scholarly journals Public Expenditures Priorities between Human Development Requirements and Funding Constraints

Webology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1224-1235
Author(s):  
Dr. Dhiaa Hussein Saud ◽  
Dr. Mazen Dawood Salman ◽  
Dr. Amro Hisham Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Oil Markets ◽  
Public Money

Interest in the issue of public Expenditures (spending) priorities increases in times of financial and economic crisis, when restrictions on government funding grow, and financial markets stumble in providing financing channels with the necessary liquidity, as well as when paying attention to increasing the efficiency and productivity of public spending, by reducing the waste of public money and pursuing its allocation between different economic sectors to achieve the public benefit as much as possible and at the lowest possible cost. Among the discussions being raised in this regard is where the priority lies in spending is on sectors that support human development such as (education, health and public services), or the priority of spending on other sectors (which may hinder human development and delay the development of states and civil societies) such as military sectors, armaments, military industries and related sectors. Because each side has its arguments and evidence of modern economic and human experiences, it is difficult to resolve the controversy in a certain direction and ignore the opinion of the second party, but what concerns us is the situation of our country and our society and the economic and social pressures and renewed threats from time to time, and what is the most objective and credible reading of the authors of the philosophy of the Iraqi economy, and its emerging priorities developed after 2003, through the trends of the federal budget in this country. Given the financial crisis that is ravaging the global economy as a result of the Corona pandemic and the great isolation measures Great Lockdown and the repercussions of this crisis on the Iraqi economy as a result of the collapse of the world oil markets, so discussions are escalating in the field of rationalization and efficiency of government public spending, and because the general budget depends on the general revenues on oil revenues by more than 90% in most years after 2003, so an external shock or collapse in the oil market affects the revenues of the general budget, and therefore there is a situation The uncertainty of budget planners and implementers in collecting the revenues required to cover the public expenditure side, and the most important items of governing public expenditure, namely employee compensation, support for the poor and others.

Expenditures on National Projects in the Public Spending System

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
R. I. Tugushev
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
The Public

The paper is devoted to analyzing the category of “public expenditure”, its comparative analysis with the category “budget expenditures” in doctrinal understanding and according to the legislative definition. On the basis of relative and absolute data, the author highlights the trend towards an increase of the share of national projects in the overall structure of public expenditure, as well as the trend towards annual increases in direct expenditures from the federal budget. The author concludes that it is necessary to consolidate the thesis on priority financing of national projects in the allocation of budgetary funds at the federal law level. The author analizes the place of allocations for the implementation of national projects in the updated Budget Classification and determines a number of features of budget financing of national projects. The paper elucidates the legal mechanisms of adjustment of national projects financing on the basis of the legislation, highlights the modernization of financial instruments in the field of public procurement, trends in the field of distribution of the inter-budgetary transfers with co-financing. The author highlights the importance of retrospective analysis of information on the performance of budgetary allocations by the key spending units of federal budget funds in the previous fiscal year for the purpose of prospective planning. The conclusion is made about facilitating the integration of the format of national projects into the system of strategic planning with the medium and long-term perspective.

التأثيرات السياسية في استدامة الدين العام في موازنة العراق 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (66) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
م.م أحمد حامد جمعة ◽  
◽  
د. كمال فيلد البصري
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
The Political ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Public Budget ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
Political Impact

This study clarifies the analysis of the reality of the financial policy in the budget of Iraq 2019, and that analysis is evaluated by tracking the elements of the public budget from public expenditures and public revenues, and the study focuses on the size of the political impact on the path of public spending, as well as the analysis of public spending and revenues in various sectors and sections of the public budget. This study also shows the size of the risks resulting from the continuation of the financial deficit, as well as the risks of public debt according to the indicators of its sustainability analysis within the financial and economic indicators that express the risks of public debt. The study emphasized that public spending is still based on the political decision and does not achieve the principles and objectives of the economic budget that achieve the public benefit. The necessity requires efficient spending and fair distribution in order to avoid future public debt risks and their impact on future generations

scholarly journals Análisis del crecimiento económico y desarrollo humano de las entidades federativas de México en el periodo 2005 – 2010

UVserva ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
León Felipe Beltrán Guerra ◽  
Jorge Luis Arellanez Hernández ◽  
Enrique Romero Pedraza
Keyword(s):  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bienestar Psicologico

El gasto público en México se orienta a crear condiciones de desarrollo humano, salud y bienestar social por parte del Estado a través de su estructura federal. Se busca identificar cuál es el comportamiento de los indicadores de crecimiento y desarrollo de las entidades federativas en México en el periodo comprendido de 2005 a 2010. Con el análisis estadístico, se concluye que la relación entre el gasto público, destinado a rubros de salud, educación, desarrollo de infraestructura social, tiene una baja correlación con los índices de desarrollo en el país. Las variaciones no son significativas pero si las diferencias entre entidades federativas. El análisis de los indicadores mencionados, pretende mostrar que el gasto público no impacta claramente en las condiciones de salud, desarrollo y bienestar social de los mexicanos, elevando su calidad de vida.Palabras clave: Gasto público; Indice de Desarrollo Humano; bienestar psicológico; calidad de vida; condiciones de vida AbstractPublic spending in Mexico aims to create conditions of human development, heal­th and social well-being by the State through its federal structure. Our target is to identify what is the behavior of the indicators of grow­th and development in Mexico in the period of 2005-2010. After the statistical analysis, it is concluded that the relationship between pu­blic spending aimed at areas of health, educa­tion, social infrastructure development, has a low correlation with development index in the country. The variations in this index are not significant in the years analysed, but the diffe­rences between states does. The proposal aims at the public spending for being reflected sig­nificantly in the conditions of health, develop­ment and welbeing of Mexican people.Keywords: Public expenditure; Human develo­pment Index; Psychological well-being; Quali­ty of life; Life conditions 

scholarly journals Despesas públicas e o nível de desenvolvimento humano dos estados brasileiros: uma análise do IDHM 2000 e 2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-54
Author(s):  
Taíse Fatima Mattei ◽  
Fernanda Mendes Bezerra ◽  
Gilmar Ribeiro de Mello
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares Method

Resumo: Uma das formas de um governo atuar na economia é na alocação dos gastos públicos. Os gastos públicos têm o objetivo de contribuir para o fornecimento de serviços públicos para a população, e também para a geração de investimentos na economia. Muitas vezes, questiona-se se esses gastos podem, de fato, contribuir para a melhoraria da vida das pessoas. Dessa forma, entender se as despesas públicas têm relação com o nível de desenvolvimento humano é importante para a tomada de decisão dos governantes e para melhorar a gestão dos gastos públicos, principalmente para direcionar em quais áreas devem ser gastos os recursos. Diante disso, o objetivo com este artigo foi verificar qual a contribuição das despesas públicas per capita por funções para o nível de desenvolvimento humano dos estados brasileiros. O método adotado é a regressão múltipla estimada pelo método de mínimos quadrados ordinários utilizando dados em painel. Os dados são provenientes do IBGE, PNUD e IPEA DATA. Os resultados sugerem que algumas despesas possuem contribuição positiva para o desenvolvimento dos estados. Analisando o modelo com todas as despesas na mesma regressão, saúde e educação apresentaram relação positiva para aumentar o IDHM. Analisando os modelos em regressões isoladas, as despesas com assistência e previdência, educação, saúde e segurança e transporte confirmaram impacto positivo sobre o nível de desenvolvimento dos estados. Destaca-se a importância das despesas com saúde e educação, as quais se apresentaram influenciáveis no desenvolvimento nas duas abordagens realizadas.Palavras-chave: Despesas Públicas. Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano. Estados brasileiros. Public expenditure and human development level of Brazilian states: an analysis of IDHM 2000 and 2010 Abstract: One of the ways for a government to act in the economy is in the allocation of public expenditures. Public expenditures aim to contribute to the provision of public services to the population, as well as to the generation of investments in the economy. It is often questioned whether such expenditures can actually contribute to the improvement of people's lives. Thus, understanding whether public expenditures arerelated to the level of human development is important for government decision-making, and to improve the management of public expenditures, mainly to target the areas in which resources should be spent. Therefore, the objective of this article is to verify the contribution of public expenditure per capita by functions to the level of human development of the Brazilian states. The method adopted is the multiple regression estimated by the ordinary least squares method using panel data. The data comes from IBGE, UNDP and IPEA DATA. The results suggest that some expenses have a positive contribution to the development of the states. Analyzing the model with all expenses in the same regression, health and education presented positive relation to increase the HDI. Analyzing the models in isolated regressions, assistance and pension, education, health, safety and transportation expenses confirmed a positive impact on the level of development of the states. It is important to highlight the importance of health and education expenditures, which were influential in the development of the two approaches.Keywords: Public Expenditure. Human Development Index. Brazilian states.

scholarly journals Legislative production and public spending in France

Public Choice ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Facchini ◽  
Elena Seghezza
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
The Public ◽  
Official Gazette ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Legislative Production ◽  
Laws And Regulations

AbstractThe aim of this article is to help explain the history of the public spending-to-GDP ratio in France by examining the production of laws and regulations. It empirically finds a positive and significant relationship between the number of pages in the Official Gazette of the French Republic and the development of the public expenditure-to-GDP ratio. We rely on the number of pages in the Official Gazette as a proxy for the cost of implementing laws and regulations. If unchecked, a proliferation of laws and regulations expands public spending. Over the period 1905–2015, a 10% increase in pages caused a 1.14% increase in the public expenditure-to-GDP ratio.

scholarly journals Public Expenditures Through Public Procurement

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Azem Duraku
Keyword(s):  
Public Procurement ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Freedom Of Establishment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Electronic Procurement ◽  
Treaty Of Rome ◽  
Public Money ◽  
The Right ◽  
Procurement System

Abstract Treaty of Rome of 1957 and following treaties on amending the Treaty of Rome contain a number of basic principles on which the EU is founded. Among these principles, the most important ones related to the public procurement are: prevention of discrimination based on nationality, free movement of goods; right and freedom of establishment of a business; the right to provide services. Spending of public money in Kosovo pursuant to the Law on Procurement is found on the following principles: economization and efficiency; equal treatment and non-discrimination; transparency; value for money. The average of open procedure application in EU countries is 73% based on notices, whereas in Kosovo is 82.80% based on notices. In the end of 2014, Kosovo commenced the development of electronic procurement platform. This project takes place within the Public Sector Modernization Project. The importance of the electronic procurement is stated in the statement of European Commission: “Modernization and opening of procurement markets across borders - including through the electronic procurement expansion - are crucial for the competition in Europe and creating new opportunities for businesses in EU”. A good procurement system in Kosovo will have an impact on elimination of negative phenomena (corruption and bad management) in the management of public expenditures from spending agencies, as well as an impact on increase of budget saving.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Public Expenditure and Bureaucratic Quality: The Case of Eurasian Economies

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gökhan Dökmen ◽  
Özcan Sezer
Keyword(s):  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Publicly Provided Goods ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Political Variables

One of the controversial issues among researchers in the field of public finance is estimating the determinants of public expenditures. It’s argued that public expenditure is determined by economic as well as demographic, social and political variables. One of the important element of political variables is bureaucracy. If bureaucracy, as one of the main actors of political decision making process, works in quality, effectiveness and efficiency would occur in publicly provided goods and services. In parallel with the good quality of bureaucracy, the size of state would become smaller. The purpose of this study is to test empirically between efficient bureaucracy and public expenditure, using dynamic panel data analysis of 6 Eurasian Economic Community countries from 1998 to 2011. This study finds evidence that existence of bureaucratic quality reduces the public expenditures.

scholarly journals effectiveness of public expenditure on higher education and the employment in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S3) ◽  
pp. 476-485
Author(s):  
Rubén Macías Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
National Development ◽  
National Program ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Decent Life ◽  
Employment Education

Higher education is the most important element to achieve the redistribution of wealth in a country, for that reason its public spending is a subject to study, also the studied professions, the demanded professions by the market and the salaries received by them, because citizens must be able to attend the principal needs of the nation, thereby increasing their income and achieve a decent life. The objective of the document is to analyze the educational proposal considered in the National Development Plan (PND) 2019-2024 in Mexico, specifically in the objective: “2. Guarantee employment, education, health and welfare” analyzing the proposal “5. Young people writing the future, this is a national program aimed to young people who are enrolled in a center of higher education”. In the methodology, it is made a descriptive analysis of the expenditure on education, that information is published by the Chamber of Deputies in México also analyze the information of the Occupation by Economic Sectors generated by National Institute of Statistic and Geography (INEGI).

scholarly journals The impact of public expenditures on economic growth of the Republic of North Macedonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Nikoloski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
The Impact

Ensuring high and sustainable economic growth is one of the main tasks of public spending policy. In fact, public expenditure plays an important role in the formation of physical and human capital over time. If are properly targeted, they can stimulate economic growth even in the short term, when limited infrastructure of (unskilled) workforce is a barrier to increased production. Therefore, the realized impact of public expenditures on economic growth can be considered as an indicator of their effectiveness. The goal of public expenditure is to increase economic growth by providing more employment opportunities, increasing people's income and living standards. Therefore, if they are well-managed, they can lead to the desired level of economic growth and improvement of the living standard of the population.

scholarly journals THE FUNCTIONS OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURES IN PUBLIC MANAGEMENT, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL SYSTEMS OF A COUNTRY

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Bohdan MALYNIAK
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Social System ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Functional Purpose

Introduction. The functions of public expenditures reveal their intended purpose in the regulation of various processes and explain their role in the attainment of specific goals. Scientific literature provides extensive insights into definitions of budget functions in market democracies, but the functional purpose of public expenditures is covered only fragmentarily. The purpose of the article is to present a scientific substantiation for the system of public expenditure functions in the market democracies. Results. Based on the analysis of public expenditure functions, we believe that it would be feasible to substantiate the functions separately for each of the two main spheres directly affected by public expenditures, namely public management and the economic and social system of the country. In the public management sphere, public expenditures perform the functions of control and planning (programming). The essence of the planning function consists in using public expenditures to create conditions and provide necessary incentives for rational performance-based planning of the activities carried out by public authorities, as well as for attainment of target performance indicators by applying the results-oriented budgeting method. The function of control is preconditioned by the specifics of public management system functioning in a democratic society, which consists in assuring that the society has control over activities of public authorities. The influence of public expenditures on the national economy and its social system occurs through functions of allocation, redistribution and stimulation. The function of allocation consists in providing the population with goods and services that cannot be supplied by the market economy in sufficient volumes. The essence of the redistribution function consists in using public expenditures with the aim of decreasing income inequality among members of the society, regional development of territories or solving other tasks. The public expenditure function of stimulation aims to stimulate certain directions of economic activity by means of changing the volumes, components or structure of public expenditures through different mechanisms of their realization. Conclusions. In result of performing a theoretical study of the functional purpose of the budget in a market economy and a critical analysis of scientific postulates allow us to substantiate the feasibility of identifying the following functions of public expenditures: planning (programming), control, allocation, redistribution, and stimula tion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document