scholarly journals Spatiotemporal pattern and indicators associated with suicide

Rev Rene ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. e70998
Author(s):  
Cíntya do Nascimento Pereira ◽  
Thatiana Araujo Maranhão ◽  
Isaac Gonçalves da Silva ◽  
Taynara Lais Silva ◽  
George Jó Bezerra Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Urbanization Rate ◽  
Primary Cluster

Objective: to analyze the spatiotemporal pattern and indicators associated with the occurrence of suicide. Methods: ecological study that analyzed the deaths by suicide repor- ted in the Mortality Information System. For temporal and spatial analysis, the Joinpoint and Scan methods were employed, respectively. Multivariate analysis was performed by the Ordinary Least Squares Estimation model, considering p<0.05. Results: significant growth in suicide mortality of 4.2% per year was observed. The highest Bayesian mortality rates ranged from 8.90 to 13.49 deaths per 100,000 population. Five statistically significant spatial clusters were identified (p<0.050). The primary cluster encompassed 64 municipalities, with a suicide risk 1.38 times higher (p<0.001). The indicators associated with suicide were Urbanization rate (β=0.07; p=0.020) and Employment & income (β=-9.40; p=0.030). Conclusion: there was a significant increase in suicide, and five spatial clusters were identified. The indicators Urbanization rate and Employment & income were associated with the grievance.

scholarly journals The effect of sex on suicide risk during and after psychiatric inpatient care in 12 countries—An ecological study

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Listabarth ◽  
Benjamin Vyssoki ◽  
Alexander Glahn ◽  
Andrea Gmeiner ◽  
Nathalie Pruckner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inpatient Treatment ◽  
Inpatient Care ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient Treatment ◽  
Inpatient Suicide

Abstract Background. Suicide risk in patients is markedly elevated during psychiatric inpatient care, as well as after discharge. However, it is unclear whether, and to what extent, this increased suicide risk varies between sex. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze sex differences for suicides during and after psychiatric hospitalization in various countries. Methods. National suicide mortality rates and inpatient-related suicide rates (three intervals: during psychiatric inpatient treatment, 1 month, and 1 year after discharge) from 12 countries for 2000–2016 were analyzed, and a logistic model was used to quantify the effect of sex. Results. Persons admitted to or discharged from psychiatric inpatient care exhibited significantly increased rates of suicide compared to those in the general population. Furthermore, increase of suicide risk was significantly higher for females than for males for all investigated time intervals (inpatient suicide odds ratio [OR] 1.85; suicide within 1 month after discharge—OR 1.94; suicide within 1 year after discharge—OR 2.04). Conclusion. Analysis confirmed the time during and after psychiatric inpatient care to be significantly associated with an elevated risk for suicide. Further, a significant sex effect was observed, with females in this population being at a proportionally higher risk for suicide during psychiatric inpatient treatment as well as the year following discharge. Our study implicates that more effective suicide preventive measures during inpatient stay, focusing on female patients, are needed.

The Recent Rise of Suicide Mortality in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Martínez-Alés ◽  
Tammy Jiang ◽  
Katherine M. Keyes ◽  
Jaimie L. Gradus
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Subsequent Decrease

Suicide is a major public health concern in the United States. Between 2000 and 2018, US suicide rates increased by 35%, contributing to the stagnation and subsequent decrease in US life expectancy. During 2019, suicide declined modestly, mostly owing to slight reductions in suicides among Whites. Suicide rates, however, continued to increase or remained stable among all other racial/ethnic groups, and little is known about recent suicide trends among other vulnerable groups. This article ( a) summarizes US suicide mortality trends over the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, ( b) reviews potential group-level causes of increased suicide risk among subpopulations characterized by markers of vulnerability to suicide, and ( c) advocates for combining recent advances in population-based suicide prevention with a socially conscious perspective that captures the social, economic, and political contexts in which suicide risk unfolds over the life course of vulnerable individuals. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Public Health, Volume 43 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Suicide Mortality Among Veterans Health Administration Care Recipients With Suicide Risk Record Flags

2021 ◽  
pp. appi.ps.2020007
Author(s):  
Tyler C. Hein ◽  
Talya Peltzman ◽  
Juliana Hallows ◽  
Nicole Theriot ◽  
John F. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Veterans Health Administration ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Veterans Health ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Care Recipients

scholarly journals Trends in Suicide Mortality in Montenegro From 2000 to 2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidija Injac Stevović ◽  
Selman Repišti ◽  
Tamara Radojičić ◽  
Olivera Injac
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Average Salary ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Methods Of Suicide ◽  
Cultural Features

Abstract Background: This is an ecological study that analyzes suicides committed in Montenegro during the 2000-2018 period, taking into account gender, age and methods of suicide. Methods: Suicide rates and trends up until 2009 were obtained from the official registers of Bureau of Statistics of Montenegro (MONSTAT) while the later data were obtained from the Department of Interior’s. MONSTAT also provided data on unemployment and average salary. As per statistical methods, descriptive and correlations were calculated. Results: The average crude suicide rate was 21.06, for males 29.93 and for females 12.42. Crude suicide rates were not associated with unemployment rate or average salary. However, the unemployment rate was significantly correlated with lethal methods of suicide, namely suicide by firearm and by hanging. Average net salary was negatively correlated with suicide by firearm. Conclusions: The ratio of males and females who committed suicide was 2.41. In the last three years, this ratio continues to rise in favor of males (reaching 4.29 in 2018). This could be explained by specific cultural features where males are expected to be the main financial contributors to the households. The labor market of Montenegro does not offer adequate opportunities to set and maintain a stable economic situation which puts additional pressure and stress on males.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Pattern and Aggregation Effects of Poplar Canker in Northeast China

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
He Yan ◽  
Liyuan Chen ◽  
Quansheng Ge ◽  
Chengming Tian ◽  
Jixia Huang
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽  
Spatiotemporal Aggregation ◽  
Primary Cluster

Research Highlights: This study looks at poplar canker caused by Cytospora chrysosperma as a geographical phenomenon, and it applies spatial statistics to reveal the pattern and aggregation effects of the disease on a large scale in time and space. The incidence area of poplar canker in Northeast China has spatial (spatiotemporal) aggregation effects, which emphasize the importance of coordinated prevention. The results of spatial and spatiotemporal clusters can guide specific regional prevention and indicate the possible predisposing factors, respectively. Background and Objectives: Poplar canker, a harmful forest biological disease that is widespread throughout Northeast China, brings enormous ecological and economic losses. The limited cognition of its spatiotemporal pattern and aggregation effects restricts the decision-making for regional prevention and the identification of disease-inducing conditions. This study aims to explore the spatiotemporal pattern and to detect the aggregation effects of the disease, trying to provide references for prevention. Materials and Methods: According to the incidence data of poplar canker reported by each county in Northeast China from 2002 to 2015, we mapped the distribution of the incidence rate in ArcGIS and performed retrospective scan statistics in SaTScan to detect the spatial and spatiotemporal aggregation effects of the incidence area. Results: The spatiotemporal pattern of poplar canker’s incidence rate presents the characteristic of “outbreak-aggregation-spread-stability.” The incidence area of the disease when we performed spatial aggregation scan statistics showed the primary cluster covering Liaoning province (LLR = 86469.86, p < 0.001). The annual spatial scan statistics detected a total of 14 primary clusters and 37 secondary clusters, indicating three phases of aggregation. The incidence area of disease also shows spatiotemporal aggregation effects with the primary cluster located around Liaoning province, appearing from 2009 to 2015 (LLR = 64182.00, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The incidence area of poplar canker presents significant characteristics of spatial and spatiotemporal aggregation, and we suggest attaching importance to the clues provided by the aggregation effects in disease prevention and identification of predisposing factors.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal clustering, social vulnerability and risk of congenital syphilis in northeast Brazil: an ecological study

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (9) ◽  
pp. 657-665
Author(s):  
Carlos D F de Souza ◽  
Michael F Machado ◽  
Divanise S Correia ◽  
Rodrigo F do Carmo ◽  
Luis E Cuevas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Statistical Correlations ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Spatiotemporal Clustering

Abstract Background To investigate the spatial distribution of congenital syphilis (CS) and its association to social vulnerability indexes in northeast Brazil. Methods This was an ecological study referring to all cases of CS and CS deaths recorded in the northeast region of Brazil from 2008 to 2015. Data were obtained from three Brazilian information systems. We examined statistical correlations between CS indicators by state and municipality and their socioeconomic and social vulnerability characteristics. We used Bayesian empirical local models to identify fluctuations of the indicators. Spatial statistical tests were used to identify spatial clusters and the municipalities at high risk of CS. Results The incidence of CS ranged from 2.1 cases/1000 live births (LB) in 2008 to 6.9/1000 LB in 2015, with an annual increase of 19.9% (p &lt; 0.001). The mortality coefficient of CS ranged from 2.9/1000 LB in 2008 to 6.5/1000 LB in 2015, resulting in an annual increase of 15.1% (p &lt; 0.001). Nine spatial clusters were identified. Cases of congenital syphilis occurred in well-defined spatiotemporal clusters and in areas with high levels of social vulnerability. Conclusions CS incidence is associated with social vulnerability. CS control programmes should target spatial clusters and populations with high levels of social vulnerability.

scholarly journals Changes in mental health services and suicide mortality in Norway: an ecological study

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Håkon A Johannessen ◽  
Gudrun Dieserud ◽  
Bjørgulf Claussen ◽  
Per-Henrik Zahl
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Suicide Mortality

scholarly journals Natural environments and suicide mortality in the Netherlands: a cross-sectional, ecological study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. e134-e139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Helbich ◽  
Derek de Beurs ◽  
Mei-Po Kwan ◽  
Rory C O'Connor ◽  
Peter P Groenewegen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Health Demand: Empirical Study of Effective Urban Households Demand in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (E) ◽  
pp. 812-816
Author(s):  
Mohamad Ichwan ◽  
Firmansyah Firmansyah ◽  
Eko Jokolelono
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Medical Expenses ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Health Demand

BACKGROUND: Grossman's health demand model recognizes medical price as a determinant of the estimation model. This article aims to examine the role of medical expenses in health demand by utilizing the number of sick and disturbed days obtained from Susenas, a survey on the expenditure of household food and non-food consumption conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics to measure health demand and health insurance as a medical price in a reduction model. Health insurance can replace medical expenses because those who have health insurance face relatively low medical costs and face lower medical prices than those without health insurance.   METHODS: Using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimation technique, sebuah teknik estimasi model regresi for 6,642 households this was obtained through three stages: First, using 71,932 sample households of susenas that relied fully on the Susenas sampling method by BPS; Second, find households that have experienced health problems during the last 6 months; Third, find households that have health expenditures of 24,341. Furthermore, the estimation model is based on 6,642 households identified to be in urban areas using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimation method.   FINDINGS: The health demand estimation model that can be used to determine the behavior of health demand among urban households is limited to households with formal primary school (SD) education levels. Taking advantage of certain wages, age, cigarette expenditure, and sports expenses, it was found that the number of sick days and felt disturbed in the household group that had health insurance was 5.68 days relatively greater than those without health insurance. However, expanding to higher education and older age was found to be 1.47 days and 1.57 days. Aging tends to decrease good health and health insurance tends to increase it.   CONCLUSION: It was found that health stocks differed between insured households and households without health insurance in those with aging.

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