A new modeling and existence–uniqueness analysis for Babesiosis disease of fractional order

In this study, we consider the dynamics of the Babesiosis transmission on bovine populations and ticks. The most important role in the transmission of the parasite is the ticks from the Ixodidae family. The vector tick takes factors (merozoites in erythrocytes) from the diseased animal while sucking the blood. To model and investigate the transmissions of this parasite and address this important issue, we have considered the disease in a fractional epidemiological model. This paper, therefore, discusses the mechanisms of transmission of Babesiosis defined in the fractional derivative sense. The Caputo–Fabrizio (CF) derivative is considered to study the propagation mechanisms of Babesiosis. First, the important characteristics of the model have been presented, and then the transmission of the Babesiosis model defined in CF is discussed. The application of fixed-point theory is used to derive the concept of the qualitative properties of the mentioned model. The solution is obtained by using the Homotopy perturbation Elzaki transform method (HPETM). Numerical simulations are performed, and the effects of the arbitrary-order derivatives are investigated graphically.

Identification of an intraocular microbiota

The current dogma in ophthalmology and vision research presumes the intraocular environment to be sterile. However, recent evidence of intestinal bacterial translocation into the bloodstream and many other internal organs including the eyes, found in healthy and diseased animal models, suggests that the intraocular cavity may also be inhabited by a microbial community. Here, we tested intraocular samples from over 1000 human eyes. Using quantitative PCR, negative staining transmission electron microscopy, direct culture, and high-throughput sequencing technologies, we demonstrated the presence of intraocular bacteria. The possibility that the microbiome from these low-biomass communities could be a contamination from other tissues and reagents was carefully evaluated and excluded. We also provide preliminary evidence that a disease-specific microbial signature characterized the intraocular environment of patients with age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma, suggesting that either spontaneous or pathogenic bacterial translocation may be associated with these common sight-threatening conditions. Furthermore, we revealed the presence of an intraocular microbiome in normal eyes from non-human mammals and demonstrated that this varied across species (rat, rabbit, pig, and macaque) and was established after birth. These findings represent the first-ever evidence of intraocular microbiota in humans.

Toxoplasma gondii infection in two captive Patagonian maras

Toxoplasma gondii infection was diagnosed in 2 captive Patagonian maras ( Dolichotis patagonum). One animal developed fatal systemic toxoplasmosis and had concurrent localized bacterial and fungal infections; its daughter remained clinically healthy. Microscopic findings included acute, coagulative necrosis, lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrates, and extra- and intracellular parasites in the liver, myocardium, urinary bladder, and adrenal glands of the diseased animal. PCR and subsequent genotyping of parasites from fresh tissue from both cases revealed infection with T. gondii genotype II. Direct agglutination testing of blood from the healthy individual revealed high levels of T. gondii IgG antibodies. T. gondii is a potential cause of disease and lethality in captive and wild Patagonian maras, and toxoplasmosis should be considered when managing and providing veterinary care for this species.

Halal System in Meat Industries

Halal certification is one of the prerequisites for entering the global halal market. It does provide recognition of quality and safe product through the concept of halalan toyyiban for the entire supply chain, from farm to fork. In halal meat industry, the system covers from practicing good animal husbandry in the farm until the post-slaughter management in order to maintain the halal status. Animal welfare aspect and ante-mortem inspection were also highlighted in reducing the chances of slaughtering the injured or diseased animal which may not only affecting the meat quality but unhealthy for consumption. Rapid bleeding resulting from the slaughtering process will increases the shelf-life of the meat by reducing the risk of carcass contamination and product deterioration. As the concept of toyyiban (wholesomeness) is practice, the meat is free from any microbiological, physical and chemical hazards.

SR9009 has REV-ERB–independent effects on cell proliferation and metabolism

The nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and -β link circadian rhythms and metabolism. Like other nuclear receptors, REV-ERB activity can be regulated by ligands, including naturally occurring heme. A putative ligand, SR9009, has been reported to elicit a range of beneficial effects in healthy as well as diseased animal models and cell systems. However, the direct involvement of REV-ERBs in these effects of SR9009 has not been thoroughly assessed, as experiments were not performed in the complete absence of both proteins. Here, we report the generation of a mouse model for conditional genetic deletion of REV-ERBα and -β. We show that SR9009 can decrease cell viability, rewire cellular metabolism, and alter gene transcription in hepatocytes and embryonic stem cells lacking both REV-ERBα and -β. Thus, the effects of SR9009 cannot be used solely as surrogate for REV-ERB activity.

Treatment of cats for associated bordetellosis in the private sector of Poltava

For suspicion of an infectious disease of cats, diagnostic tests were conducted. From the purulent leakages of the nasal cavity of the cat, pure cultures of the Bordetal, Escherichia and Staphylococcus cultures were obtained. Differential environments were used for this purpose. For effective treatment, each of the isolated cultures was tested for antibacterial sensitivity. According to the results, isolated cultures showed the highest sensitivity to gentamicin and enrofloxacin. Given the sensitivity of the isolated microflora, enrofloxacin-50 was used in the range of 0.1 ml per 1 kg of body weight for 5 days subcutaneously. Cats are a kind of animals that are sensitive to antibacterial substances. The choice of enrofloxacin was due to the lack of reactions and sensitivity to this drug in cats. As the immunomodulatory agents, which increase the overall resistance of the body used Katozal and Gamavat. Katozal was used for cats once a day subcutaneously for 5 days, at a dose of 0.5 ml for 5 days. Gamavit was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 0.3–0.5 ml/kg body weight (therapeutic dose). Tetravit was used as a vitamin preparation. It was injected subcutaneously 0.3 ml; once in 7 days. Improvement of the clinical condition of the diseased animal was observed the second day after the start of treatment; the animal revived, appetite appeared, the mucus-purulent discharge from the nasal cavity stopped. As bordeliosis is transmitted by airborne droplet, air disinfection was carried out using a bactericidal irradiator BactoSfera OBB 36 P with a quartz lamp. To disinfect the bactericidal lamp was switched on every day – in the morning and evening for 20 minutes.

Isolation and Identification of Uterine Microorganisms in Postpartum Dairy Cows

The aim of this study was to isolate and identify uterine microorganisms in postpartum cows and to observe the occurrence of uterine infection in crossbred and local cows. One hundred and nine samples, from both crossbred and local dairy cows were collected from Chittagong area. They were inseminated artificially (n=89) and naturally (n=20). Samples were collected at least 3 months after calving. Among the selected cows, 33 had different reproductive diseases and the rest were from apparently healthy cows. The crossbred dairy cows were more susceptible to reproductive diseases (19.27%) than the local ones. Uterine infection was higher (52%) in cows inseminated artificially than that of natural ones (21.21%). Nineteen different types of bacteria were isolated from both diseased and healthy animals, except Clostridium spp and Nocardia spp which were not found in diseased animal. Likewise, Bacillus spp and Salmonella spp were absent in healthy animals. Most prevalent bacteria in diseased animal were Staphylococcus spp and Streptococcus spp found in 33% and 27.3% of the cases respectively. In non-diseased cases, the highest number of samples was positive for Bacteroied spp (13.2%) followed by Streptococcus spp (10.4%). On average, the highest number of bacterial population was isolated from diseased samples and most of those bacteria are pathogenic. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v28i1.11804 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 28, Number 1, June 2011, pp 19-23

Hobi-like pestivirus: both biotypes isolated from a diseased animal

A Hobi-like pestivirus pair consisting of cytopathogenic (cp) and non-cytopathogenic (noncp) strains, Italy 83/10cp and Italy 83/10ncp, was isolated from the lung of a heifer that died of respiratory disease. The noncp and cp viruses were isolated on Madin–Darby bovine kidney cells and separated by plaque purification and end point dilution. Analysis of the nearly full-length genomes revealed that the two viruses were very closely related to each other and to the noncp Hobi-like strain Italy 1/10-1, which had been isolated a few weeks earlier from the same herd. One major difference between noncp and cp viruses concerned the presence of a cellular Jiv sequence in the 3′ domain of the NS2-encoding region of the cp strain. This is the first study, to our knowledge, reporting the isolation and molecular characterization of a Hobi-like virus pair.

Regional function-structure relationships in lungs of an elastase murine model of emphysema

Changes in lung function and structure were studied using hyperpolarized 3He MRI in an elastase-induced murine model of emphysema. The combined analysis of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional ventilation ( R) were used to distinguish emphysematous changes and also to develop a model for classifying sections of the lung into diseased and normal. Twelve healthy male BALB/c mice (26 ± 2 g) were randomized into healthy and elastase-induced mice and studied ∼8–11 wk after model induction. ADC and R were measured at a submillimeter planar resolution. Chord length ( L x) data were analyzed from histology samples from the corresponding imaged slices. Logistic regression was applied to estimate the probability that an imaged pixel came from a diseased animal, and bootstrap methods (1,000 samples) were used to compare the regression results for the morphological and imaging results. Multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA) was used to analyze transformed ADC (ADCBC), and R ( RBC) data and also to control for the experiment-wide error rate. MANOVA and ANOVA showed that elastase induced a statistically measureable change in the average transformed L x and ADCBC but not in the average RBC. Marginal mean analysis demonstrated that ADCBC was on average 0.19 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.16, 0.22] higher in the emphysema group, whereas RBC was on average 0.05 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.06) lower. Logistic regression supported the hypothesis that ADCBC and RBC, together, were better at differentiating normal from diseased tissue than either measurement alone. The odds ratios for ADCBC and RBC were 7.73 (95% CI: 5.23, 11.42) and 9.14 × 10−5 (95% CI: 3.33 × 10−5, 25.06 × 10−5), respectively. Using a 50% probability cutoff, this model classified 70.6% of pixels correctly. The sensitivity and specificity of this model at the 50% cutoff were 74.9% and 65.2%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.76 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.78). The regression model presented can be used to map MRI data to disease probability maps. These probability maps present a future possibility of using both measurements in a more clinically feasible method of diagnosing this disease.