scholarly journals Amino Acid Profile and Protein Quality Assessment of Macroalgae Produced in an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture System

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1382
Author(s):  
Marlene Machado ◽  
Susana Machado ◽  
Filipa B. Pimentel ◽  
Victor Freitas ◽  
Rita C. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
World Health ◽  
Aquaculture System

Seaweeds are a recognized source of bioactive compounds and techno-functional ingredients. However, its protein fraction is still underexplored. The aim of this study was to determine the total and free amino acid profile and protein content of four seaweeds species (Porphyra dioica, Porphyra umbilicalis,Gracilaria vermiculophylla, and Ulva rigida) produced in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system, while assessing their protein quality. Samples were submitted to acid and alkaline hydrolysis (total amino acids) and to an aqueous extraction (free amino acids) followed by an automated online derivatization procedure, and analyzed by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography. Protein-, non-protein and total-nitrogen were quantified by the Kjeldahl method. Crude and true protein contents were estimated based on the nitrogen and amino acid composition. Protein quality was assessed based on the amino acids profile. Porphyra species presented the highest protein content compared to the remaining three seaweed species tested. All samples presented a complete profile of essential amino acids and a high quality protein profile, according to World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization standards. Methionine and tryptophan were the first limiting amino acids in all species. Red species (Porphyra and Gracilaria) presented high levels of free alanine, glutamic, and aspartic acids. The results highlight the potential of using seaweeds as an alternative and sustainable source of protein and amino acids for human nutrition and industrial food processing.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Protein Level and Amino Acid Profile in Eels (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard and Anguilla bicolor) of Lake Poso -

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Jamaluddin ◽  
Nur Atina ◽  
Yonelian Yuyun
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Anguilla Marmorata ◽  
Two Samples

In this study used a sample of eel fish species Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard and Anguilla bicolor from Poso lake that has a high protein content and is a fish endemic to Central Sulawesi. These eels are consumed by the surrounding community of the lake, but the nutritional content remains unknown. The present research was aimed to determine the protein level and amino acid profile of Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard and Anguilla bicolor eels. The protein level testing used Kjeldahl method, and amino acid profile used High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The results demonstrate the protein level of the two samples Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard eels have a protein content of 41.84% and Anguilla bicoloreels at 33.75%. Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard and Anguilla bicolor eels contain 18 types of amino acid, comprised of 9 types of essential amino acids and 9 types of non-essential amino acids. Of the two samples of eel species Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard and Anguilla bicolor, have complete protein quality because it has all kinds of essential amino acids.

Plasma-Free Amino Acid Profiling of Nasal Polyposis Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 657-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Celik ◽  
Alper Şen ◽  
İsmail Koyuncu ◽  
Ataman Gönel
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Nasal Polyposis ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Healthy Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
History Of

Aim and Objective:: To determine the mechanisms present in the etiopathogenesis of nasal polyposis. It is not clear whether amino acids contribute in a causal way to the development of the disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the plasma-free amino acid profile in patients with nasal polyposis and to compare the results with a healthy control group. Materials and Methods:: This was a prospective controlled study that took place in the Otolaryngology Department at the Harran University Faculty of Medicine between April 2017 and April 2018. Plasmafree amino acid profile levels were studied in serum samples taken from a patient group and a healthy control group. Patients who were diagnosed with bilateral diffuse nasal polyposis and were scheduled for surgical interventions were included in this study. Individuals whose age, gender, and body mass index values were compatible with that of the patient group and who did not have any health problems were included in the control group. All the participants whose levels of plasma-free amino acid were thought to be affected by one or more of the following factors were excluded from the study: smoking and alcohol use, allergic rhinitis presence, the presence of acute or chronic sinusitis, a history of endoscopic sinus surgery, unilateral nasal masses, a history of chronic drug use, systemic or topical steroid use in the last three months for any reason, and liver, kidney, hematological, cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological, or psychiatric disorders or malignancies. Results: In patients with nasal polyposis, 3-methyl histidine (3-MHIS: nasal polyposis group (ng) = 3.22 (1.92 – 6.07); control group (cg) = 1.21 (0.77 – 1.68); p = 0.001); arginine (arg: ng = 98.95 (70.81 – 117.75); cg = 75.10 (54.49 – 79.88); p = 0.005); asparagine (asn: ng = 79.84 (57.50 – 101.44); cg = 60.66 (46.39 – 74.62); p = 0.021); citrulline (cit: ng = 51.83 (43.81 – 59.78); cg = 38.33 (27.81 – 53.73); p = 0.038); cystine (cys: ng = 4.29 (2.43 – 6.66); cg = 2.41 (1.51 – 4.16); p = 0.019); glutamic acid (glu: ng = 234.86 (128.75 – 286.66); cg = 152.37 (122.51 – 188.34); p = 0.045); histidine (his: ng = 94.19 (79.34 – 113.99); cg = 74.80 (62.76 – 98.91); p = 0.018); lysine (lys: ng = 297.22 (206.55 – 371.25); cg = 179.50 (151.58 – 238.02); p = 0.001); ornithine (ng = 160.62 (128.36 – 189.32); cg = 115.91 (97.03 – 159.91); p = 0.019); serine (ser: ng = 195.15 (151.58 – 253.07); cg = 83.07 (67.44 – 92.44); p = 0.001); taurine (tau: ng = 74.69 (47.00 – 112.13); cg = 53.14 (33.57 – 67.31); p = 0.006); tryptophan (trp: ng = 52.31 (33.81 – 80.11); cg = 34.44 (25.94 – 43.07); p = 0.005), homocitrulline (ng = 1.75 (1.27 – 2.59); cg = 0.00 (0.00 – 0.53); p = 0.001); norvaline (ng = 6.90 (5.61 – 9.18); cg = 4.93 (3.74 – 7.13); p = 0.021); argininosuccinic acid (ng = 14.33 (10.06 – 25.65); cg = 12.22 (5.77 – 16.87) p = 0.046); and plasma concentrations were significantly higher than in the healthy control group (p <0.05). However, the gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba: ng = 0.16 (0.10 – 0.24); cg = 0.21 (0.19 – 0.29); p = 0.010) plasma concentration was significantly lower in the nasal polyposis group than in the healthy control group. Conclusion: In this study, plasma levels of 15 free amino acids were significantly higher in the nasal polyposis group than in the healthy control group. A plasma level of 1 free amino acid was found to be significantly lower in the nasal polyposis group compared to the healthy control group. Therefore, it is important to determine the possibility of using the information obtained to prevent the recurrence of the condition and to develop effective treatment strategies. This study may be a milestone for studies of this subject. However, this study needs to be confirmed by further studies conducted in a larger series.

scholarly journals Ion Chromatography Based Urine Amino Acid Profiling Applied for Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Fan ◽  
Jing Hong ◽  
Jun-Duo Hu ◽  
Jin-Lian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Advanced Gastric Cancer ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Group D

Aim. Amino acid metabolism in cancer patients differs from that in healthy people. In the study, we performed urine-free amino acid profile of gastric cancer at different stages and health subjects to explore potential biomarkers for diagnosing or screening gastric cancer.Methods. Forty three urine samples were collected from inpatients and healthy adults who were divided into 4 groups. Healthy adults were in group A (n=15), early gastric cancer inpatients in group B (n=7), and advanced gastric cancer inpatients in group C (n=16); in addition, two healthy adults and three advanced gastric cancer inpatients were in group D (n=5) to test models. We performed urine amino acids profile of each group by applying ion chromatography (IC) technique and analyzed urine amino acids according to chromatogram of amino acids standard solution. The data we obtained were processed with statistical analysis. A diagnostic model was constructed to discriminate gastric cancer from healthy individuals and another diagnostic model for clinical staging by principal component analysis. Differentiation performance was validated by the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results. The urine-free amino acid profile of gastric cancer patients changed to a certain degree compared with that of healthy adults. Compared with healthy adult group, the levels of valine, isoleucine, and leucine increased (P<0.05), but the levels of histidine and methionine decreased (P<0.05), and aspartate decreased significantly (P<0.01). The urine amino acid profile was also different between early and advanced gastric cancer groups. Compared with early gastric cancer, the levels of isoleucine and valine decreased in advanced gastric cancer (P<0.05). A diagnosis model constructed for gastric cancer with AUC value of 0.936 tested by group D showed that 4 samples could coincide with it. Another diagnosis model for clinical staging with an AUC value of 0.902 tested by 3 advanced gastric cancer inpatients of group D showed that all could coincide with the model.Conclusions. The noticeable differences of urine-free amino acid profiles between gastric cancer patients and healthy adults indicate that such amino acids as valine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, histidine and aspartate are important metabolites in cell multiplication and gene expression during tumor growth and metastatic process. The study suggests that urine-free amino acid profiling is of potential value for screening or diagnosing gastric cancer.

scholarly journals Amino Acid Composition of Milk from Cow, Sheep and Goat Raised in Ailano and Valle Agricola, Two Localities of ‘Alto Casertano’ (Campania Region)

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2431
Author(s):  
Nicola Landi ◽  
Sara Ragucci ◽  
Antimo Di Maro
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Campania Region

Cow, sheep and goat raw milk raised in Ailano and Valle Agricola territories (‘Alto Casertano’, Italy) were characterized (raw proteins, free and total amino acids content) to assess milk quality. Raw milk with the highest total protein content is sheep milk followed by goat and cow milk from both localities. Total amino acid content in cow, goat and sheep raw milk is 4.58, 4.81 and 6.62 g per 100 g, respectively, in which the most abundant amino acid is glutamic acid (~20.36 g per 100 g of proteins). Vice versa, the free amino acids content characteristic profiles are different for each species. In particular, the most abundant free amino acid in cow, sheep and goat raw milk is glutamic acid (9.07 mg per 100 g), tyrosine (4.72 mg per 100 g) and glycine (4.54 mg per 100 g), respectively. In addition, goat raw milk is a source of taurine (14.92 mg per 100 g), retrieved in low amount in cow (1.38 mg per 100 g) and sheep (2.10 mg per 100 g) raw milk. Overall, raw milk from ‘Alto Casertano’ show a high total protein content and are a good source of essential amino acids.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Edaphic Crop Conditions on the Free Amino Acid Profile of PH-16 Dry Cacao Beans

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1637
Author(s):  
Quintino Reis de Araujo ◽  
Guilherme Amorim Homem de Abreu Loureiro ◽  
Cid Edson Mendonça Póvoas ◽  
Douglas Steinmacher ◽  
Stephane Sacramento de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Significant Difference

Free amino acids in cacao beans are important precursors to the aroma and flavor of chocolate. In this research, we used inferential and explanatory statistical techniques to verify the effect of different edaphic crop conditions on the free amino acid profile of PH-16 dry cacao beans. The decreasing order of free amino acids in PH-16 dry cacao beans is leucine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid, alanine, asparagine, tyrosine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, valine, isoleucine, glutamine, lysine, aspartic acid, serine, tryptophan, threonine, glycine. With the exception of lysine, no other free amino acid showed a significant difference between means of different edaphic conditions under the ANOVA F-test. The hydrophobic free amino acids provided the largest contribution to the explained variance with 58.01% of the first dimension of the principal component analysis. Glutamic acid stands out in the second dimension with 13.09%. Due to the stability of the biochemical profile of free amino acids in this clonal variety, it is recommended that cacao producers consider the genotype as the primary source of variation in the quality of cacao beans and ultimately the chocolate to be produced.

scholarly journals Nonessential amino acid usage for protein replenishment in humans: a method of estimation

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Tessari
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
World Health ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Turnover

ABSTRACT Background Essential amino acids (EAAs) are key factors in determining dietary protein quality. Their RDAs have been estimated. However, although nonessential amino acids (NEAAs) are utilized for protein synthesis too, no estimates of their usage for body protein replenishment have been proposed so far. Objective The aim of this study was to provide minimum, approximate estimates of NEAA usage for body protein replenishment/conservation in humans. Methods A correlation between the pattern of both EAAs and NEAAs in body proteins, and their usage, was assumed. In order to reconstruct an “average” amino acid pattern/composition of total body proteins (as grams of amino acid per gram of protein), published data of relevant human organs/tissues (skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, gut, and collagen, making up ∼74% of total proteins) were retrieved. The (unknown) amino acid composition of residual proteins (∼26% of total proteins) was assumed to be the same as for the sum of the aforementioned organs excluding collagen. Using international EAA RDA values, an average ratio of EAA RDA to the calculated whole-body EAA composition was derived. This ratio was then used to back-calculate NEAA usage for protein replenishment. The data were calculated also using estimated organ/tissue amino acid turnover. Results The individual ratios of World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization/United Nations University RDA to EAA content ranged between 1.35 (phenylalanine + tyrosine) and 3.68 (leucine), with a mean ± SD value of 2.72 ± 0.81. In a reference 70-kg subject, calculated NEAA usage for body protein replenishment ranged from 0.73 g/d for asparagine to 3.61 g/d for proline. Use of amino acid turnover data yielded similar results. Total NEAA usage for body protein replenishment was ∼19 g/d (45% of total NEAA intake), whereas ∼24 g/d was used for other routes. Conclusion This method may provide indirect minimum estimates of the usage of NEAAs for body protein replacement in humans.

scholarly journals Protein Quality of Rice Drinks Fortified with Bovine and Porcine Blood Plasma

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 7487-7496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piedad Margarita Montero Castillo ◽  
Yesid Alejandro Marrugo Ligardo ◽  
Lesbia Cristina Julio González
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Porcine Blood ◽  
Bovine Plasma

The future of nutrition in Colombia, and perhaps in other developing countries, will depend in large part on the ability of food technology to take full advantage of the food sources available in the country and to adapt and develop new products that will vary and complement the diets of the majority of the population at a low cost. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protein quality of rice-based drinks fortified with bovine and porcine blood plasma. Six treatments were prepared with different levels of fortification (14.5%, 18.5% and 29%). The effects of the plasma type and the addition levels on the protein content, the amino acid profile, and the in vitro digestibility of the drinks were observed. The AOAC method was employed for the determination of the protein content; the amino acid profile was created using HPLC. The protein digestibility was determined by subjecting a dispersion of the drink to the action of a multi-enzymatic solution. The protein content increased with the level of fortification. The drinks fortified with bovine plasma (104%) and porcine plasma (89%) presented a better protein quality index than the unfortified drink. The digestibility of the fortified drinks did not demonstrate significant improvements in comparison with the unfortified drink. The chemical score of the drinks fortified with porcine plasma (71.6) and bovine plasma (78.5) showed that the latter had the best nutritional quality.

scholarly journals Protein content and amino acids profile in 10 cultivars of ginkgo ( Ginkgo biloba L.) nut from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 181571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyi Zhou ◽  
Tongtong Hua ◽  
Xiaofang Ma ◽  
Haijun Sun ◽  
Li Xu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acids Profile

As a traditional food and medicine source, ginkgo ( Ginkgo biloba L.) nut is popularly consumed in East Asia. The aim of this work is to characterize protein content and amino acids profile in 10 ginkgo nut cultivars, named successively as no. 1 to no. 10. There were observed differences among the cultivars with respect to the contents of protein and amino acids, except Cys. The no. 6 cultivar presented the highest protein content (22.1 g/100 g DW), while the no. 9 had the lowest (16.2 g/100 g DW). The contents of EAA and NEAA were revealed to vary in the range of 14.3–26.2 and 21.4–41.1 g/100 g protein, respectively. The most abundant EAA was Leu, and the first limiting amino acid was Lys. The level of Arg was attractive, especially in the no. 5 cultivar (1741 mg/100 g DW) where it is comparable to hazelnut and pistachio. As confirmed by AAS and EAAI, the no. 5 cultivar presented the best amino acids profile and protein quality among these cultivars. These results have relevance to the scientific development and application of ginkgo nuts in the food industry.

scholarly journals Amino Acid Compositions of 27 Food Fishes and Their Importance in Clinical Nutrition

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bimal Mohanty ◽  
Arabinda Mahanty ◽  
Satabdi Ganguly ◽  
T. V. Sankar ◽  
Kajal Chakraborty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Dietary Counseling ◽  
Amino Acid Compositions

Proteins and amino acids are important biomolecules which regulate key metabolic pathways and serve as precursors for synthesis of biologically important substances; moreover, amino acids are building blocks of proteins. Fish is an important dietary source of quality animal proteins and amino acids and play important role in human nutrition. In the present investigation, crude protein content and amino acid compositions of important food fishes from different habitats have been studied. Crude protein content was determined by Kjeldahl method and amino acid composition was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and information on 27 food fishes was generated. The analysis showed that the cold water species are rich in lysine and aspartic acid, marine fishes in leucine, small indigenous fishes in histidine, and the carps and catfishes in glutamic acid and glycine. The enriched nutrition knowledge base would enhance the utility of fish as a source of quality animal proteins and amino acids and aid in their inclusion in dietary counseling and patient guidance for specific nutritional needs.

scholarly journals Analisis Profil Protein dan Asam Amino Sarang Burung Walet (Collocalia fuchiphaga)Asal Painan

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Elfita
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Bird Nest ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
West Sumatra

Abstrak Penelitian tentang profil protein sarang burung wallet masih terbatas, terutama sarang burung walet dari Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa profil protein dan asam amino sarang burung walet yang berasal dari daerah Painan, Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan, Sumatera Barat. Analisis protein dilakukan dengan menggunakan SDS-PAGE, sedangkan analisis asam amino dilakukan dengan menggunakan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (KCKT). Analisa ekstrak air sarang burung walet dengan SDS-PAGE menunjukan bahwa sarang burung walet terdiri dari 6 protein. Keenam protein tersebut mempunyai bobot molekul masing-masing 147.2 kDa, 142.6 kDa, 133.4 kDa, 73.3 kDa, 66.2 kDa dan 37.7 kDa. Dari analisa asam amino burung walet dengan KCKT didapatkan 16 asam amino yang terkandung dalam sarang burung wallet, yang terdiri dari 7 jenis asam amino esensial yaitu Histidin (2.31%), Leusin (3.84%), Treonin (3.82%), Valin (3.93%), Metionin (0.48%), Isoleusin (1.80%), Fenilalanine (4.49%)  dan 9 asam amino non esensial yaitu Asam Serin (4.56%), Aspartat (4.48%), Arginin (3.93%), Lisin (2.34 %), Prolin (3.64%),  Asam glutamate (3.65%), Glisin (1.87%), Alanin (1.31%), Tirosin (3.92%). Serin merupakan asam amino dengan kadar tertinggi (4.56%), diikuti dengan Fenil alanine (4.49%) dan Asam aspartate (4.48%). Kandungan asam amino ini sedikit berbeda dengan kandungan asam amino sarang burung walet dari daerah dan negara lain. Kata kunci: sarang burung walet, protein, asam amino Abstract Study on protein profile of bird nest is still limited particularly protein profile of bird nest from Indonesia has not been reported. Therefore, this study was aimed to analyze protein profile and amino acid composition of bird nest from Painan, Pesisir Selatan Distric, West Sumatra. Protein analysis was performed by SDS-PAGE, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for amino acid analysis. SDS-PAGE analysis showed  six bands, which molecular weigh of 147.2 kDa, 142.6 kDa, 133.4 kDa, 73.3 kDa, 66.2 kDa and 37.7 kDa, respectively. On the other hand, HPLC analysis demonstrated that bird nest was composed of 16 amino acids. Seven of them were essential amino acids; histidine (2.31%), leucine (3.84%), threonine (3.82%),  valine (3.93%), methionine (0.48%), isoleucine (1.80%), phenylalanine (4.49%), and nine of them were non-essential amino acids; serine (4.56%), aspartic acid (4.48%), arginine (3.93%), lysine (2.34%), proline (3.64%), glutamic acid (3.65%), glycine (1.87%), alanine (1.31%), tyrosine (3.92%). Serine was the highest percentage of amino acid in the bird nest (4.56%), followed by phenylalanine (4.49%) and aspartic acid (4.48%). Composition of amino acid in this bird nest was slightly different with composition of amino acid in bird nest from other area. Keywords : bird nest, protein profile, amino acids

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