS concrete was favorable. GGBS debased the capability of carbonation resistance. Lifetime prediction illuminated high-volume GGBS concrete was beneficial to extended project lifespan. The results show that high-volume GGBS concrete can solve the facing durability problem of Cao’e River Floodgate.

Effect of Ground Phosphate Slag on the Resistance to Chloride Ion Penetration of Concrete

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 924-929
Author(s):  
Jian Xiong Ye ◽  
Ye Jiang Wang ◽  
Shuang Zhao ◽  
Ming Chao Yang ◽  
Chang Hui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Chloride Ion Penetration ◽  
Phosphate Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Ion Penetration

The permeability resistance of concrete with ground phosphate slag(GPS) against chloride ion penetration was tested according to ASTM1202 and by nitrogen adsorption method. Test results show that by adding ground phosphate slag to concrete, the chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete decreases, and the permeability resistance of concrete against chloride ion penetration increases with improvement of its pore structure. The pores in concrete are refined and the percentage of the pores with diameter less than 20nm in concrete increases. The improvement of pore structure of the concrete by ground phosphate slag is much better than that by the ground granulated blast furnace slag or fly ash, while the addition is 30 percent. The ability of additive to improve the permeability resistance of concrete against chloride ion penetration is in following order: fly ash > ground phosphate slag > ground granulated blast furnace slag.

scholarly journals Behaviour of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Concrete in Marine Environment under Chloride Attack

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1659-1664
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Chloride Ion Penetration ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Ion Penetration

In conventional concrete, one of the ingredients Cement is partially replaced by Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and its nature is studied in this project.. In the present paper, a comparison of Chloride ion penetration is been done on Concrete specimens with partial GGBS replacement. Two tests have been performed on the concrete specimens in both normal environment and artificial marine environment. One is the conventional RCPT and the other one is the chloride ion penetration test using silver nitrate. Comparison of both the tests under normal and marine environment is the main aim of this paper. After compiling the data both RCPT and the Chloride ion penetration test goes hand in hand and this proves the compatibility of the new chloride ion penetration test using silver nitrate. This work has the comparison of the concrete specimens in normal and marine environments as well with different levels of GGBS replacement.

Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Texas with High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete

2005 ◽  
Vol 1941 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy K. Estakhri ◽  
Donald Saylak
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Heat Of Hydration ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
High Volume Fly Ash ◽  
Concrete Production

The objective of this study was to determine the potential for reductions in carbon dioxide emissions in Texas by substituting high volumes of fly ash in concrete production and to identify the resulting benefits and challenges. Researchers reviewed the literature and determined that high-volume fly ash can improve the properties of both fresh and hardened concrete. It can improve workability, heat of hydration, strength, permeability, and resistance to chemical attack. Researchers compiled data from 18 power plants located throughout Texas and determined that 6.6 million tons of fly ash are produced annually in Texas and about 2.7 million tons (or 40%) are generally sold for use in concrete or other end products. Researchers estimated the production of concrete in Texas and determined that if 60% of the portland cement used in Texas concrete production were replaced with fly ash, carbon dioxide emissions could be reduced by 6.6 million tons annually by the year 2015. More education is needed for design engineers and for the concrete industry regarding the performance and environmental benefits that can be realized through increased use of fly ash in concrete.

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