scholarly journals Development of Eco-Concrete Produced with Calcined Marl Clay as Cement Replacement Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
Young-Min Kim ◽  
Ji-Su Kim ◽  
Tong-Seok Han
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Performance Difference ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Replacement Ratio ◽  
Cement Replacement

Because of the increase in greenhouse gas emissions and the enforcement of environmental regulations, efforts to reduce CO2 emissions continue. In this study, calcined marl clay was used as a cement replacement material to minimize CO2 emissions by reducing the cement amount used. The raw materials for marl clay were analyzed, and the durability and chemical resistance of concrete produced with marl clay were examined. From the test results, the optimum replacement ratio of calcined marl clay was determined, and the performance difference with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete was identified. The performance of the eco-concrete was comparable to that of the OPC concrete containing marl clay when the cement was optimally replaced with marl clay. Furthermore, the CO2 emission for each specimen was calculated. This study demonstrated the feasibility of developing eco-friendly concrete using calcined marl clay.

scholarly journals Strength Development and Elemental Distribution of Dolomite/Fly Ash Geopolymer Composite under Elevated Temperature

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emy Aizat Azimi ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Petrica Vizureanu ◽  
Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh ◽  
Andrei Victor Sandu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Liquid Sodium ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Geopolymer Composites

A geopolymer has been reckoned as a rising technology with huge potential for application across the globe. Dolomite refers to a material that can be used raw in producing geopolymers. Nevertheless, dolomite has slow strength development due to its low reactivity as a geopolymer. In this study, dolomite/fly ash (DFA) geopolymer composites were produced with dolomite, fly ash, sodium hydroxide, and liquid sodium silicate. A compression test was carried out on DFA geopolymers to determine the strength of the composite, while a synchrotron Micro-Xray Fluorescence (Micro-XRF) test was performed to assess the elemental distribution in the geopolymer composite. The temperature applied in this study generated promising properties of DFA geopolymers, especially in strength, which displayed increments up to 74.48 MPa as the optimum value. Heat seemed to enhance the strength development of DFA geopolymer composites. The elemental distribution analysis revealed exceptional outcomes for the composites, particularly exposure up to 400 °C, which signified the homogeneity of the DFA composites. Temperatures exceeding 400 °C accelerated the strength development, thus increasing the strength of the DFA composites. This appears to be unique because the strength of ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and other geopolymers composed of other raw materials is typically either maintained or decreases due to increased heat.

A Review of Alkali-Activated Slag as Cement Replacement

2019 ◽  
Vol 803 ◽  
pp. 262-266
Author(s):  
Osama Ahmed Mohamed ◽  
Maadoum M. Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Environmental Footprint ◽  
Alkali Activated Slag ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Activated Slag ◽  
Alkali Activated

Alkali activated slag (AAS) offers opportunities to the construction industry as an alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The production of OPC and its use contributes significantly to release of CO2 into the atmosphere while AAS is an industrial by-product that contributes much less to the environmental footprint that needs to be recycled if not landfilled. This paper outlines some of the key properties, merits and demerits of AAS when used as alternative to OPC. Competitive compressive strength of AAS concrete is amongst of the advantages of replacing cement with AAS while high shrinkage and carbonation levels are potential disadvantages.

scholarly journals Analysis of Chemical Composition of Portland Cement in Ghana: A Key to Understand the Behavior of Cement

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Bediako ◽  
Eric Opoku Amankwah
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Portland Limestone Cement ◽  
Limestone Cement ◽  
Construction Works

The performance of Portland cement in concrete or mortar formation is very well influenced by chemical compositions among other factors. Many engineers usually have little information on the chemical compositions of cement in making decisions for the choice of commercially available Portland cement in Ghana. This work analyzed five different brands of Portland cement in Ghana, namely, Ghacem ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and Portland limestone cement (PLC), CSIR-BRRI Pozzomix, Dangote OPC, and Diamond PLC. The chemical compositions were analyzed with X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer. Student’st-test was used to test the significance of the variation in chemical composition between standard literature values and each of the commercial cement brands. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also used to establish the extent of variations between chemical compositions and brand name of the all commercial Portland cement brands. Student’st-test results showed that there were no significant differences between standard chemical composition values and that of commercial Portland cement. The ANOVA results also indicated that each brand of commercial Portland cement varies in terms of chemical composition; however, the specific brands of cement had no significant differences. The study recommended that using any brand of cement in Ghana was good for any construction works be it concrete or mortar formation.

Study on the Preparation and Properties of Fiber Reinforced Foamed Cement Material

2013 ◽  
Vol 327 ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Xiao Long Li ◽  
Guo Zhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Cement Material ◽  
Insulation Materials

The ordinary portland cement was used to prepare foamed cement insulation materials by physical foaming method. The influence of different process of fiber added to the foamed cement insulation materials on its performance was studied and the optimum mix ratio of raw materials was determined. The results showed that the glass fire could be evenly dispersed in the slurry by dry adding technology and got better enhanced effect. When the dosage of glass fire was 0.9%, the performance of the foamed cement material as follows: dry density of 318 kg/m3, 3d flexural strength of 0.61MPa, 3d compressive strength of 1.05MPa, thermal conductivity of 0.065W/(m·k). The reinforce mechanism of glass fire was explored.

scholarly journals Influence of treated waste phosphogypsum materials on the properties of ordinary portland cement

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Al Hwaiti
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Lime Water ◽  
Saturation Factor ◽  
European Standards ◽  
And Control

In this study, treatment of phosphogypsum (PG) with lime-water (LWT), sulphuric acid (SAT), a mixture of H2SO4 and HNO3 (AWT), PG-water (ST), and PG-limestone (LT) was attempted to purify PG and improve its quality so that it can be used for manufacture of ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). The treatment of PG removes P2O5, SO3, and MgO impurities into water-leachable phase. Chemical analysis of the treated PG and mechanical properties of OPC mortar after various treatment of PG established improvement of the quality of PG. The purified PG contain less impurities when compared with untreated PG. It was observed that the leachable of P2O5, SO3, and MgO in these samples ranged from 86% to 90%, 69% to 94%, 96% to 99%, respectively, can be achieved using these treatment processes. The major phases Alite (C3S), Belite (C2S), Aluminatetricalcic(C3A), and Tetra-calcium aluminoferrite (C4AF), and control ratios Lime Saturation factor (LSF), Aluminum/Iron ratio (AR), and Silica ratio (SR) were measured. These experimental results showed that the C3S, C3A and C4AF, C2S, LSF, AR, and SR contents fulfilled the requirement of the Jordan Standards and European Standards; hence treated PG can be replaced by natural gypsum. The X-ray diffraction analysis of OPC samples showed that C3S and C2S are major mineral phases, C3A and C4AF represent as minor constituents while the CaO and MgO represent as trace phases. The effect of treated PG on the mechanical properties of OPC mortar was investigated. The OPC produced with purified phosphogypsum were found to have strength properties similar to those produced from mineral gypsum thus fulfilling Jordan Standards and European Standards. The present study indicates that the use of PG in OPC manufacture can solve the waste disposal problem thus cleaning our environment at one hand, on the other hand it can save natural raw materials i.e gypsum.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(4), 241-250, 2015

scholarly journals Influence of Polyethylene Terephthalate Powder on Hydration of Portland Cement

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2551
Author(s):  
Min Ook Kim ◽  
Jun Kil Park ◽  
Taek Hee Han ◽  
Joonho Seo ◽  
Solmoi Park
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Cement Paste ◽  
Pore Solution ◽  
Isothermal Calorimetry ◽  
Test Results ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Replacement Ratio ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
X Ray

The management of plastic waste is a massive challenge and the recycling of plastics for newer applications is a potential solution. This study investigates the feasibility of using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) powder in cementitious composites. The changes in the strength and microstructure of Portland cement incorporating PET powder with different replacement ratios were systematically analyzed through the measurements of compressive strength, isothermal calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. In addition, the possible chemical changes of cement paste samples were studied upon exposure to different conditions, including deionized water, seawater, and simulated pore solution. Based on the test results and analysis, no apparent chemical changes were observed in the cement paste samples, regardless of the exposure conditions. In contrast, the PET powder incorporated into concrete exhibited remarkable changes, which may have occurred during the mixing process. The results also suggested that the maximum replacement ratio of PET powder should be less than 10% of the binder (by mass) to minimize its influence on cement hydration, due to the interaction between water and PET. The PET-containing samples showed the presence of calcium aluminate hydrates which were absent in the neat paste sample.

scholarly journals A study on the influence of curing on the strength of a standard grade concrete mix

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rao Krishna ◽  
Rathish Kumar ◽  
Azhar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Accelerated Curing ◽  
Design Life ◽  
Curing Method ◽  
The One ◽  
Curing Compound ◽  
Portland Pozzolana Cement

Curing is essential if concrete is to perform the intended function over the design life of the structure while excessive curing time may lead to the escalation of the construction cost of the project and unnecessary delays. Where there is a scarcity of water and on sloping surfaces where curing with water is difficult and in cases where large areas like pavements have to be cured, the use of curing compound may be resorted to. The parameters of the study include the curing period [1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 day], curing method [conventional wet curing, membrane forming compound curing and accelerated curing] and the type of cement [Ordinary Portland Cement(OPC) 43 grade, Portland Pozzolana Cement(PPC) 43 grade and Ordinary Portland Cement(OPC) 43 grade +10% Silica Fume(SF) replacement for cement]. In all a total of 99 cube specimens were cast and cured under different conditions before testing. Test results indicate a drop in strength at all ages for concretes with PPC and the one in which 10% OPC is replaced by silica Fume(SF) in comparison with the concrete with OPC. Curing by membrane forming curing compound yielded nearly the same results as that of conventional wet curing for concrete with OPC and there was a marginal decrement in concrete with PPC. Predicted 28-day strength of concrete from the accelerated curing test was found to be on a conservative side compared to control concrete.

The Influence of Zinc on the Hydration and Compressive Strength of Portland Cement

2014 ◽  
Vol 1000 ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Iva Kolářová ◽  
Pavel Šiler ◽  
František Šoukal
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Isothermal Calorimetry ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Tricalcium Silicate ◽  
Hydraulic Activity ◽  
Interesting Object

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of addition of elements present in secondary raw materials on the hydration and compressive strength of Portland cement. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) has been used to solidify hazardous waste for about 25 years and the effect of waste components on the hydraulic activity is an interesting object for the research. In this study Zn nitrate, chloride and oxide were added to Portland cement. The concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0 weight percent of zinc in cement were tested. After 1, 7 and 28 days the compressive strength was reduced or similar by the addition of zinc in comparison with pure cement. This difference is probably due to a delay in tricalcium silicate hydration as shown by isothermal calorimetry.

Assessment of Raw Mineral Waste as Building Materials in Developing Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 30-46
Author(s):  
Njarazo Rakotondrabezaharinoro ◽  
Moutari Ado ◽  
Willy Hermann Juimo Tchamdjou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Mineral Waste

In many developing country’s mining exploitations are the main activities sources, and its exploitation is generating many mining wastes and environmental impacts. In order to use these waste, an innovative powder and aggregate were designed, aimed at providing alternative materials by cementitious supplementary materials and sand in Portland cement mortars. This paper investigates the use of raw mineral waste from some developing countries, namely Granite Residue (GR), from Niger, Mining Tailings (MT), from Madagascar, and red Volcanic Scoria (VS), from Cameroon as building materials. These raw materials were valorized as supplementary cementitious materials (GR powder, MS powder and VS powder) and as sand (GR sand and VS sand). GR sand and VS sand were used by 100% replacement of standard sand and GR powder, MS powder and VS powder were used by 5, 15, 25, or/and 35% cement replacement. Physical properties and mechanical properties of raw materials used and mortars obtained were investigated. The effects of these raw materials on properties of mortar mixes were studied and reported. Results show that, with sand from raw mineral waste materials, the compressive and flexural strengths of the produced mortar represented up than 70% and up than 85% respectively in comparison with mortar produce with siliceous standard sand. The reduction of strength of mortar with raw powder as ordinary Portland cement replacement is generally smaller than replacement ratio. Activity index of each raw powder is about 75% for ratio replacement of 5, 15 and 25%. Particle size distribution of raw powder and sand have an influence on the workability and mechanical properties of mortars. In conclusion, the use of raw mineral waste as a raw powder or as sand for mortar production presents an economical and environmental advantage for developing countries where mining exploitations are abundant.

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