The concept of creativity in the problem field of modern social philosophy

This paper speaks of the growing interest in the category of creativity among the scientific community of interdisciplinary discourse, and the place of creativity among philosophical disciplines. Creativity as a property of the social environment is characteristic of the type of society in which traditions have not managed to become a universal form of behavior, prompting the subjects of society to permanently reflect on habitual patterns of behavior, the production of unique forms, and the original synthesis of previously known ideas and social practices. Being an integral property of the social and cultural environment as a whole, creativity ultimately reveals a person’s desire for novelty and marks the beginning of the digital revolution. The development of creativity due to explicitly specified external conditions contributes to its identification not only in a certain scientific environment, but also in the whole society, within which the creative class functions. Within the framework of the socio-philosophical context, the category of creativity reveals its potential based on the axiological approach. Tracing the rejection of the values of traditional society, the new values are those that contribute to the self-expression of a person, expanding the boundaries of his or her self-actualization.

The Unidirectionality of Grammaticalization in Modern Linguistics

The present article contains the results of study on unidirectionality of grammaticalization which is understood as a shift from lexical to grammatical signs. The research aims to find out and describe present approaches to the unidirectionality idea and identify the current tendency in attitudes towards this property of grammaticalization. The research methodology includes a content analysis of approaches to the unidirectionality issue, their generalization and analysis of some units questioning the unidirectionality of grammaticalization. The relevance of grammaticalization studies is due to a growing interest of Russian and foreign linguists in grammatical changes, current differences in identifying the main properties of such change as grammaticalization and terminological variation. The theoretical framework of this study is based on the research by T. Givn, Ch. Lehmann, T. Lindstrm, E. Traugott, B. Heine and other famous linguists working in the field of grammaticalization. It is noted that the issue of unidirectionality of grammaticalization is almost ignored in Russian linguistics where unidirectionality is often seen as an integral property of this process. The study results have shown the tendency to accepting the unidirectionality idea and a controversial nature of some examples used to overturn this idea. Such examples include English infinitival to , the verb to dare and the suffix -ish . It has been established that the terms degrammaticalization and lexicalization used to refer to processes opposite to grammaticalization can be considered reasonable depending on their understanding and the meaning of the term grammaticalization. This study is a part of a more extensive research aimed to describe and analyze the mechanisms of grammaticalization in Germanic languages.

Features of public roads cost evaluation

The evaluation of the property of road economy is a complex and important issue for the road sector. During carrying out the evaluation of the property, it is recommended to use regulations, provisions of national standards on property evaluation and regulations of the State Property Fund. Since the property of road economy can be attributed to a specialized type of property, which is the most useful in an integral property complex, then for its evaluation it is necessary to use cost approach methods. The article describes the methodical approaches and mechanisms of their implementation for evaluation of property of road economy. The basis of each of the methods is a set of evaluation procedures that will allow carrying out the evaluation. Practical approaches to property evaluation will promote a good coordination of the evaluation results and drawing up the reports and conclusions on their basis about evaluation of road economy property.

Exploring Secret Keys in Searching Integral Distinguishers Based on Division Property

Division property proposed by Todo at EUROCRYPT 2015 is a generalized integral property. Then, conventional bit-based division property (CBDP) and bitbased division property using three subsets (BDPT) were proposed by Todo and Morii at FSE 2016. At ASIACRYPT 2016, Xiang et al. extended Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) method to search integral distinguishers based on CBDP. And at ASIACRYPT 2019, Wang et al. proposed an MILP-aided method of searching integral distinguishers based on BDPT. Although BDPT is powerful in searching integral distinguishers, the accuracy is not perfect.For block cipher SPECK32, as the block size is only 32 bits, we can experimentally observe the behaviors of all the plaintexts under a fixed key. By testing 210 random secret keys, we experimentally find a better integral distinguisher of 6-round SPECK32 with 30 active bits. But this experimental integral distinguisher cannot be proved by existing methods. So there still exists a gap between the proved distinguisher and the experimental one.To fill the gap, we explore secret keys in searching integral distinguishers based on BDPT. We put forward a situation where “Xor with The Secret Key” operation can be bypassed. Based on the new BDPT propagation rule, an improved automatic algorithm of searching integral distinguishers is proposed. For SPECK32, our improved algorithm can find the 6-round integral distinguisher with 230 chosen plaintexts. The gap between the proved distinguisher and the experimental one is filled. Moreover, we apply this improved method to search the integral distinguishers of SPECK, KATAN/KTANTAN, SIMON, SIMECK, SIMON(102), PRESENT and RECTANGLE block ciphers. The integral distinguishers found by our improved method are better than or consistent with the previous longest distinguishers.

Criminal liability for bringing bankruptcy of certain business entities

The article distinguishes between financial insolvency and bankruptcy, which is recognized by the economic court as the debtor’sinability to satisfy monetary claims of creditors differently than through the application of the liquidation procedure. The legislation ofUkraine on criminal liability for bankruptcy provides for a fine of two thousand to three thousand non-taxable minimum incomes ofcitizens with the deprivation of the right to occupy certain positions or engage in certain activities for up to three years.Bringing an enterprise to bankruptcy, in particular state or state-owned, is very common in Ukraine and outwardly manifests itselfmainly as covert forms of privatization. Such actions against state-owned enterprises result not only in dubious privatization agreements,but also in the destruction of integral property complexes of strategically important objects for the state, a sharp rise in unemployment,and so on.The activity of agricultural enterprises plays an extremely important role in the development of the market economy of Ukraine,as it is caused by attracting a significant amount of investment in the economy of our country and improving the economic situation inUkraine. The share of agriculture in Ukraine’s GDP in 2019 was 8.9%, or almost 360 billion hryvnias.At the same time, for the bankruptcy of an agricultural or state-owned enterprise, the guilty person may be punished by a finewith restriction of the right to hold certain positions or engage in certain activities. The imposition of a penalty in the form of a finewith restriction of certain rights for the commission of this crime is not sufficient to achieve the purposes of punishment and entails aninjustice in the application of criminal law, which cannot be considered acceptable. Conclusions have been drawn on the need tostrengthen criminal liability for bankruptcy of an agricultural, state-owned enterprise and enterprise, in the authorized capital of whichthe share of state ownership exceeds 50 percent.

RNAs That Behave Like Prions

ABSTRACT The term “prion” was originally coined to describe the proteinaceous infectious agents involved in mammalian neurological disorders. More recently, a prion has been defined as a nonchromosomal, protein-based genetic element that is capable of converting the copies of its own benign variant into the prion form, with the new phenotypic effects that can be transmitted through the cytoplasm. Some prions are toxic to the cell, are able to aggregate and/or form amyloid structures, and may be infectious in the wild, but none of those traits are seen as an integral property of all prions. We propose that the definition of prion should be expanded, to include the inducible transmissible entities undergoing autocatalytic conversion and consisting of RNA rather than protein. We show that when seen in this framework, some naturally occurring RNAs, including ribozymes, riboswitches, viroids, viroid-like retroelements, and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), possess several of the characteristic properties of prions.

CONTEMPORARY RUSSIAN EDUCATION: INTERRELATION OF ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS ASPECTS

В статье рассмотрено содержательное становление этнического и религиозного аспектов в российском образовании как выработка у учащихся все обновляющихся понятий о ключевых человеческих добродетелях и качествах. Этот процесс предстает как фактор консолидации и единения народов. У дагестанских народов рассмотренные в статье качества подчеркивают их коллективистский менталитет, что особо значимо в условиях, когда ёмким и интегральным свойством современного человека предстает межэтническая, межнациональная и межконфессиональная толерантность. Процесс этот продолжается, несмотря на то, что реализация этноконфессионального потенциала народов в воспитании молодежи с каждым годом усложняется, встречает на своем пути не только объективные преграды глобализационных тенденций. The article discusses the meaningful formation of ethnic and religious aspects in Russian education as the development of ever-renewing concepts among students about key human virtues and qualities. This process appears as a factor in the consolidation and unity of peoples. Among the Dagestan peoples, the qualities considered in the article emphasize their collectivist mentality, which is especially significant in conditions where interethnic, interethnic, and interfaith tolerance appear to be a capacious and integral property of modern man. This process continues despite the fact that the realization of the ethno-confessional potential of peoples in the upbringing of youth is becoming more complicated every year, it encounters not only objective obstacles to globalization trends.

Quasi-Periodic Dendritic Metasurface for Integral Operation in Visible Light

A reflective metasurface model composed of silver dendritic units is designed in this study. The integral property of this metasurface, which consists of an upper layer of dendritic structures, a silica spacer, and a bottom silver substrate was demonstrated at visible wavelengths. The simulation results revealed that the metasurface can perform integral operation in the yellow and red bands; this can be easily generalized to the infrared and communication bands by scaling the transverse dimensions of this metasurface. A dendritic metasurface sample responding to red light was prepared via the bottom-up electrochemical deposition method. The integral operation property of the sample was verified experimentally. This dendritic metasurface, which can perform integral operation in visible light, can be used for big data processing technology, real-time signal processing, and beam shaping, and provides a new method for miniaturized and integrated all-optical signal processing systems.

Improved Security Evaluation of SPN Block Ciphers and its Applications in the Single-key Attack on SKINNY

In this paper, a new method for evaluating the integral property, truncated and impossible differentials for substitution-permutation network (SPN) block ciphers is proposed. The main assumption is an explicit description/expression of the internal state words in terms of the plaintext (ciphertext) words. By counting the number of times these words occur in the internal state expression, we can evaluate the resistance of a given block cipher to integral and impossible/truncated differential attacks more accurately than previous methods. More precisely, we explore the cryptographic consequences of uneven frequency of occurrences of plaintext (ciphertext) words appearing in the algebraic expression of the internal state words. This approach gives a new family of distinguishers employing different concepts such as the integral property, impossible/truncated differentials and the so-called zero-sum property. We then provide algorithms to determine the maximum number of rounds of such new types of distinguishers for SPN block ciphers. The potential and efficiency of this relatively simple method is confirmed through applications. For instance, in the case of SKINNY block cipher, several 10-round integral distinguishers, all of the 11-round impossible differentials, and a 7-round truncated differential could be determined. For the last case, using a single pair of plaintexts differing in three words so that (a = b = c) ≠ (a’ = b’ = c’), we are able to distinguish 7-round SKINNY from random permutations. More importantly, exploiting our distinguishers, we give the first practical attack on 11-round SKINNY-128-128 in the single-key setting (a theoretical attack reaches 16 rounds). Finally, using the same ideas, we provide a concise explanation on the existing distinguishers for round-reduced AES.