X-in-the-Loop technology for research and development of electric vehicles

Trudy NAMI ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
I. A. Kulikov ◽  
K. E. Karpukhin ◽  
R. Kh. Kurmaev ◽  
V. G. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Loop System ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Physical Testing ◽  
Development Technology ◽  
New Research ◽  
Physical Tools

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The article describes an X-in-the-Loop system intended for cyber-physical tests of electric vehicle's chassis components. The system allows connecting and synchronizing laboratories located in different geographic regions.The purpose of the study is to elaborate an X-in-the-Loop system allowing to perform geographically-scattered cyber-physical testing of the components belonging to an electric vehicle chassis.Methodology and research methods. The elaboration of the X-in-the-Loop system involves methods of cyber-physical testing whose functionality is extended by means of connecting and synchronizing the tested objects via a global network.Scientific novelty and results. A new research and development technology has been proposed for electric vehicles allowing for cooperation of geographically scattered laboratories within a real-time coherent environment that synchronizes tests of the electric vehicle components (both hardware and software) belonging to those laboratories.The practical significance. The proposed technology provides researchers and developers in the field of electric vehicles with advanced cyber-physical tools allowing them to increase the effectiveness of their cooperative work and shorten the time needed for producing development or research results.

scholarly journals Electric Vehicle Routing Problem in Urban Logistics

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Yiwei Lu
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Routing ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Vehicle Routing Problem ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
New Research ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
The Impact

<p><span lang="EN-US">Due to the impact of global warming, diesel locomotives that use fossil energy as fuel are gradually being replaced by electric vehicles. At present, many countries at home and abroad are actively promoting the development of the electric vehicle industry in response to the call of the Paris Agreement. However, electric vehicles have a maximum mileage limit, so the reasonable layout of electric vehicle charging stations is also a problem to be solved today. In this article, the author analyzes the research background of the electric vehicle routing problem. After introducing several new research directions in the current electric vehicle routing problem, we propose an optimization algorithm for solving those types of problem. It brings certain theoretical significance for future generations to solve the problem of electric vehicle routing in real life.</span></p>

scholarly journals Prospects for Electric Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5813
Author(s):  
Jack N. Barkenbus
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Consumer Interest ◽  
Fundamental Forces ◽  
Over Time

The transformation from conventional vehicles to electric vehicles is underway, but its timeline is still uncertain. The battle against climate change provides the essential backdrop, leading governments to encourage this transformation by providing both consumer incentives to purchase electric vehicles and by establishing regulations requiring automakers to produce them. Behind this prodding are a set of fundamental forces that both encourage and discourage consumer interest, as set forth in the text. Fortunately, intensive battery research and development is proceeding that should alter market forces and make electric vehicles more attractive to segments of the population not now in the market for an electric vehicle. Hence, even if the timeline for battery improvement cannot be predicted with certainty, continued government support, and upstart automakers, such as Tesla, should ensure that the transformation will proceed over time.

EV – Challenges In Going Electric

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umanand L
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transport ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Hybrid Electric

This article presents a frank and open opinion on the challenges that will be faced in moving towards an electric mass transport ecosystem. World over there is considerable research activity on electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. There seems to be a global effort to move from an ICE driven ecosystem to electric vehicle ecosystem. There is no simple means to make this transition. This road is filled with hurdles and challenges. This paper poses and discusses these challenges and possible solutions for enabling EVs.

scholarly journals Islands and the world from an anthropological perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqing Ma
Keyword(s):  
External World ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
The World ◽  
Marine Culture ◽  
External Transformation

Abstract Island studies play an important role in the development of anthropology. It is of academic value and practical significance to understand the island world as the field where multiple modernization forces and globalization interwine. This paper explores the intricate and diverse connections between continental and marine culture from a perspective of “viewing the world through the island”. In terms of overall diversity and exoteric mobility, this paper reviews the various aspects of island studies, examines the internal and external transformation of islands within land-sea interaction, and analyzes the dynamic historical process of the island world’s involvement in the global network, which blends and integrates various cultural elements of the external world. In the context of globalization, the island world is undergoing dramatic changes and in coping with them generating its new features.

scholarly journals Optimized Strategic Planning of Future Norwegian Low-Voltage Networks with a Genetic Algorithm Applying Empirical Electric Vehicle Charging Data

Electricity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-109
Author(s):  
Julian Wruk ◽  
Kevin Cibis ◽  
Matthias Resch ◽  
Hanne Sæle ◽  
Markus Zdrallek
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Network Planning ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Vehicle Charging ◽  
The Impact

This article outlines methods to facilitate the assessment of the impact of electric vehicle charging on distribution networks at planning stage and applies them to a case study. As network planning is becoming a more complex task, an approach to automated network planning that yields the optimal reinforcement strategy is outlined. Different reinforcement measures are weighted against each other in terms of technical feasibility and costs by applying a genetic algorithm. Traditional reinforcements as well as novel solutions including voltage regulation are considered. To account for electric vehicle charging, a method to determine the uptake in equivalent load is presented. For this, measured data of households and statistical data of electric vehicles are combined in a stochastic analysis to determine the simultaneity factors of household load including electric vehicle charging. The developed methods are applied to an exemplary case study with Norwegian low-voltage networks. Different penetration rates of electric vehicles on a development path until 2040 are considered.

scholarly journals A Review on Electric Vehicles: Technologies and Challenges

Smart Cities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 372-404
Author(s):  
Julio A. Sanguesa ◽  
Vicente Torres-Sanz ◽  
Piedad Garrido ◽  
Francisco J. Martinez ◽  
Johann M. Marquez-Barja
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Academic Communities ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
Battery Technology ◽  
Battery Energy ◽  
New Research ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Technology Trends

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are gaining momentum due to several factors, including the price reduction as well as the climate and environmental awareness. This paper reviews the advances of EVs regarding battery technology trends, charging methods, as well as new research challenges and open opportunities. More specifically, an analysis of the worldwide market situation of EVs and their future prospects is carried out. Given that one of the fundamental aspects in EVs is the battery, the paper presents a thorough review of the battery technologies—from the Lead-acid batteries to the Lithium-ion. Moreover, we review the different standards that are available for EVs charging process, as well as the power control and battery energy management proposals. Finally, we conclude our work by presenting our vision about what is expected in the near future within this field, as well as the research aspects that are still open for both industry and academic communities.

scholarly journals The Structure and Optimal Gear Tooth Profile Design of Two-Speed Transmission for Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3736
Author(s):  
Jae-Oh Han ◽  
Won-Hyeong Jeong ◽  
Jong-Seok Lee ◽  
Se-Hoon Oh
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Paris Climate Agreement

As environmental regulations have been strengthened worldwide since the Paris Climate Agreement, the automobile industry is shifting its production paradigm to focus on eco-friendly vehicles such as electric vehicles and hydrogen-battery vehicles. Governments are banning fossil fuel vehicles by law and expanding the introduction of green vehicles. The energy efficiency of electric vehicles that use a limited power source called batteries depends on the driving environment. Applying a two-speed transmission to an electric vehicle can optimize average speed and performance efficiency at low speeds, and achieve maximum speed with minimal torque at high speeds. In this study, a two-speed transmission for an electric vehicle has been developed, to be used in a compact electric vehicle. This utilizes a planetary gear of a total of three pairs, made of a single module which was intended to enable two-speed. The ring gear was removed, and the carrier was used in common. When shifting, the energy used for the speed change is small, due to the use of the simple method of fixing the sun gear of each stage. Each gear was designed by calculating bending strength and surface durability, using JGMA standards, to secure stability. The safety factor of the gears used in the transmission is as follows: all gears have been verified for safety with a bending strength of 1.2 or higher and a surface pressure strength of 1.1 or higher. The design validity of the transmission was verified by calculating the gear meshing ratio and the reference efficiency of the gear. The transmission to be developed through the research results of this paper has a simple and compact structure optimized for electric vehicles, and has reduced shift shock. In addition, energy can be used more efficiently, which will help improve fuel economy and increase drive range.

scholarly journals Objective Rating of the Launch Behavior of Conventional, Hybrid and Electric Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Dorsch ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Ferit Küçükay
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Automatic Transmission ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Dual Clutch Transmission ◽  
Conventional Vehicle ◽  
Objective Rating ◽  
Dynamic Quality

AbstractThe calibration of conventional, hybrid and electric drivetrains is an important process during the development phase of any vehicle. Therefore, to optimize the comfort and dynamic behavior (known as driveability), many test drives are performed by experienced drivers during different driving maneuvers, e.g., launch, re-launch or gear shift. However, the process can be kept more consistent and independent of human-based deviations by using objective ratings. This study first introduces an objective rating system developed for the launch behavior of conventional vehicles with automatic transmission, dual-clutch transmission, and alternative drivetrains. Then, the launch behavior, namely comfort and dynamic quality, is compared between two conventional vehicles, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle and a battery electric vehicle. Results show the benefits of pure electric drivetrains due to the lack of launch and shifting elements, as well as the usage of a highly dynamic electric motor. While the plug-in hybrid achieves a 10% higher overall rating compared to the baseline conventional vehicle, the pure electric vehicle even achieves a 21% higher overall rating. The results also highlight the optimization potential of battery electric vehicles regarding their comfort and dynamic characteristics. The transitions and the gradient of the acceleration build-up have a major influence on the launch quality.

scholarly journals Energy Management System Optimization of Drug Store Electric Vehicles Charging Station Operation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6163
Author(s):  
Yongyi Huang ◽  
Atsushi Yona ◽  
Hiroshi Takahashi ◽  
Ashraf Mohamed Hemeida ◽  
Paras Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Photovoltaic Power ◽  
Vehicle Charging ◽  
Charging Stations

Electric vehicle charging station have become an urgent need in many communities around the world, due to the increase of using electric vehicles over conventional vehicles. In addition, establishment of charging stations, and the grid impact of household photovoltaic power generation would reduce the feed-in tariff. These two factors are considered to propose setting up charging stations at convenience stores, which would enable the electric energy to be shared between locations. Charging stations could collect excess photovoltaic energy from homes and market it to electric vehicles. This article examines vehicle travel time, basic household energy demand, and the electricity consumption status of Okinawa city as a whole to model the operation of an electric vehicle charging station for a year. The entire program is optimized using MATLAB mixed integer linear programming (MILP) toolbox. The findings demonstrate that a profit could be achieved under the principle of ensuring the charging station’s stable service. Household photovoltaic power generation and electric vehicles are highly dependent on energy sharing between regions. The convenience store charging station service strategy suggested gives a solution to the future issues.

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