Laying Down the Groundwork for an International Measurement Infrastructure

The COVID-19 epidemic has brought to light the significant problems in the long-term care (LTC) sector, specifically the lack of an infrastructure to collect and aggregate data between LTC sectors in different countries. This talk will briefly describe goals of the WE-THRIVE initiative, and focus on exploring the development of “workforce and staffing” common data elements for LTC. We will describe how the subgroup is “laying down the groundwork” within this domain with various methodologies to develop CDEs related to workforce and staffing. The CDEs aim to measure staff retention and turnover, evaluating nursing supervisor effectiveness, and staff training in LTC. Anticipated challenges of this international work will also be highlighted. International research on LTC can valuably inform LTC policy and practice, and the proposed CDEs can facilitate data sharing and aggregation internationally, including low-, middle-, and high-income countries.

OmniCrawl: Comprehensive Measurement of Web Tracking With Real Desktop and Mobile Browsers

Over half of all visits to websites now take place in a mobile browser, yet the majority of web privacy studies take the vantage point of desktop browsers, use emulated mobile browsers, or focus on just a single mobile browser instead. In this paper, we present a comprehensive web-tracking measurement study on mobile browsers and privacy-focused mobile browsers. Our study leverages a new web measurement infrastructure, OmniCrawl, which we develop to drive browsers on desktop computers and smartphones located on two continents. We capture web tracking measurements using 42 different non-emulated browsers simultaneously. We find that the third-party advertising and tracking ecosystem of mobile browsers is more similar to that of desktop browsers than previous findings suggested. We study privacy-focused browsers and find their protections differ significantly and in general are less for lower-ranked sites. Our findings also show that common methodological choices made by web measurement studies, such as the use of emulated mobile browsers and Selenium, can lead to website behavior that deviates from what actual users experience.

Measurement report: Introduction to the HyICE-2018 campaign for measurements of ice nucleating particles in the Hyytiälä boreal forest

The formation of ice particles in Earth’s atmosphere strongly influences the dynamics and optical properties of clouds and their impacts on the climate system. Ice formation in clouds is often triggered heterogeneously by ice nucleating particles (INPs) that represent a very low number of particles in the atmosphere. To date, many sources of INPs, such as mineral and soil dust, have been investigated and identified in the lower latitudes. Although less is known about the sources of ice nucleation at higher latitudes, efforts have been made to identify the sources of INPs in the Arctic and boreal environments. In this study, we investigate the INP emission potential from high latitude boreal forests. We introduce the HyICE-2018 measurement campaign conducted in the boreal forest of Hyytiälä, Finland between February and June 2018. The campaign utilized the infrastructure of the SMEAR II research station with additional instrumentation for measuring INPs to quantify the concentrations and sources of INPs in the boreal environment. In this contribution, we describe the measurement infrastructure and operating procedures during HyICE-2018 and we report results from specific time periods where INP instruments were run in parallel for inter-comparison purposes. Our results show that the suite of instruments deployed during HyICE-2018 reports consistent results and therefore lays the foundation for forthcoming results to be considered holistically. In addition, we compare the INP concentration we measured to INP parameterizations, and we show a very good agreement with the Tobo et al. (2013) parameterization developed from measurements conducted in a ponderosa pine forest ecosystem in Colorado, USA.

Retrofitting for Energy Management

According to ISO 50001, energy management systems are increasingly being implemented in companies, with the continuous measurement of energy consumption playing an important role. At the same time, energy meters are increasingly becoming cyber-physical systems (CPS) in the IoT age. LPWAN radio networks and IoT clouds open up new possibilities for retrofitting meters and industrial components. By using these technologies, the measurement infrastructure of an energy monitoring system can be cost-effectively expanded. This section presents the technologies relevant for energy management and shows their application using selected use cases for LoRaWAN, OPC UA, and the combination of optical character recognition (OCR) and IoT Cloud.

Identification and Evaluation of Technical and Operational Parameters of Mobile Positive Pressure Ventilation Fans Used during Rescue Operations

Aim: The aim of the article is to indicate the essential technical and operational parameters of mobile fans and to present the proposed testing method- ologies (as well as dedicated infrastructure) allowing to confirm the indicated features. Project and methods: In many places around the world, scientists conduct tests related to the use of mechanical tactical ventilation with the use of mobile positive pressure ventilation fans. These devices are used by fire protection units, among others, for the removal of thermal decomposition products resulting from fires, posing a threat to people staying in construction facilities during events and hindering rescue operations. Achieving the expected effects through the use of mechanical tactical ventilation depends on many factors, among others, on the appropriate technical parameters and the ability to use the fan. Describing the essential features that should be characterized by the devices in question, attention in particular should be paid to: mobility, durability, reliability and effectiveness. To confirm these features, mobile fans should be tested using properly validated test methodologies. This publication presents a draft of the test program that allows to confirm the effectiveness of mobile fans, i.e. aerodynamic efficiency (flow rate), stream shape (area of the effective speed distribution), operating time, noise, weight and dimensions. Conclusions: Mobile fans used by fire protection units are an important tool supporting the effectiveness of rescue operations. However, in order for them to be used in an optimal way, it is necessary to comprehensively examine the technical parameters, and then – adequately to these parameters – to develop appropriate procedures for their use. In the context of the aforementioned testing, despite the large scientific achievements in this field, there are still areas that require improvement, with particular emphasis on standardized testing methodologies and the measurement infrastructure dedicated to them. For this reason, the authors indicated important technical and functional features that determine the effectiveness of mobile fans and recom - mended selected methods on the basis of which these features can be verified. The intention of the project is to provide rescuers with greater comfort when choosing and using the devices in question. The basis for this comfort is to be aware of the availability of equipment with confirmed functional characteristics and the possibility of referring to the developed guidelines for the proper use of fans in accordance with their parameters. Key words: mobile positive pressure ventilation fans, tests of mobile fans, functional properties of fans Article type: review article

The Importance of the Measurement Infrastructure in Economic Recovery from the COVID-19 Pandemic

This paper describes the many, evidenced-based benefits to the economy of a well-developed measurement infrastructure. In particular, it explains how assuring confidence in measurement may be used to accelerate economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic including in emerging sectors such as the digital economy. Recommendations are made for providing near term support for national economic recovery whilst also demonstrating the advantages of sustained development of the measurement infrastructure in the medium-term to maximize the potential of future innovative and disruptive technologies. These recommendations, whilst focused on consideration of the UK, should apply globally.

Progress towards atmospheric isotope ratio carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide reference materials that meet the WMO-GAW data quality objectives for compatibility

<p>Widely available reference materials that are traceable and consistent with international stable isotope scales are necessary in order to create a robust and sustainable global measurement infrastructure for isotope ratio of CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O.</p><p>We report on progress towards the production and certification of atmospheric amount fraction greenhouse gas reference materials with isotope ratios spanning the full atmospheric range. Reference materials are produced with a chosen delta value with uncertainties aiming to achieve the WMO GAW data quality objectives for extended compatibility of delta value of of ∂<sup>13</sup>C-CO<sub>2</sub> and ∂<sup>18</sup>O-CO<sub>2</sub> of 0.1‰ (northern hemisphere) and amount fraction of 0.2 µmolmol<sup>-1</sup> for CO<sub>2</sub> and 0.3 nmolmol<sup>-1</sup> for N<sub>2</sub>O at atmospheric amount fraction ranges.</p><p>To illustrate the work towards these challenging goals we present studies of sampling technique and isotope ratio stability with storage, pressure and cylinder passivation. The precision of blending and dilution of source gases is presented alongside studies of measurement instrument precision and drift. Contributing factors from matrix gases are also discussed. </p>

Availability analysis of the Brazilian’s national weather measurement system

Weather measurement systems became an important tool for the efficient operation of various economic activities. Automated irrigation systems, that improve agricultural productivity and reduce the consumption of water resources, relies on data collected by these systems, for example. Due to the inherent complexity of these systems (i.e. stations with multiple sensors communicating through multiple communication channels to cloud services), it is very important to have measures that clarify how faults behave allowing better planning of maintenance and establish a degree of systems' reliability. This work presents a study of the availability of all meteorological stations of the National Institute of Meteorology - INMET installed in the Brazilian territory in the year 2017. The results present the first analysis of this parameter and serve both for academic and commercial users, as a form of measurement of these systems' reliability, as well as for weather measurement infrastructure providers as a tool for improving the effectiveness of their maintenance policy and as a support for the strategic planning of new investments.

Pendekatan Implementasi Model Substractive Clustering Dalam Memetakan Dan Klasifikasi Data Perilaku Konsumen Listrik Tegangan Rendah Studi Kasus : Pelanggan PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Cengkareng

Electrical energy is one of the most important and vital human needs that cannot be released from daily needs. Customers also have begun to be critical of the purchase costs that must be paid every month. So by increasing electricity rates, improving efficiency in the use of electric power is a major consideration. The Advanced Measurement Infrastructure System (AMI) provides information on the use of granular energy for needs and customers. The IT system at AMI one of which uses EMS (Energy Management System) is an application to collect data from every smart meter installed in the customer, to store it in a database, and to connect the analysis and statistics of the data stored below. In this study aims to provide an analysis of electricity usage patterns by implementing AMI / Smart meters PT. PLN (Persero) by conducting a cluster of 1 phase and 3 phase electricity usage in customers of PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Cengkareng, namely the distribution booths DK60, TG70 and DK242 for 4 months, from November 2018 to February 2019. From the results of the study sought for customers 1 phase DK 60 with a radius of 0.5 produces 1 cluster that is stable every month depending on the customer at this substation is a household class customer, TG 70 requires stable and spending usage in December 2018, and DK 242 fix stable and use customers in the month December 2018 and January 2019, while for 3-phase DK 60 customers tend to be unstable because the customers of this apartment are different, starting from shops, production sites, and CV. TG 70 substations are predominantly places of worship, namely mosques and mosques, so the average use of mosques is higher, and for DK 242 3-phase customers need to be stable and use the highest in January 2019.AMI, System, EMS, Distribution Substation, Phase.