Production of Serra da Estrela cheese from ultrafiltered sheep’s milk

2020 ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Andréia Maria Faion ◽  
Anne Luize Lupatini Menegotto ◽  
Ilizandra Aparecida Fernandes ◽  
Clarice Steffens ◽  
Juliana Steffens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Depth Index ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Serra Da Estrela ◽  
Serra Da Estrela Cheese

The objective of this study is to elaborate Serra da Estrela cheese with sheep's milk concentrate by ultrafiltration and characterize it in relation to protein, yield, proteolysis, amino acid profile, and acceptability. The cheese elaborated with concentrate milk (F2) presented an increase of 17% yield, and protein content was 2 times higher than cheese without concentrate milk (F1). On the 30thday of storage F2 presented an increase of the amino acids and also of proteolysis extension and depth index in relation to the 1st day. Also presented better sensorial characteristic in relation to F1. Were observed positive correlations (>0.85) between acceptability in relation to protein, depth index, extensionand extension index, valine, methionine, serine, phenylalanine aspartic acid, valine andproline. Cheese elaborated with concentrate milk and coagulated with thistle flower is one alternative to increase cheese yield with differential sensorial characteristics.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Protein Level and Amino Acid Profile in Eels (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard and Anguilla bicolor) of Lake Poso -

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Jamaluddin ◽  
Nur Atina ◽  
Yonelian Yuyun
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Anguilla Marmorata ◽  
Two Samples

In this study used a sample of eel fish species Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard and Anguilla bicolor from Poso lake that has a high protein content and is a fish endemic to Central Sulawesi. These eels are consumed by the surrounding community of the lake, but the nutritional content remains unknown. The present research was aimed to determine the protein level and amino acid profile of Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard and Anguilla bicolor eels. The protein level testing used Kjeldahl method, and amino acid profile used High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The results demonstrate the protein level of the two samples Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard eels have a protein content of 41.84% and Anguilla bicoloreels at 33.75%. Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard and Anguilla bicolor eels contain 18 types of amino acid, comprised of 9 types of essential amino acids and 9 types of non-essential amino acids. Of the two samples of eel species Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard and Anguilla bicolor, have complete protein quality because it has all kinds of essential amino acids.

scholarly journals Nutritional profile, protein quality, and biological value of raw and roasted cashew kernels (Anacardium occidentale) grown in southwest Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Olawale Paul Olatidoye ◽  
Taofik Akinyemi Shittu ◽  
Samuel Olusegun Anwonorin ◽  
Emmanuel Sunday Akin Ajisegiri
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Southwest Nigeria

Cashew kernels are one of the most concentrated food products due to their fat and protein content and they are used in puddings and bakery products, hence the determination of their protein quality is an important nutritional factor in dietary protein requirements. Therefore, the study aimed at evaluating the effect of roasting conditions on the protein quality of cashew kernels at the temperature of 100–160 °C and time (20–60 min), and then analysing for the amino acid profile by GC-FID; protein predicted efficiency ratio (P-PER), essential amino acid index (EAAI), and the Isoelectric point (pI). About 2.0 kg of dried cashew kernels used were defatted using chloroform/methanol (2:1/v/v) as the extraction solvent and then analysed using standard methods. The results showed that seventeen amino acids were present in cashew nuts, where glutamic acid (15.27g/100gN); aspartic acid (12.20g/100gN); lysine (6.09g/100g N), and phenylalanine (5.06g/100g N) were predominant. Eight essential amino acids were present in cashew kernels, the highest value of 7.33g/100g were for lysine (6.09g/100gN); 1.70g/100gN (histidine); 3.42g/100gN (threonine); 3.63g/100gN (valine); 3.57 g/100gN (isoleucine); 7.33g/100gN (leucine); and 5.06g/100gN (phenylalanine). Roasting reduced the lysine content by 18.4%, phenylalanine by 12.06%, and aspartic acid by 41.4% at 160°C for 60 min, while serine (58.9%); glutamic acid (19.7%); arginine (47.4%), and histidine (115.9%) were increased, suggesting that cashew nuts contain high quality protein. P-PER results were 2.57 (raw), 171-2.61 (roasted); EAAI is 1.55(raw) and 1.38-1.55 (roasted), BV% is 76.15 (raw) and 67.61-76.89 (roasted); the Isoelectric points were 4.65 (raw) and 3.87- 4.54 (roasted), The Leu/Ileu ratio was 2.12 (raw) and 2.01-2.67 (roasted). It was concluded that the heat treatment used does not significantly affect the amino acid profile of cashew kernels, thus preserving their nutritional quality.

scholarly journals Food supplements from a Grasshopper: A developmental stage-wise evaluation of amino acid profile, protein and vitamins in Brachystola magna (Girard)

2019 ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.B. Zamudio-Flores ◽  
M. Hernández -Gonzaléz ◽  
V.G. García- Cano
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Amino Acids Composition

Insects can be used as an easily accessible food supplement; however, for nutritional purposes it is necessary to consider its protein content, amino acids composition and vitamin content. In this study a nutritional characterization (protein content, amino acid profile and hydrosoluble and liposoluble vitamins) was performed to the Brachystola magna (Girard) grasshopper in four stages of its biological cycle (egg, nymph 3, nymph 4 and adult). In the adult stage the highest values of protein content (> 59%) were observed compared with the other stages of development. At all stages of B. magna the presence of 9 out of the 10 essential amino acids were detected (just tryptophan amino acid was absent). Significant increases in the fat-soluble vitamins (A, D and E) were observed as the stage of development of B. magna increased, with the increase of vitamin E of ≈ 662% in the adult stage; however, the water-soluble vitamins of the B complex remained constant at all stages, but vitamin C, which increased significantly in the adult stage of this insect cycle. Results suggest that Brachystola magna (Girard) could be a potential source of consumption for people with specific health needs.

scholarly journals The Influence of Ultra-High Diluted Compounds on the Growth and the Metabolites of Oriza sativa L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Saba Hosseinian ◽  
Christiane Maute ◽  
Fariba Rahimi ◽  
Cornellia Maute ◽  
Maryam Hamedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Response Percentage ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Ph Variations

Background: In the present research, we investigated the effects of the ultra-high dilutions (UHDs) on Oryza sativa L. (rice), physiological and biochemical variations. Methods: In order to study the effect of UHDs (Calendula officinalis in the dilution of 3×103X and Arnica montana in the dilution of 2 ×104 X), 28 experiments were designed and statistically analyzed via the Design Expert 7.0.1 software over the general factorial design methodology. Three qualitative factors were studied including the UHDs/placebo usage (A), sterile/non-sterile experimental condition (B) and the type and timing of the UHDs usage (C). The validated analysis was subjected into more studies on the variations in physiological growth, carbohydrate, protein content, pigment production, and amino acid patterns. Results: To evaluate the effects of UHDs on rice, we formed a desirable response percentage from a number of healthy seedling production, and studied the height percentage of the aerial parts and main roots. The statistical analysis resulted in the prediction model which was more than 97% correlates with experimental results. The results showed that the UHDs increased the pH variations, carbohydrate, protein and pigment levels by ~2.5, ~1.5, ~1.4, and ~1.4 fold, respectively. Also compared to placebo, the amount and proportion of amino acids has significantly varied. . Conclusion: Compared to placebo, the UHDs have statistically validated affected the rice germination and seedling growth. Also, they can affect the stress conditions caused by the sterilization process, seedlings entrance into the light and their transition into hydroponic culture medium. The use of UHDs leads to an increase in the production of chlorophyll, as well as carbohydrate and protein content. Moreover, they cause significant variations in the amino acid profile and the production of amino acids along with the photosynthesis, germination, and metabolism processes.

scholarly journals Amino Acid Profile and Protein Quality Assessment of Macroalgae Produced in an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture System

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1382
Author(s):  
Marlene Machado ◽  
Susana Machado ◽  
Filipa B. Pimentel ◽  
Victor Freitas ◽  
Rita C. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
World Health ◽  
Aquaculture System

Seaweeds are a recognized source of bioactive compounds and techno-functional ingredients. However, its protein fraction is still underexplored. The aim of this study was to determine the total and free amino acid profile and protein content of four seaweeds species (Porphyra dioica, Porphyra umbilicalis,Gracilaria vermiculophylla, and Ulva rigida) produced in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system, while assessing their protein quality. Samples were submitted to acid and alkaline hydrolysis (total amino acids) and to an aqueous extraction (free amino acids) followed by an automated online derivatization procedure, and analyzed by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography. Protein-, non-protein and total-nitrogen were quantified by the Kjeldahl method. Crude and true protein contents were estimated based on the nitrogen and amino acid composition. Protein quality was assessed based on the amino acids profile. Porphyra species presented the highest protein content compared to the remaining three seaweed species tested. All samples presented a complete profile of essential amino acids and a high quality protein profile, according to World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization standards. Methionine and tryptophan were the first limiting amino acids in all species. Red species (Porphyra and Gracilaria) presented high levels of free alanine, glutamic, and aspartic acids. The results highlight the potential of using seaweeds as an alternative and sustainable source of protein and amino acids for human nutrition and industrial food processing.

scholarly journals Amino acid profile of eighteen isolates of different edible macrofungal species

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-220
Author(s):  
Shamina Azeez ◽  
Meera Pandey ◽  
M R Jasmin ◽  
R Rachitha ◽  
G C Satisha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Free Fraction ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Agrocybe Aegerita ◽  
Content Range ◽  
Plant Sources

Edible mushrooms from India (18 isolates belonging to 4 species) were profiled for protein, free and bound amino acids (AA). The protein content (range of 9.5-32.6%) was highest in Pleurotus cintrinopileatus and P. sajor-caju; free AA (range of 11.6-73.1 mg/g DW) was higher in Hypsizygus tessulatus and Agrocybe aegerita, bound AA (range of 57.4- 171.9 mg/g DW) was also high in H. ulmarius, P. djamor, P. florida, P. sajor-caju. The essential free and bound AAs and chemical scores of isoleucine, tryptophan, phenylalanine were highest, higher in Hericium erinaceus, P. cystidiosus, P. eryngi, P. sajor-caju. The isoleucine (Ile) score in the free fraction of selected mushrooms was comparable or higher than the best five plant sources, while tryptophan (Trp) scores were almost double. Thus, these mushrooms are good sources of Ile, Trp, and aromatic amino acids. The conditionally essential and nonessential AAs were also quantified. This study reveals the diversity in protein and AA and nutritionally superior mushroom species.

scholarly journals Obtention, yields, chemical-microbiological properties and amino acids profile in a flour from Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis l.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5723-5728
Author(s):  
Priscilla. Mora-Aguirre ◽  
Luis. Romero-Hidalgo ◽  
Edgar. Landines-Vera ◽  
Roberto. Ordoñez-Araque ◽  
Mario. Valdez-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
High Protein ◽  
High Protein Content ◽  
Plukenetia Volubilis ◽  
Sacha Inchi

Sacha inchi seed (Plukenetia volubilis) has long been used for its high protein content and for its essential fatty acids (omega 3, 6 and 9). After obtaining the oil, a by-product called dry cake is generated, recent studies have shown that this cake, which is generally wasted, has a high protein content. In this investigation, the residue from the oil extraction from the Sacha Inchi seed was used, this dried cake was subjected to several treatments (dehydration, grinding and sieving) to obtain fine flour. To this product, chemical physical analyzes were performed (moisture, proteins, lipids and ashes), microbiological (microorganisms and mycotoxins) and amino acid profile. The flour had 47% of proteins, 10% of lipid fraction and 20% of fiber, the microbiological result showed that there was no presence of microorganisms due to bad manipulation or pathogens (E. coli), no presence of mycotoxins (furosin, ochratoxin and zearalenone), the most interesting result was found in the amino acid profile, the total amount of non-essential amino acids present in the flour was 601.32 g.kg-1, while in essential amino acids the presence of threonine, valine, leucine and phenylalanine (77, 35, 40 and 50 g.kg-1 respectively). These results allow us to determine that sacha inchi seed can not only provide its benefits with its oil, dry cake represents an interesting unconventional raw material because of its high protein content and can be used in the food industry to enrich different food products low in this macromolecule.

Plasma-Free Amino Acid Profiling of Nasal Polyposis Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 657-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Celik ◽  
Alper Şen ◽  
İsmail Koyuncu ◽  
Ataman Gönel
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Nasal Polyposis ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Healthy Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
History Of

Aim and Objective:: To determine the mechanisms present in the etiopathogenesis of nasal polyposis. It is not clear whether amino acids contribute in a causal way to the development of the disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the plasma-free amino acid profile in patients with nasal polyposis and to compare the results with a healthy control group. Materials and Methods:: This was a prospective controlled study that took place in the Otolaryngology Department at the Harran University Faculty of Medicine between April 2017 and April 2018. Plasmafree amino acid profile levels were studied in serum samples taken from a patient group and a healthy control group. Patients who were diagnosed with bilateral diffuse nasal polyposis and were scheduled for surgical interventions were included in this study. Individuals whose age, gender, and body mass index values were compatible with that of the patient group and who did not have any health problems were included in the control group. All the participants whose levels of plasma-free amino acid were thought to be affected by one or more of the following factors were excluded from the study: smoking and alcohol use, allergic rhinitis presence, the presence of acute or chronic sinusitis, a history of endoscopic sinus surgery, unilateral nasal masses, a history of chronic drug use, systemic or topical steroid use in the last three months for any reason, and liver, kidney, hematological, cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological, or psychiatric disorders or malignancies. Results: In patients with nasal polyposis, 3-methyl histidine (3-MHIS: nasal polyposis group (ng) = 3.22 (1.92 – 6.07); control group (cg) = 1.21 (0.77 – 1.68); p = 0.001); arginine (arg: ng = 98.95 (70.81 – 117.75); cg = 75.10 (54.49 – 79.88); p = 0.005); asparagine (asn: ng = 79.84 (57.50 – 101.44); cg = 60.66 (46.39 – 74.62); p = 0.021); citrulline (cit: ng = 51.83 (43.81 – 59.78); cg = 38.33 (27.81 – 53.73); p = 0.038); cystine (cys: ng = 4.29 (2.43 – 6.66); cg = 2.41 (1.51 – 4.16); p = 0.019); glutamic acid (glu: ng = 234.86 (128.75 – 286.66); cg = 152.37 (122.51 – 188.34); p = 0.045); histidine (his: ng = 94.19 (79.34 – 113.99); cg = 74.80 (62.76 – 98.91); p = 0.018); lysine (lys: ng = 297.22 (206.55 – 371.25); cg = 179.50 (151.58 – 238.02); p = 0.001); ornithine (ng = 160.62 (128.36 – 189.32); cg = 115.91 (97.03 – 159.91); p = 0.019); serine (ser: ng = 195.15 (151.58 – 253.07); cg = 83.07 (67.44 – 92.44); p = 0.001); taurine (tau: ng = 74.69 (47.00 – 112.13); cg = 53.14 (33.57 – 67.31); p = 0.006); tryptophan (trp: ng = 52.31 (33.81 – 80.11); cg = 34.44 (25.94 – 43.07); p = 0.005), homocitrulline (ng = 1.75 (1.27 – 2.59); cg = 0.00 (0.00 – 0.53); p = 0.001); norvaline (ng = 6.90 (5.61 – 9.18); cg = 4.93 (3.74 – 7.13); p = 0.021); argininosuccinic acid (ng = 14.33 (10.06 – 25.65); cg = 12.22 (5.77 – 16.87) p = 0.046); and plasma concentrations were significantly higher than in the healthy control group (p <0.05). However, the gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba: ng = 0.16 (0.10 – 0.24); cg = 0.21 (0.19 – 0.29); p = 0.010) plasma concentration was significantly lower in the nasal polyposis group than in the healthy control group. Conclusion: In this study, plasma levels of 15 free amino acids were significantly higher in the nasal polyposis group than in the healthy control group. A plasma level of 1 free amino acid was found to be significantly lower in the nasal polyposis group compared to the healthy control group. Therefore, it is important to determine the possibility of using the information obtained to prevent the recurrence of the condition and to develop effective treatment strategies. This study may be a milestone for studies of this subject. However, this study needs to be confirmed by further studies conducted in a larger series.

scholarly journals Basil as Secondary Crop in Cascade Hydroponics: Exploring Salinity Tolerance Limits in Terms of Growth, Amino Acid Profile, and Nutrient Composition

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Denisa Avdouli ◽  
Johannes F. J. Max ◽  
Nikolaos Katsoulas ◽  
Efi Levizou
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Cascade System ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Use Efficiency

In a cascade hydroponic system, the used nutrient solution drained from a primary crop is directed to a secondary crop, enhancing resource-use efficiency while minimizing waste. Nevertheless, the inevitably increased EC of the drainage solution requires salinity-tolerant crops. The present study explored the salinity-tolerance thresholds of basil to evaluate its potential use as a secondary crop in a cascade system. Two distinct but complemented approaches were used; the first experiment examined basil response to increased levels of salinity (5, 10 and 15 dS m−1, compared with 2 dS m−1 of control) to identify the limits, and the second experiment employed a cascade system with cucumber as a primary crop to monitor basil responses to the drainage solution of 3.2 dS m−1. Growth, ascorbate content, nutrient concentration, and total amino acid concentration and profile were determined in both experiments. Various aspects of basil growth and biochemical performance collectively indicated the 5 dS m−1 salinity level as the upper limit/threshold of tolerance to stress. Higher salinity levels considerably suppressed fresh weight production, though the total concentration of amino acids showed a sevenfold increase under 15 dS m−1 and 4.5-fold under 5 and 10 dS m−1 compared to the control. The performance of basil in the cascade system was subject to a compromise between a reduction of fresh produce and an increase of total amino acids and ascorbate content. This outcome indicated that basil performed well under the conditions and the system employed in the present study, and might be a good candidate for use as a secondary crop in cascade-hydroponics systems.

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