scholarly journals JENIS MAKANAN DAN KETINGGIAN TENGGERAN BURUNG MAKAN DI KEBUN RAYA BANUA BANJARBARU, INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 476
Author(s):  
Muhtarom Abdussalam ◽  
Mochamad Arief Soendjoto ◽  
Eko Rini Indrayatie
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Above Ground Level ◽  
Class A ◽  
Class B ◽  
Eating Fruit ◽  
Open Land ◽  
Do So

There was no data available on the type of food and the height of the perch for birds to eat that food at the Banua Botanical Garden, Banjarbaru. The research aimed to identify the type of bird food and determine the perch height where birds eat. Data were collected from three types of habitat, namely open land, mixed vegetation, and acacia vegetation. Through the survey and point count with a maximum radius of 50 m at 07.00-10.00 and 16.00‒18.30 for 3 replications, birds were observed and the occurrences ―when a certain bird species ate a certain type of food at a certain perch height above ground level― was calculated. Types of food were grouped into fruit, grains, nectar, insects, fish, and others. The height of the perch was divided into three classes, namely Class A (0 - <5 m from ground level), Class B (5 - <10 m), and Class C (10 - <15 m). There are 315 occurrences carried out by 24 bird species (19 families). The most common occurrence is birds eating fruit and grains. The most common perch height where birds do so is Class A.Tidak tersedia data tentang jenis makanan dan ketinggian tenggeran burung memakan makanan itu di Kebun Raya Banua, Banjarbaru. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis makanan burung dan menentukan ketinggian tenggeran yang sering digunakan oleh burung ketika memakan jenis makanan itu. Data dikumpulkan dari tiga tipe habitat, yaitu lahan terbuka, vegetasi campuran, dan vegetasi akasia. Melalui metode survei dan lingkaran hitung beradius maksimal 50 m pada jam 07.00‒10.00 dan 16.00‒18.30 selama 3 ulangan, burung diamati dan kejadian bahwa spesies burung tertentu memakan jenis makanan tertentu pada ketinggian tenggeran tertentu dari permukaan tanah― dihitung. Jenis makanan dikelompokkan dalam buah, bulir, nectar, insekta, ikan, dan lainnya. Ketinggian tenggeran dibagi dalam tiga kelas, yaitu Kelas A (0 ‒ <5 m dari permukaan tanah), Kelas B (5 - <10 m), dan Kelas C (10 - <15 m). Tercatat 315 kejadian dilakukan oleh 24 spesies (19 famili) burung. Kejadian yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah burung memakan buah dan bulir. Ketinggian tenggeran yang paling banyak ditemukan saat burung melakukan itu adalah Kelas A. 

scholarly journals The pH-dependence of class B and class C β-lactamases

1983 ◽  
Vol 213 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Bicknell ◽  
V Knott-Hunziker ◽  
S G Waley
Keyword(s):  
Ph Dependence ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Class A ◽  
Class B ◽  
Class C ◽  
Beta Lactamase Ii ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Ionic Forms ◽  
Do So

The classification by structure allots beta-lactamases to (at present) three classes, A, B and C. The pH-dependence of the kinetic parameters for class B and class C have been determined. They differ from each other and from class A beta-lactamases. The class B enzyme was beta-lactamase II from Bacillus cereus 569/H/9. The plots of kcat against pH for the hydrolysis of benzylpenicillin by Zn(II)-requiring beta-lactamase II and Co(II)-requiring beta-lactamase II were not symmetrical, but those of kcat/Km were. A similar feature was observed for the hydrolysis of both benzylpenicillin and cephalosporin C by a class C beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results have been interpreted by a scheme in which two ionic forms of an intermediate can give product, but do so at differing rates.

scholarly journals Birdwatching Potency at Liwa Botanical Garden, West Lampung

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Agis Agita ◽  
Nuning Nurcahyani ◽  
M. Kanedi ◽  
Hendri Busman
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Count Method ◽  
Bird Habitat ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Point Count Method

<p align="justify">The Liwa Botanical Garden is located in Kubu Perahu Village, Balik Bukit District, West  Lampung Regency. The Liwa Botanical Garden has an area of 86 ha, build in 2007 with the theme of Indonesian Ornamental Plants. The Liwa Botanical Garden is one of the destinations that is being developed for tourism activities and used as a recreational object. One of the functions of the Liwa Botanical Garden is as a tourist spot. Plants in the Liwa Botanical Garden are so beautiful. The Liwa Botanical Garden is a bird habitat because ithas an abundant source of food for birds. Therefore it is necessary to do an inventory of birdspecies by conducting research to find out potential bird species that are used as touristattractions (birdwatching) at the Liwa Botanical Garden. This research was conducted onOctober 2019. The method used was the point count method and rapid assessment. Basedon field observations found 14 species of birds that are not protected and only 1 species ofbirds included in the protected category. And found 8 types of plants, namely 5 types oftrees, 1 species of ferns, 1 species of bushes, and 1 type of reeds.</p>  

مهارة الكلام منظور من عملية التعلم والتعليم في جامعة باتوسنجكر الاسلامية الحكومية سومطرى الغربية

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suharmon Suharmon
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Strategies ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Motivation To Learn ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Class A ◽  
Class B ◽  
Speaking Skill

This research aims to obtain infomation about Arabic learning especially speaking skill in Arabic Language Education Department at IAIN Batusangkar. The research uses a quantitative approach. The instruments to collect the data are test and questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of the research state that the students’ speaking ability at class “ A “ are 28% low, 36% moderate, and 36% high. While, at class “B”, students’ speaking abilities are 36.4% low, 40,9% moderate, and 22.7% high. The cause of students’ low ability is the unappropriateness of teachers’ strategy in teaching speaking. There are about 96% students at class “A” agreed and 86.4% students at class “B” had similar answer. Another cause is students’ low motivation in learning. Class “A” students agreed for about 76% of them and 77% of class “B” students answered the same. From the finding, it can be concluded that the inability of students to speak Arabic can be overcomed by improving teaching strategies and encouraging maximum motivation  to learn Arabic.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis (Measurements at Heights of 10 m and 20 m above Ground Level) of the Concentrations of Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1.0) and Gaseous Pollutants (H2S) on the University Campus: A Case Study

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Robert Cichowicz ◽  
Maciej Dobrzański
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Leeward Side ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Above Ground Level ◽  
High Concentrations

Spatial analysis of the distribution of particulate matter PM10, PM2.5, PM1.0, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas pollution was performed in the area around a university library building. The reasons for the subject matter were reports related to the perceptible odor characteristic of hydrogen sulfide and a general poor assessment of air quality by employees and students. Due to the area of analysis, it was decided to perform measurements at two heights, 10 m and 20 m above ground level, using measuring equipment attached to a DJI Matrice 600 unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The aim of the measurements was air quality assessment and investigate the convergence of the theory of air flow around the building with the spatial distribution of air pollutants. Considerable differences of up to 63% were observed in the concentrations of pollutants measured around the building, especially between opposite sides, depending on the direction of the wind. To explain these differences, the theory of aerodynamics was applied to visualize the probable airflow in the direction of the wind. A strong convergence was observed between the aerodynamic model and the spatial distribution of pollutants. This was evidenced by the high concentrations of dust in the areas of strong turbulence at the edges of the building and on the leeward side. The accumulation of pollutants was also clearly noticeable in these locations. A high concentration of H2S was recorded around the library building on the side of the car park. On the other hand, the air turbulence around the building dispersed the gas pollution, causing the concentration of H2S to drop on the leeward side. It was confirmed that in some analyzed areas the permissible concentration of H2S was exceeded.

scholarly journals Some kinematics of halo coronal mass ejections

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Virendra Kumar Verma ◽  
Nishant Mittal ◽  
Ramesh Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
Solar Flares ◽  
Coronal Holes ◽  
Geomagnetic Disturbances ◽  
Class A ◽  
Heliospheric Physics ◽  
Class B ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Class C

AbstractWe present an investigation of halo coronal mass ejections (HCMEs) kinematics and other facts about the HCMEs. The study of HCMEs is very important because HCMEs are regarded as the main causes of heliospheric and geomagnetic disturbances. In this study, we have investigated 313 HCMEs observed during 1996-2012 by LASCO, coronal holes, and solar flares. We find that HCMEs are of two types: accelerated HCMEs and decelerated HCMEs. The mean space speed of HCMEs is 1283 km/s while the mean speed of decelerated HCMEs and accelerated HCMEs is 1349 km/s and 1174 km/s, respectively. The investigation shows that 1 (0.3%) HCME was associated with class A SXR, 14 (4.7%) HCMEs were associated with class B SXR-flares, 87 (29.4%) HCMEs were associated with class C SXR-flares, 125 (42.2%) HCMEs were associated with class M SXR-flares and 69 (23.3%) HCMEs were associated with class X SXR-flares. The speed of HCMEs increases with the importance of solar SXR-flares. The various results obtained in the present analysis are discussed in the light of the existing scenario of heliospheric physics.

scholarly journals Design and Validation of an Adjustable Large-Scale Solar Simulator

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1964
Author(s):  
Daniele Colarossi ◽  
Eleonora Tagliolini ◽  
Paolo Principi ◽  
Roberto Fioretti
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Luminous Flux ◽  
International Electrotechnical Commission ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Class A ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Temporal Instability ◽  
Class B

This work presents an adjustable large-scale solar simulator based on metal halide lamps. The design procedure is described with regards to the construction and spatial arrangement of the lamps and the designed optical system. Rotation and translation of the lamp array allow setting the direction and the intensity of the luminous flux on the horizontal plane. To validate the built model, irradiance nonuniformity and temporal instability tests were carried out assigning Class A, B, or C for each test, according to the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards requirements. The simulator meets the Class C standards on a 200 × 90 cm test plane, Class B on 170 × 80 cm, and Class A on 80 × 40 cm. The temporal instability returns Class A results for all the measured points. Lastly, a PV panel is characterized by tracing the I–V curve under simulated radiation, under outdoor natural sunlight, and with a numerical method. The results show a good approximation.

scholarly journals Image data of crumb structure of bread from flour of czech spring wheat cultivars

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Švec ◽  
M. Hrušková
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Rheological Measurements ◽  
Class A ◽  
Bread Volume ◽  
Class B ◽  
Crumb Structure

Abstract: Baking quality of flour from six wheat cultivars (harvest 2002 and 2003), belonging to the quality classes A and B, was evaluated using the fermented dough test. Analytical traits of kernel and flour showed differences between the classes which were confirmed by the baking test with the full-bread-formula according to Czech method. In addition to standard methods of the bread parameters description (specific bread volume and bread shape measurements) rheological measurements of penetrometer and image analysis were used in effort to differentiate wheat samples into the quality classes. The results of the baking test proved significant differences in specific bread volumes &ndash; the highest volume in class A was obtained with the cultivar Vinjet and in class B with SG-S1098 &ndash; approx. 410 and 420 ml/100 g. Although significant correlations among image analysis data and specific bread volume having been proved, any image analysis parameter did not distinguish the quality classes. Only the penetronetric measurements made with bread crumb were suitable for such purpose (r = 0.9083; for  = 0.01). Among image analysis data the total cell area of the crumb had the strongest correlation with specific bread volume (r&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.7840; for &alpha; = 0.01). &nbsp; &nbsp;

scholarly journals A Climatology of Nocturnal Low-Level Jets at Cabauw

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1627-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Baas ◽  
F. C. Bosveld ◽  
H. Klein Baltink ◽  
A. A. M. Holtslag
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Geostrophic Wind ◽  
Stable Stratification ◽  
Radiative Cooling ◽  
Inertial Oscillation ◽  
Stable Boundary Layers ◽  
Above Ground Level ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Low Level Jets

Abstract A climatology of nocturnal low-level jets (LLJs) is presented for the topographically flat measurement site at Cabauw, the Netherlands. LLJ characteristics are derived from a 7-yr half-hourly database of wind speed profiles, obtained from the 200-m mast and a wind profiler. Many LLJs at Cabauw originate from an inertial oscillation, which develops after sunset in a layer decoupled from the surface by stable stratification. The data are classified to different types of stable boundary layers by using the geostrophic wind speed and the isothermal net radiative cooling as classification parameters. For each of these classes, LLJ characteristics like frequency of occurrence, height above ground level, and the turning of the wind vector across the boundary layer are determined. It is found that LLJs occur in about 20% of the nights, are typically situated at 140–260 m above ground level, and have a speed of 6–10 m s−1. Development of a substantial LLJ is most likely to occur for moderate geostrophic forcing and a high radiative cooling. A comparison with the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) is added to illustrate how the results can be used to evaluate the performance of atmospheric models.

A 3-tier classification of cerebral arteriovenous malformations

2011 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 842-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Spetzler ◽  
Francisco A. Ponce
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Class A ◽  
Tier System ◽  
Class B ◽  
Class C

Object The authors propose a 3-tier classification for cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The classification is based on the original 5-tier Spetzler-Martin grading system, and reflects the treatment paradigm for these lesions. The implications of this modification in the literature are explored. Methods Class A combines Grades I and II AVMs, Class B are Grade III AVMs, and Class C combines Grades IV and V AVMs. Recommended management is surgery for Class A AVMs, multimodality treatment for Class B, and observation for Class C, with exceptions to the latter including recurrent hemorrhages and progressive neurological deficits. To evaluate whether combining grades is warranted from the perspective of surgical outcomes, the 3-tier system was applied to 1476 patients from 7 surgical series in which results were stratified according to Spetzler-Martin grades. Results Pairwise comparisons of individual Spetzler-Martin grades in the series analyzed showed the fewest significant differences (p < 0.05) in outcomes between Grades I and II AVMs and between Grades IV and V AVMs. In the pooled data analysis, significant differences in outcomes were found between all grades except IV and V (p = 0.38), and the lowest relative risks were found between Grades I and II (1.066) and between Grades IV and V (1.095). Using the pooled data, the predictive accuracies for surgical outcomes of the 5-tier and 3-tier systems were equivalent (receiver operating characteristic curve area 0.711 and 0.713, respectively). Conclusions Combining Grades I and II AVMs and combining Grades IV and V AVMs is justified in part because the differences in surgical results between these respective pairs are small. The proposed 3-tier classification of AVMs offers simplification of the Spetzler-Martin system, provides a guide to treatment, and is predictive of outcome. The revised classification not only simplifies treatment recommendations; by placing patients into 3 as opposed to 5 groups, statistical power is markedly increased for series comparisons.

Legislative Impact on Land Markets in Cities

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-213
Author(s):  
Abhay Pethe ◽  
Ramakrishna Nallathiga
Keyword(s):  
Urban Governance ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Constitutional Amendment ◽  
Land Markets ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
Indian Cities ◽  
Do So

Land has recently been looked upon as having substantial value in the Indian cities, especially in Mumbai. However, the allocation of land is a contested area with conflicting views and experiences. Governments intervene in land allocation through legislations for achieving equity but they do so without understanding the institutional structure and changing political, social and economic order. The Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act (ULCRA) is a piece of legislation through which Indian government made an attempt to redistribute urban land by limiting private ownership of it and confiscating the surplus. A critical review of its performance in India points to the difficulty of achieving such lofty goals in the complex real world, wherein different players actively use a variety of tactics to protect their interest, and also negotiate the outcome in the event of its repeal. The weak institutional capacity of the government and the changing governance framework render the outcomes detrimental. The experience of Mumbai city presented further points to the fact that the multiple actors thus have evolved their strategies to protect their interests through lobbying, corruption and legal wrangling. The experience of ULCRA, therefore, points to ground-level impediments to implementation of law and varied responses of the actors so as to preserve (or, even enhance) their particular interests. ULCRA also went against the decentralization of urban governance that began after the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act.

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