scholarly journals Immune and parasitological response in horses infected with gastrointestinal nematodes in the humid tropic of Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto González-Garduño ◽  
Ema Maldonado-Simán ◽  
Glafiro Torres-Hernández ◽  
José Luis Ponce Covarrubias ◽  
Jorge Oliva-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Serum Enzyme ◽  
Differential Leukocyte Count ◽  
Humid Tropic ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Stool Cultures ◽  
Parasitological Response

The objective of the study was to determine the parasitological and immune response in horses naturally re-infected with gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) after an- thelmintic treatment in the humid tropic of Mexico. The study was conducted in Tenosique, Tabasco, Mexico. A total of 30 horses were sampled monthly for nine months. Fecal samples were obtained to determine the number of nematode eggs per gram (EPG) of feces. Stool cultures were performed to obtain and identify infective larvae (L3) genera. Blood samples were also obtained to determine the packed cell volume (PCV), the total plasma protein (TPP), and the differential leukocyte count (DLC). Serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were performed to determine IgA levels against adult cyathostomins and Strongylus nematode antigen. The analyses considered the age and gender of the horses, and the season (Cold, rainy and dry). The number of EPG and TPP were higher in females (1224 ± 1269 and 7.6 ± 0.6 gdL−1, respectively) than males (623 ± 671 and 7.4 ± 0.5 gdL−1, respectively), and no differences were observed with animal age (p > 0.05). The number of EPG increased in the rainy season. The main nematodes involved were of the subfamily Cyathostominae (97.4%) and to a lesser degree of species Strongylus equinus, S. edentatus, S. vulgaris, and Oxyuris equii. The season affected the leukocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes counts but not eosinophils. Variables such as gender, animal age, and environmental conditions are important elements for a diagnosis of GIN and the application of treatments for its control.

scholarly journals Haematological variables of Santa Ines and Ile de France suckling lambs: Influence of Haemonchus contortus infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 882-891
Author(s):  
José Gabriel G. Lins ◽  
Fabiana A. Almeida ◽  
Alessandro F.T. Amarante
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasite ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Differential Leukocyte Count ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
Santa Inês ◽  
Blood Variables

ABSTRACT: Haemonchus contortus is the major gastrointestinal parasite of sheep raised in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. This trial aimed to evaluate the influence of H. contortus infection on the bone marrow response of Santa Ines (SI) and Ile de France (IF) suckling lambs experimentally infected with H. contortus. Fourteen SI lambs and 12 IF lambs were randomized in four groups: infected SI (n=8), non-infected SI (n=6), infected IF (n=8) and non-infected IF (n=4). Lambs of infected groups were submitted to 27 infections, conducted every two days, from 14 to 68 days of age, and each lamb received a total of 5400 H. contortus infective larvae (L3). Ten blood samples were obtained during the experimental period to be used for erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, packed cell volume and total plasma protein estimation. Additionally, it was carried out a differential leukocyte count. Lambs from control groups did not shed eggs in faeces all over the experiment, while infected Santa Ines and Ile de France lambs presented means of 2963 EPG (Eggs Per Gram of faeces) and 8175 EPG in the last sampling (P<0.05), respectively. Infected Santa Ines lambs had an increase in eosinophil release, however differences (P<0.05) on circulation number in comparison with infected Ile de France lambs were identified only in the last sampling (54 days post first infection). The mild H. cortortus infection did not produce significant changes in the blood variables of the Ile de France and Santa Ines suckling lambs.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Safety Examination of Ethanol Extract of Justicia Carnae on PHZ -Produced Anaemia in Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
Igwe, K ◽  
Ikpeazu V ◽  
Otuokere I
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Enzyme ◽  
Differential Leukocyte Count ◽  
Treatment Groups

The leaves of Justicia carnae were screened for a hematological and biochemical response using serum enzyme activities in rats. Twenty-five rats were used in this research and were grouped into 5 of 5 rats each. Group 1 was a negative control group and was treated with distilled water. Groups 2 entreated anaemic, 3, 4 and 5 were treatment groups and received 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of the J. carnae extract, respectively. Anaemic was induced with Phenylhydrazine (PHZ). The rats were treated for 14 days, thereafter was sacrificed and blood collected from the heart for analysis. The effect of J. carnae extract was checked on hematological parameters and serum enzyme activities. All results in treatment groups were compared with the untreated anaemic group 2 at statistical confidence p<0.05. The normal control group saved as a reference point. There was a progressive elevation of haematological parameters as the dose of the extract increased from 100, 200, to 400 mg/kg body weight compared to the untreated anaemic group. Hematological parameters, PCV, RBC, Haemoglobin increased significantly at (p<0.05). Total leukocyte count elevated but not significant. Differential leukocyte count indicated very mild lymphopenia neutrophilia, monocytopenia, and eosinopenia but were not significant. Clinical biochemical parameters, AST, ALT and ALP showed slight decrease but not significant. Creatinine, total protein, urea, and bilirubin mildly increased as the dose of the extract increased but within normal range and so was not statistically significant. The MCV, MCH and MCHC values suggested normocytic normochromic anaemic condition. It was concluded that the extract of J. carnae is safe to blood cells, liver, and kidney marker enzymes at doses < 400 mg/kg body weight.

Efficacy of anthelmintic Eprimek against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
V. I. Kolesnikov
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
The North ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Flotation Technique ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of the research is studying the efficacy of Eprimek (Eprinomectin) against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep.Materials and methods. A commercial experiment to study the antiparasitic efficacy of Eprimek was carried out in June 2020 on 300 lambs of the North Caucasian breed in a private flock of Filimonovskaya Village, Izobilnensky District, the Stavropol Territory, which were divided into two groups. The experimental group of lambs (290 animals) was injected Eprimek subcutaneously at the earset at a dose of 1 ml/50 kg of live weight (10 mg of Eprinomectin in 1 ml), and 10 lambs were not treated; they were used as control. We collected feces from the lambs of the experimental and control groups before administration of the drugs and after 15 and 30 days. Fecal samples were examined by the flotation technique with a saturated solution of ammonium nitrate with counting nematode eggs in 1 g of feces. The results were processed statistically.Results and discussion. Eprimek showed a decrease in the number of excreted helminth eggs from 225.1±28.2 to 4.1±2.3 in production environment at a dose of 1 ml/50 kg of live weight, according to coprological studies on the 15th day after treatment in the experimental group of lambs. The efficacy was 98.2%, and 70% of the animals were free from the infection. The intensity of infection of the control lambs by gastrointestinal nematodes was 131–151 eggs per 1 g of feces at 100% prevalence.

scholarly journals Immune function during pregnancy varies between ecologically distinct populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-128
Author(s):  
Carmen Hové ◽  
Benjamin C Trumble ◽  
Amy S Anderson ◽  
Jonathan Stieglitz ◽  
Hillard Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Differential Leukocyte Count ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Immunological Changes ◽  
Fetal Antigens ◽  
Pathogen Exposure

Abstract Background and objectives Among placental mammals, females undergo immunological shifts during pregnancy to accommodate the fetus (i.e. fetal tolerance). Fetal tolerance has primarily been characterized within post-industrial populations experiencing evolutionarily novel conditions (e.g. reduced pathogen exposure), which may shape maternal response to fetal antigens. This study investigates how ecological conditions affect maternal immune status during pregnancy by comparing the direction and magnitude of immunological changes associated with each trimester among the Tsimane (a subsistence population subjected to high pathogen load) and women in the USA. Methodology Data from the Tsimane Health and Life History Project (N = 935) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N = 1395) were used to estimate population-specific effects of trimester on differential leukocyte count and C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation. Results In both populations, pregnancy was associated with increased neutrophil prevalence, reduced lymphocyte and eosinophil count and elevated CRP. Compared to their US counterparts, pregnant Tsimane women exhibited elevated lymphocyte and eosinophil counts, fewer neutrophils and monocytes and lower CRP. Total leukocyte count remained high and unchanged among pregnant Tsimane women while pregnant US women exhibited substantially elevated counts, resulting in overlapping leukocyte prevalence among all third-trimester individuals. Conclusions and implications Our findings indicate that ecological conditions shape non-pregnant immune baselines and the magnitude of immunological shifts during pregnancy via developmental constraints and current trade-offs. Future research should investigate how such flexibility impacts maternal health and disease susceptibility, particularly the degree to which chronic pathogen exposure might dampen inflammatory response to fetal antigens. Lay Summary This study compares immunological changes associated with pregnancy between the Tsimane (an Amazonian subsistence population) and individuals in the USA. Results suggest that while pregnancy enhances non-specific defenses and dampens both antigen-specific immunity and parasite/allergy response, ecological conditions strongly influence immune baselines and the magnitude of shifts during gestation.

scholarly journals Haematological reference of snakes: Amazon tree boa (Corallus hortulanus, Linnaeus, 1758) and Burmenese Python (Python bivittatus, Kuhl, 1820) in captive

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1172-1178
Author(s):  
A.E. Quadrini ◽  
V.C. Garcia ◽  
B.C. Freire ◽  
M.F.M. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Differential Leukocyte Count ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
The Family ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Maintenance Techniques ◽  
Python Bivittatus

ABSTRACT Hematology has become important for making clinical diagnoses in snakes because maintenance techniques in captivity have been improving and increasing their life expectancy. The emergence of diseases in captivity requires the creation of parameters to understand the species in their healthy state. The possible association between the onset of neoplasia, immunosuppression, and viral infection are also important factors to consider. Thus, hematology is a fundamental tool for observing the responses of animals to diseases and treatments. The present study aims to study hematology between two species of snakes and compare the profiles observed with published results. Blood samples were collected from 16 male and female snakes: seven Corallus hortulanus from the family Boidae and nine Python bivittatus from the family Pythonidae belonging to the Biological Museum of the Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil. Complete blood count results including blood smear, total erythrocyte count, leukocytes, and differential leukocyte count were evaluated. The data obtained in this study could help with the diagnosis, the treatment of snakes in captive conditions and in of nature conservation programs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Cassia Occidentalis Leaves in Neutrophil Adhesion Test in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-s) ◽  
pp. 1218-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhaval M Patel ◽  
Advaita B Patel ◽  
Riddhi D Trivedi ◽  
Viram J Parmar ◽  
Urvisha V Bangoriya
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neutrophil Adhesion ◽  
Adhesion Test ◽  
Differential Leukocyte Count ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Cassia Occidentalis ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Blood Smears

Evaluation of the effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of Cassia occidentalis leaves in neutrophil adhesion test in Rats. The effect of oral administration of hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia occidentalis leaves on neutrophil has been studied and is compared with control group on rats. The differential leukocyte count (DLC) was performed by fixing the blood smears and staining with leucofine and percent neutrophils in each sample was determined. After the initial counts, blood samples were incubated with 80 mg/ml of nylon fibers for 10 min at 37ºC. Supplementation with hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia occidentalis leaves significantly decreased neutrophil adhesion. The results indicate that the leaf of Cassia occidentalis is endowed with protected neutrophil adhesion. These effects could conclude that Cassia occidentalis has an antiasthmatic property. Keywords: Cassia occidentalis, Neutrophil adhesion, analysis of variance

scholarly journals Effects of Imidacloprid-Contaminated Feed Exposure on Hematological Parameters in Adult Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-444
Author(s):  
Md Alamgir Kobir ◽  
Latifa Akther ◽  
Imam Hasan ◽  
Md Ahosanul Haque Shahid ◽  
Ziaul Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Cell Analysis ◽  
Differential Leukocyte Count ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Important Index ◽  
Fresh Vegetables

Blood parameters are an important index to assess the body homeostasis in mammals. Here, the effect of pesticide (imidacloprid) contaminated feed exposure on the haematological parameters of adult rabbits (n=15) was studied. Pesticides (Imidacloprid, Bildor® 0.5ml (100mg)/L water spray on vegetables and green grass) exposed feed fed to rabbits with wash (washed feed rabbit) or without a wash (not washed feed rabbit) in the once-daily morning for every alternative day up to 15 days. Control rabbits have received a standard diet (fresh vegetables and green grass). The blood cell analysis showed that the total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, and haemoglobin values were not changed significantly in pesticide exposed rabbit. For differential leukocyte count, the percentage of neutrophil and eosinophil was significantly decreased in the pesticide-exposed rabbit as compared to the control rabbit. The lymphocyte percentage was increased significantly in pesticide-exposed rabbits compared to control rabbits. Interestingly, the number of lymphocytes was significantly increased in not washed feed rabbits compared to wash feed rabbits. The results of the present study suggest that residue of agriculturally used pesticides may affect the body homeostasis of animals. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(3): 439-444,  December 2020

scholarly journals Valores hematológicos do gavião carijó Buteo magnirostris (GMELIN, 1788) (AVE, FALCONIFORME)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Antenor A. Santos ◽  
Adriana A. Joper ◽  
Mizue I. Egami
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Total Count ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Differential Leukocyte Count ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Green Area ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Spherical Core

RESUMO: Os animais utilizados neste trabalho foram fornecidos pelo Departamento de Parque de Área Verde (SP). As amostras de sangue foram colhidas entre agosto de 1999 a novembro de 2001 e determinados os seguintes parâmetros hematológicos: contagem total de eritrócitos (Er), hematócrito (Ht), taxa de hemoglobina (Hb), contagem total e diferencial de leucócitos, índices hematimétricos absolutos VCM e CHCM. Foi realizada também a descrição morfológica das células sanguíneas em extensões sanguíneas após aplicação do método de Leishman. Os valores referentes à série eritrocítica apresentaram as seguintes médias: Er= 2,62 ± 0.48 x 106/µL; Ht=43,16 ± 11,19%; Hb= 14,59 ± 3,38g/dl; VCM=166,33 fL; CHCM= 33,84 ± 2,55g/dl e àqueles referentes a contagem de leucócitos apresentaram média: Lc= 3,95 ± 2,06 x 103/µL; Ht=45,33 ± 9,48%; Eo=17,66 ± 10,40%; B=7,3 ± 3,05%; L= 27,33 ± 11,53% e M= 2 ± 2,30%. Foram observados eritrócitos elípticos, com núcleo heterocromático alongado e citoplasma acidófilo; trombócitos elípticos com núcleo basófilo, cromatina condensada e citoplasma hialino; heterófilos esféricos, com núcleo lobulado e presença de grânulos acidófilos fusiformes; eosinófilos esféricos com núcleo lobulado apresentando grânulos eosinófilos esféricos; basófilos com núcleo volumoso e grânulos basófilos; linfócitos de aspecto irregular, com núcleo esférico e grânulos azurófilos; monócitos esféricos, com núcleo reniforme, cromatina frouxa, nucléolo visível e grânulos azurófilos finos.Palavras-chave: Gavião Carijó; Buteo magnirostris; Hematologia. ABSTRACT: The animals used in this study were provided by the Green Area Park Department (SP). Blood samples were collected from August 1999 to November 2001 and determined the following hematological parameters: total count of erythrocytes (Er), hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb), total count and differential leukocyte count, erythrocyte indices absolute MCV and MCHC. It also performed the morphological description of the blood cells in blood smears after application of Leishman method. The figures for the erythrocyte series presented the following averages: Er = 2.62 ± 0:48 x 106 / µL; Ht = 43.16 ± 11.19%; Hb = 14.59 ± 3,38g / dl; VCM = 166.33 fL; MCHC = 33.84 ± 2.55g / dl and those related to leukocyte count showed average: Lc = 3.95 ± 2.06 x 103 / µL; Ht = 45.33 ± 9.48%; And = 17.66 ± 10.40%; B = 7.3 ± 3.05%; L = 27.33 ± 11.53% and M = 2 ± 2.30%. erythrocytes were observed elliptical, with elongated heterochromatic nucleus and cytoplasm acidophilus; thrombocytes Elliptical with basophil nucleus, condensed chromatin and hyaline cytoplasm; Spherical heterophile with lobed nucleus and presence of acidophilic spindle granules; eosinophil-lobed spherical core having eosinophils spherical granules; basophils with large nuclei and basophil granules; irregular aspect of lymphocytes, with spherical core and azurophilic granules; Spherical monocyte, a kidney-shaped core, loose chromatin and nucleoli visible fine azurophilic granules.Keywords: Sparrowhawk Carijó; Buteo magnirostris; Hematology.

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