Cytotoxicity of Mangrove Leaves (Rhizophora) Ethanolic Extract on Cancer Cells

Cancer is a disease that can attack any part of the body when the abnormal cells begin to grow uncontrollably beyond the limit, then attack the connected parts of the body and spread to other organs. The mangrove (Rhizophora) is a herbal plant that can be used as a treatment for various diseases, one of which is cancer. The mangrove (Rhizophora) plant contains phytochemicals ranging from fruit, seeds, leaves and roots. This review article aims to examine the cytotoxicity effects of mangrove (Rhizophora) plants on cancer cells. The library sources in this article review use the Google Scholar and PubMed databases. The inclusion criteria used were articles containing the cytotoxic test of mangrove (Rhizophora) with the last 10 years of publication (2011-2020), original research, there were results of anticancer activity in the form of IC50 and research using mangrove (Rhizophora). plant extracts. The exclusion criteria used were articles that did not contain a full text, used plants with different genus, did not have an IC50 value and were not original research. From the journals that have been analyzed, it can be said that the extract of the mangrove (Rhizophora) plant can be developed for cancer treatment. The mangrove (Rhizophora) plant has cytotoxic activity because it contains active compounds in the form of phenolic, flavonoids and terpenoids. Based on the results of the cytotoxic test of mangrove (Rhizophora) extract, the plant parts that have the strongest cytotoxic effect are fruit.

In vitro detection of nanoparticle cytotoxicity based on big data technology

Nanoparticles have been used in the cytotoxic test for many times because of their easy size control, good biocompatibility and other characteristics. Therefore, a method based on big data technology for the in vitro cytotoxic test of nanoparticles is proposed. The cells were evenly inoculated into 96 well plate, the prepared AuNPs was diluted with DMEM cell culture medium, and the cytotoxicity was divided into 5 levels by 5-point system. A database model of cytotoxic characteristics of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was built to mine the toxic characteristics of cultured cells. The results showed that when the diameter and size of AuNPs were 1.8 nm, the cytotoxicity rating was the highest, which was 4. When the diameters of AuNPs were 18 nm and 27 nm, the cytotoxicity rating was 0. When the high concentration DMEM solution of 90 μg/mL was used to treat AuNPs, the cytotoxicity reached the highest value, and the lowest activity was 12%. When the cells were treated with DMEM solution for 24 hours, the activity and toxicity of the cells were the least and the toxicity was the strongest, and the number of apoptosis in the cell community was significantly reduced under the action of AuNPs.

Alkaloid Cytotoxic Test on Ethanol Extract from Itchy Leaves (Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd.)

The Itchy leaf [Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd] is a plant that is widely used as traditional medicine by Papuans as a pain reliever. The purpose of this study was to determine the total level of alkaloids in itchy leaf extract and to test the cytotoxic activity using the BSLT method. The research series began with the extraction stage with the maceration method using 96% ethanol, which tested the alkaloid level. The test was carried out using the gravimetric method and the cytotoxic test using the alkaloid level test results using the BSLT method on shrimp larvae (Artemia salina L). The results showed that itchy leaf extract contained a total alkaloid level of 6.46%. Cytotoxic testing using the BSLT method showed an LC50 of 54.33 ppm and was found to be toxic.

UJI SITOTOKSIK DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN PANDAN LAUT (Pandanus Odorifer) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus

This study aims to determine the activity of marine pandanus extract(Pandanus odorifer) as cytotoxic and antibacterial to Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This research begins with phytochemical test conducted to find out the secondary metabolite compounds contained in the leaves of P. odorifer. Cytotoxic testing was performed using BSLT method. An antibacterial test was performed against the activity in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus bacteria using a modified disc diffusion method. The results of phytochemical tests showed that ethanol extract of pandanus leaves contain saponin, flavonoids, tannin and terpenoid compounds. The results of cytotoxic test of sea pandan have a very strong toxic level with LC50 value of 4.3557 ppm.The result of measurement of the highest inhibiting zone diameter was obtained at the concentration of 5x104 ppm is 6 mm with the power of inhibitory that is medium. Based on the results of this study can be concluded that the leaves of sea pandan are cytotoxic and have activity as antibacterial

Uji sitotoksik metformin hidroklorida terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D

Abstrak. Latar Belakang. Kanker payudara merupakan penyakit berlebihnya pertumbuhan atau tidak terkendalinya perkembangan sel kanker payudara. Kanker merupakan suatu penyakit yang disebabkan kelainan genetik berupa mutasi DNA yang menyebakan hilangnya kontrol pertumbuhan. Gangguan genetik ini menyebabkan terganggunya siklus sel dan apoptosis. Metformin merupakan suatu antihiperglikemik yang digunakan pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Penurunan risiko kanker terjadi pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang menggunakan metformin. Uji sitotoksik untuk agen anti kanker merupakan uji skrining awal untuk menilai potensi efek anti kanker. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek sitotoksik metformin hidroklorida terhadap pertumbuhan sel kanker payudara T47D. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental uji invitro terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D yang dipaparkan metformin HCl konsentrasi 5000; 2500; 1250; 312.5 dan 156,25 μM selama 24 jam. Sebagai pembanding digunakan paclitaxel konsentrasi 1000; 500; 250; 31,25 dan 15,625 nM. Uji sitotoksik menggunakan metode MTT untuk menentukan IC50.Data dianalaisis menggunakan analisa probit. Hasil : IC50 metformin HCl adalah 13457.3 ± 1096,5 μM. IC50 paclitaxel adalah 1577.2 ± 115.3 nM. Efek anti kanker metformin lebih kecil dibanding paclitaxel. Kata Kunci: Metformin HCl, T47D, uji sitotoksik, IC50 Abstract. Breast cancer is a disease in which there is excessive growth or uncontrolled development of breast tissue cells. Cancer is a disease caused by genetic disorders caused by DNA mutations that cause loss of growth control. This genetic disorder affects the cell cycle and cell apoptosis and causes the formation of cancer. Metformin is an antihyperglycemic in type 2 diabetes mellitus patient. The decrease in cancer risk occured in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who used metformin. Cytotoxic test for agent anti cancer is screening test to investigate the potency cancer effect of substance. The goal of this study was determining the cytotoxic effect of metformin hydrochloride to T47D breast cancer cell. The method : This sudy was experimental study, invitro test to T47D breast cancer cell using metformin HCl 5000; 2500; 1250; 312.5; and 156.25 μM for 24 hours. Paclitaxel used as postiive control with concentration were 1000; 500; 250; 31,25 and 15,625 nM. Cytotoxic test using MTT method to determine IC50. Data were analyzed using probit analysis using SPSS 22 version. The result of cytotoxic test showed that IC50 metformin HCl was 13457.3 ± 1096,5 μM. While IC50 paclitaxel as control was 1577.2 ± 115.3 nM. The effect of cancer metformin HCl was lower than paclitaxel.Keywords: Metformin HCl, T47D, cytotoxic test, IC50

UJI SITOTOKSIK METFORMIN HIDROKLORIDA TERHADAP SEL KANKER PAYUDARA T47D

Abstrak. Latar Belakang. Kanker payudara merupakan penyakit berlebihnya pertumbuhan atau tidak terkendalinya perkembangan sel kanker payudara. Kanker merupakan suatu penyakit yang disebabkan kelainan genetik berupa mutasi DNA yang menyebakan hilangnya kontrol pertumbuhan. Gangguan genetik ini menyebabkan terganggunya siklus sel dan apoptosis. Metformin merupakan suatu antihiperglikemik yang digunakan pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Penurunan risiko kanker terjadi pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang menggunakan metformin. Uji sitotoksik untuk agen anti kanker merupakan uji skrining awal untuk menilai potensi efek anti kanker. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek sitotoksik metformin hidroklorida terhadap pertumbuhan sel kanker payudara T47D. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental uji invitro terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D yang dipaparkan metformin HCl konsentrasi 5000; 2500; 1250; 312.5 dan 156,25 μM selama 24 jam. Sebagai pembanding digunakan paclitaxel konsentrasi 1000; 500; 250; 31,25 dan 15,625 nM. Uji sitotoksik menggunakan metode MTT untuk menentukan IC50.Data dianalaisis menggunakan analisa probit. Hasil : IC50 metformin HCl adalah 13457.3 ± 1096,5 μM. IC50 paclitaxel adalah 1577.2 ± 115.3 nM. Efek anti kanker metformin lebih kecil dibanding paclitaxel. Kata Kunci: Metformin HCl, T47D, uji sitotoksik, IC50 Abstract. Breast cancer is a disease in which there is excessive growth or uncontrolled development of breast tissue cells. Cancer is a disease caused by genetic disorders caused by DNA mutations that cause loss of growth control. This genetic disorder affects the cell cycle and cell apoptosis and causes the formation of cancer. Metformin is an antihyperglycemic in type 2 diabetes mellitus patient. The decrease in cancer risk occured in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who used metformin. Cytotoxic test for agent anti cancer is screening test to investigate the potency cancer effect of substance. The goal of this study was determining the cytotoxic effect of metformin hydrochloride to T47D breast cancer cell. The method : This sudy was experimental study, invitro test to T47D breast cancer cell using metformin HCl 5000; 2500; 1250; 312.5; and 156.25 μM for 24 hours. Paclitaxel used as postiive control with concentration were 1000; 500; 250; 31,25 and 15,625 nM. Cytotoxic test using MTT method to determine IC50. Data were analyzed using probit analysis using SPSS 22 version. The result of cytotoxic test showed that IC50 metformin HCl was 13457.3 ± 1096,5 μM. While IC50 paclitaxel as control was 1577.2 ± 115.3 nM. The effect of cancer metformin HCl was lower than paclitaxel. Keywords: Metformin HCl, T47D, cytotoxic test, IC50

The potency of Soft Coral Sarcophyton in Krakatau Seas as Cytotoxic Test

Soft coral is one of the marine organisms that produce secondary metabolites materials and has potency as anticancer. There is much research to find bioactive compounds in the organism, but it still lacks data to find potency of bioactive in soft coral that lives under acidification pressure. The objectives of this study are to determine the characteristic of acidification in Krakatau seas and to assess the potency of cytotoxic activity from soft coral Sarcophyton. Sampling was conducted in three locations, Legon Tuo, Legon Cabe, and Umang-umang Island, to take the sample and measure water quality. Cytotoxic test using MTT method (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolinon) to MCF-7 cancer cell line to measure growth inhibition percentage. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, post hoc analysis, and multivariate analysis. Water quality in Legon Tuo and Legon Cabe have significant different to Umang-umang Island. However, Legon Tuo and Legon Cabe are suitable as acidification site, while Umang-umang Island as the reference site. The characteristic of Krakatau seas, especially in Legon Tuo and Legon Cabe study site, was categorized in low acidification. In the cytotoxic activity, soft coral Sarcophyton from Legon Cabe (acidification site) is more potential than soft coral from Umang-umang Island (reference site).

Efek Sitotoksik Ekstrak Etanolik Ocimum basilicum, L. Pada Sel Kanker Payudara

ABSTRAK Pengobatan kanker menggunakan bahan alam terus dikembangkan. Salah satu tanaman yang memiliki efek sitotoksik Ocimum basilicum, L. tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui aktivitas sitotoksik dari ekstrak etanol Ocimum basilicum (EEOB) terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D dan MCF7. Ocimum basilicum diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Pengujian aktivitas sitotoksik menggunakan metode MTT assay dengan seri konsentrasi EEOB 1000; 500; 250; 125; 62.5; 31,25 µg/mL. Hasil uji aktivitas sitotoksik EEOB memperlihatkan nilai IC50 pada sel T47D dan MCF-7 sebesar 399.86 µg/ml dan 387.76 µg/ml. Kata Kunci—Sitotoksik, Ocinum basilicum L., T47D, MCF-7 ABSTRACT Cancer treatment using natural ingredients continues to be developed. One of the plants that is proven to have cytotoxic activity is basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum, L.). This study aims to determine the cytotoxic activity of ethanol extract of basil leaves (EEBL) on T47D and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Basil leaves were extracted using maceration with ethanol 70%. The cytotoxic test was perfomed using MTT assay with various EEBL concentrations: 1000; 500; 250; 125; 62.5; 31,25 µg/mL. The results showed that IC50 of cytotoxic activity in T47D and MCF-7 was 399.86 µg/ml and 387.76 µg/ml respectively. Keywords—Cytotoxic, Ocinum basilicum L., T47D, MCF-7