INFLUENCE OF STATE GRANTS UPON EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ENTERPRISES IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

This report aims to analyze the impact of state grants upon the effectiveness efficiency of the enterprises in the Agricultural sector. The presence/absence of the correlation between the “received state grants - financial results from the activity of the agricultural enterprises” was studied. The efficiency of agricultural enterprises is expressed through the indicators of profitability and productivity. The empirical data for a period of 10 years 2008 – 2017 were shown in the study. The main activities of the surveyed enterprises are crop, livestock and combined - crop-livestock. Based on the results obtained, it is expected that the receipt of grants will have a positive influence on the performance of enterprises in the agricultural sector, measured by indicators of effectiveness and productivity. The following research hypotheses have been proved: the positive effect of the grant is more obvious in larger agricultural enterprises, which have higher productivity and profitability compared to small and medium-sized farms; agricultural enterprises which receive grants and are characterized by higher investment activity and are also characterized by higher innovation activity; based on the predominant number of crop enterprises, it is assumed that this type of activity leads to the achievement of higher financial results as a result of the activity of the agricultural enterprises; the age of the enterprises, expressed through the years of their activity, contributes significantly to higher profitability and productivity of the carried out activity.

Science: a search for a new knowledge or a branch of the economy?

Russian science is increasingly becoming an applied technological in its character. Hence the list of a prioritized fields of science, active inception of an innovative grant-based principle at Russian Foundation for Basic Research and Russian Science Foundation, technology-oriented segments of a National project "Science", etc. However, it is known that the essence of scientific work is a generation of new knowledge that cannot be quantified. As a result, an extremely dangerous substitution of concepts occurs: “the quality of new knowledge” is replaced by the “quality of fulfilling the state grants”, which is determined by the number of published articles and the journal's impact factor. Accordingly, the system of stimulating scientific activity in scientific organizations of Russia is focused on the growth of publication activity of scientific employees. Economic models are known in game theory, which are allows different strategies of players and allow in the current situation to build a balanced research stimulation system in a separate institute that pursues two clearly defined and different goals - obtaining fundamental scientific results and fulfilling publicationindicators according to the state grants.

Prospects of Development of the Agrarian Sector of Russian Economy

The purpose of the work includes identification of the main problems of the agrarian sector of the economy of Russia and some ways of their solution. The author of article in the course of the research analyzed the main state measures stimulating development of the Russian agricultural producers and revealed restrictive factors. The author designated the prospects of development of the agrarian sector of Russia on the basis of foreign experience of the state support of agrarian formations. One of the key proposals of the author is the model of the state support of agrarian financial and industrial groups. The central place in the recommended model is taken by process of issue of state grants for financing of innovative projects. The author designated three types of such projects: innovative capital investments in the field of introduction of the special harvest equipment; the innovative projects having a certain experience of application in Russia (more than 3 years); new innovative projects.

Leftist Politics and the Limits of Microcredit in Argentina

The success of microcredit lending programs depends in part on the regulatory framework that policymakers create to support them. A fact that many microcredit analyses often ignore or overlook is that this framework is shaped by both ideological and partisan political considerations of policymakers. In Argentina, the Peronist governments of Néstor and Cristina Kirchner launched and supported a state-centered microcredit program characterized by strict loan conditions and direct state grants for capital and operational costs to existing non-profit organizations that were largely supportive of Peronism. Provinces and municipalities governed by anti-Peronists refused to participate. As a result, the National Microcredit Program has come to mimic past patronage based policies to a significant extent, engendering dependency on government resources, and thereby threatening its long-term viability. This article explores the impact of the left's ideological and political project on microcredit policy, implementation, and outcomes in Argentina.

Levels of poverty and the poverty gap in rural Limpopo

Purpose/objectives: The aim of this paper is to obtain a better understanding of the income and expenditure patterns of selected deep rural villages. This is done by measuring the level of poverty and/or the poverty gap of 132 households in Limpopo, one of the poorest provinces in South Africa. Problem investigated: The Millennium Declaration symbolises the commitment to end extreme poverty, but limited data is available for rural areas to inform policy decisions. The relative income shares for individuals, households and percentile groups within a population provide the best information on poverty for policy formulation. The nature and size distribution of income are therefore central to analysing the poverty problem within low-income areas. The survey area is one of the poorest areas in South Africa, and shows what data is needed to measure and understand the extent of poverty. Design/Method/Approach: A representative sample of 132 households was drawn, which represents 6,9 percent of the estimated 1900 households in selected villages of rural Limpopo. A total of 740 household members were represented in the survey, with an average of 5,6 members per household. Originality/Value: Although this is a relatively small sample, it generated much-needed data on this very poor area of South Africa. Detailed empirical data on the income and expenditure patterns is not available, especially for rural areas. The socio-economic data from this research supported an important health project of the Water and Health Research Unit (WHRU) of the University of Johannesburg. The article also lays the foundation for further research in this field of study, facilitating engagement with a number of related debates such as those about satisfaction of life, vulnerability to poverty, the geography of deprivation and the mapping of poverty. Conclusion: The main finding is that the government provides for many needs of the poor, especially in the deep rural areas. Only 18 percent of the sample households did not receive a state grant in 2007. This was an injection of R88 800 or 33,4 percent of the total income per month, which excludes the social wage in terms of free basic water, electricity, subsidised or free housing, health care subsidies and other support to poor people and rural communities. Of the 485 non-economically active people in the sample, more than 364 or 75 percent receive an income, mainly in the form of state grants. Education suggests itself as a route out of poverty, rather than the child grant and other subsidies that encourage poor people to have more children. Poor couples and single-member households fall through the safety net, because they do not qualify for state grants and have no children yet.