A Metafisica da Vontade e as Ciências: um estudo em Schopenhauer sobre a natureza humana

O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em tentar explicitar uma possível relação entre o argumento do filósofo Arthur Schopenhauer acerca da natureza humana, à luz de sua metafísica da vontade, e aspectos das ciências empíricas, tomadas aqui enquanto base para uma filosofia imanente da natureza. Para tanto, algumas obras importantes foram adotadas como base deste estudo, tais como: O Mundo como Vontade e Representação e Sobre Vontade na Natureza. Inicialmente, procurou-se aproximar alguns elementos de sua formação científica e investigar como o autor utiliza os recursos das ciências da vida em sua metafísica, transferindo seus argumentos filosóficos para áreas de estudo como a fisiologia. Em seguida pretendeu-se com explorar uma espécie de argumento naturalista, à medida que adentra o panorama observacional do filósofo. O objetivo não é estabelecer uma defesa desta visão, mas compreender a dinâmica desta intelecção sobre natureza, o que permitirá examinar dimensões tanto do ponto de vista naturalista quanto existencial, intimamente relacionadas com a sujeição do homem a um princípio volitivo.Palavras-chave: Schopenhauer. Ciências. Metafísica. Natureza Humana. The Metaphysics of Will and The Sciences: a study in Schopenhauer on human natureABSTRACTThe objective of this paper is to try to explain a possible relationship between the argument of the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer about human nature, in the light of his metaphysics of will, and aspects of the empirical sciences, taken here as the basis for an immanent philosophy of nature. Therefore, some important works were adopted as the basis for this study, such as: The World as Will and Representation and About Will in Nature. Initially, an attempt was made to bring together some elements of his scientific training and investigate how the author uses the resources of life sciences in his metaphysics, transferring his philosophical arguments to areas of study such as physiology. Then, it was intended to explore a kind of naturalist argument, as it enters the observational panorama of the philosopher. The objective is not to establish a defense of this vision, but to understand the dynamics of this understanding of nature, which will allow us to examine dimensions both from a naturalistic and an existential point of view, closely related to the subjection of man to a volitional principle.Keywords: Schopenhauer. Science. Metaphysics. Human Nature.

CONCEPTION D’UN LIVRE NUMÉRIQUE SUR LES CIRCUITS ÉLECTRIQUES ET FORMATION DES ENSEIGNANTS / DESIGN OF A NUMERIC BOOK ON ELECTRIC CIRCUITS AND TEACHER EDUCATION

<p>Dans la présente recherche, nous présentons un résumé des travaux réalisés de par le monde sur la formation scientifique des enseignants des écoles primaires et nous verrons qu’elle est insuffisante pour initier les élèves aux sciences. Ensuite, nous esquissons une synthèse des recherches qui développent des environnements didactiques axés sur l’expérimentation, en vue d’aider les enseignants à acquérir les rudiments de la démarche expérimentale. Finalement, nous illustrons la structure générale d'un livre numérique portant sur l'expérimentation relative aux fonctionnements de circuits électriques simples, suivis de quelques commentaires d'étudiants québécois en formation qui l'ont étudié dans le cadre d'un cours universitaire portant sur la didactique des sciences et des technologies, au primaire.</p><p> </p><p>In this research, we present a summary of the work done around the world on the scientific training of primary school teachers and we will see that their training is deficient. Then, we sketch a synthesis of research that develops didactic environments focused on experimentation, to give teachers, the basics of the experimental approach. Finally, we illustrate the general structure of a digital book on experimentation related to the operation of simple electrical circuits, followed by some comments from Quebec students in training who experimented with it in a university course on the didactics of sciences and technologies at the primary level.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0975/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Weightlifting for Children and Adolescents: A Narrative Review

The involvement of youth in the sport of weightlifting and the use of weightlifting methods as part of training for youth sport performance appears to be increasing. Weightlifting for children and adolescents has been criticized in some circles and is a controversial aspect of resistance training for young people. Although injuries can occur during weightlifting and related activities, the incidence and rate of injury appear to be relatively low and severe injury is uncommon. A number of performance, physical, and physiological variables, such as body composition, strength, and power, are improved by weightlifting training in children, adolescents, and young athletes. Manipulating program variables, when appropriate, can have a substantial and profound influence on the psychological, physiological, physical, and performance aspects of weightlifters. An understanding of the sport, scientific training principles, and musculoskeletal growth development is necessary to properly construct a reasonable and appropriate training program. A scientific background aids in providing an evidenced basis and sound rationale in selecting appropriate methods and directing adaptations toward more specific goals and enables the coach to make choices about training and competition that might not otherwise be possible. If weightlifting training and competition are age group appropriate and are properly supervised, the sport can be substantially safe and efficacious.

Can't see the science for the solicitors: judicial review of scientific research in light of NIWA's case

<p>The existence of climate change remains an unjustifiably vexed issue worldwide. In New Zealand Climate Science Education Trust v National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd, sceptics’ attempts to challenge NIWA’s temperature records allowed the Court to extend its reach into the heart of the scientific research process. Whilst this paper supports Venning J’s determination that NIWA’s decisions were within the Court’s jurisdiction for review, his finding that individuals might suffer harm as a result of them is shown to be unjustified. Furthermore, the Court’s inherent unsuitability to addressing matters with high scientific contents, due to its adversarial nature and judges’ lack of scientific training, supports a finding of non- or partial justiciability. Non-justiciability is here rejected for allowing scientists behaving fraudulently to escape rebuke. The standard of deference Venning J attempts to introduce is similarly flawed as it allows unwary judges to unintentionally judge matters of science. Concerns are also raised that research might stagnate if scientists must worry about judicial scrutiny of their work. Thus, a standard of flagrant impropriety, or “fraud, corruption or bad faith”, is argued to be the ideal threshold for permitting judicial review of scientific research.</p>

Can't see the science for the solicitors: judicial review of scientific research in light of NIWA's case

<p>The existence of climate change remains an unjustifiably vexed issue worldwide. In New Zealand Climate Science Education Trust v National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd, sceptics’ attempts to challenge NIWA’s temperature records allowed the Court to extend its reach into the heart of the scientific research process. Whilst this paper supports Venning J’s determination that NIWA’s decisions were within the Court’s jurisdiction for review, his finding that individuals might suffer harm as a result of them is shown to be unjustified. Furthermore, the Court’s inherent unsuitability to addressing matters with high scientific contents, due to its adversarial nature and judges’ lack of scientific training, supports a finding of non- or partial justiciability. Non-justiciability is here rejected for allowing scientists behaving fraudulently to escape rebuke. The standard of deference Venning J attempts to introduce is similarly flawed as it allows unwary judges to unintentionally judge matters of science. Concerns are also raised that research might stagnate if scientists must worry about judicial scrutiny of their work. Thus, a standard of flagrant impropriety, or “fraud, corruption or bad faith”, is argued to be the ideal threshold for permitting judicial review of scientific research.</p>

Postgraduate Professional Education in China: The State and Development Trends

Modern China is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. This success has been achieved thanks to the creation of technological enterprises and the widespread introduction of innovations aimed at increasing labor productivity and making efficient use of other factors of production. China is undergoing a transformation in its economic growth environment. As an important force of technological progress, which is the key to transforming a country’s economy, it is human capital, and its foundation is high-quality education. Moreover, one of the main priorities of the Chinese Government is to build the “national scientific force” in the hope that China will make breakthroughs in advanced economic fields. Therefore, the development of the system of postgraduate professional education, including the training of undergraduates and doctoral students, is a top priority.This article gives a brief introduction to the history of the development of postgraduate professional education in China, shows the features of its formation, significant events and achievements obtained at each stage of the scientific training system formation. There is a detailed analysis of the processes taking place at the present stage, which began in 2010. The Chinese Government plays a primary role in establishing a competitive national system of postgraduate education.Based on data from the Ministry of Education of China, official statistics, publications that are publicly available on the Chinese Internet, and scientific articles published in leading world publications, the article shows how the number of universities training undergraduates and doctoral students, the number and structure of students in various specialties have changed over the past decade. The article presents the modern project of national scientific training system reform.

Impact of DanceSport on General Fitness from the Perspective of Chinese Athletes

Energy metabolism and motion are the essence of dance. Scientific training of athletes involves theoretical guidance in terms of fitness, talent-based selection, and high-performance practice. However, limited research work is carried out on the physiological strain of DanceSport competitions. Therefore, proper channel needs to be established for aerobic-based exercise on participant’s performance and general fitness. Competition simulation is used to collect personal data from real-time experimentations. Database gathers athlete information based on age, gender, and performance. Furthermore, results are obtained from experiment, record, and simulation in comparison to evaluate athlete performance. Main purpose of this article is to discover the characteristics of DanceSport from the perspectives of energetics in 32 domestic elite. Finally, World DanceSport Federation Judging System 2.1 “WFJS2.1” strategy is utilized for international game challenges.

Pedagogical Design of the Elective Part of Postgraduate Educational and Scientific Training

The article highlights the approaches to the pedagogical design of the elective part of the educational and scientific program of postgraduate training in the specialty 014 Secondary Education (Mathematics) at Cherkasy National University named after Bohdan Khmelnytsky. Based on the analysis, comparison and generalization of domestic and foreign experience in designing SNP PhD training at the third (educational-scientific) level of higher education in this specialty, the educational component of postgraduate training at Bohdan Khmelnytsky Cherkasy National University is described. Approaches to the development of a selective part of the educational component of postgraduate training are highlighted.