Transformations of Urban Agro Ecology Landscapes in Territory Transition

This chapter has the objective to analyze the transformation process of the urban agro ecology landscape in territory transition. It begins questioning the implications that the agro ecological practices and territorial transformation and transition have on food systems sovereignty and security as well as other effects on land uses, climate change, environmental services, etc. The method used is based on an analytical review of the literature to elaborate a critical perspective of benefits and challenges. It is concluded that agro ecology is the key element in the construction of food system sovereignty and security which requires the transition towards the urban agro ecology based on the transformation of social and political power structures moving away from corporate control towards community governance aimed to achieve improvement ecosystem services and environmental sustainability of the city.

Changes in the Local Territorial Government Organization and Their Effect on Municipal Budgets (by the Example of Trans-Baikal Region)

The current reform of local governments in Russia is a process of optimization, consolidation and changing the territorial government organization, which corresponds to global trends in searching for a relevant and effective local territorial governance scheme. The new wave of interest to this process in the RF has been caused by establishing a new type of municipality, namely, municipal district. The article studies the problem of changes in local territorial governance organization in Russia and in Trans-Baikal region, in particular, as well as the effect of these changes on municipal budgets. The analytical calculations are based on the data from The Federal State Statistic Service of RF; the time lag for analyzing the local territorial governance organization is the period of 2007–2020, and 2016–2020 — for analyzing the budget funding of the transformed municipalities in Trans-Baikal region. The results of the study show that the common trends of consolidation of municipalities in Russia became evident only in 2020. According to the analysis of income and expenditures per capita, the territorial transformation of municipality influences the budget relations on the municipal level. Basing on the results of the study, the author proves the necessity of conducting a complex analysis before taking a decision to change a local territorial governance organization in order to build up the financial base of the municipalities.

Chronicle of a forecast flood: exposure and vulnerability on the southeast coast of Spain

In recent years, flooding has become one of the main natural disasters which poses the greatest risk, impact and bearing on the coastal areas of southeast peninsular Spain. Traditionally, the analysis of torrential precipitation events that cause floods has been predominant in the assessment of the factors that lead to this type of catastrophe. At present, despite considering this meteorological phenomenon as the trigger of river overflows, responsibility corresponding to the human factor in the perpetration of the risk of a natural disaster should not be forgotten. This study will ascertain the influence of urban and real estate development in increasing exposure to floods. In this sense, the pluviometric observations obtained in different precipitation events have been counted, mapped and analysed. Likewise, the evolution and development of the real estate portfolio is examined. The information obtained has been crossed with the digital cartography of flooded areas (National System of Flood Zones Cartography, SNCZI in spanish acronym). The main finding of the study shows that there seems to be unquestionable evidence to attribute a good part of the existing risk to the territorial transformation and to the continuous process of artificialization of the soil recently carried out.

ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE MAYAKIVSKA UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY

The article considers the theoretical aspects of socio-economic condition and community development in the context of territorial transformation in Ukraine. Socio-economic development of territorial communities is an important indicator of assessing the level of the state development. The state policy of Ukraine in the local self-government sphere is based on the interests of territorial communities’ residents and provides for decentralization of power, that is, the transfer of a significant part of powers and responsibilities from the executive authorities to local self-government bodies. The development of local self-government and creation of territorial communities primarily involve improving financial solvency, investment and economic attractiveness of territories for citizens’ comfortable living. The main properties of the socio-economic development of the Mayakivska united territorial community are investigated and evaluated. The methodology for studying the condition is clarified and the goals, objectives, priorities and directions of sustainable economic and social development of territorial entities are determined. The state of socio-economic development of the Mayakivska community is analyzed according to various indicators and changes that have occurred on its territory. The main tasks of the Mayakivska united territorial community development are substantiated, taking into account the needs and interests of its inhabitants, the dynamics of medicine, schools and preschool institutions development is determined. A distinctive feature of the Mayakivska territorial community is awareness that the community territory is united not only by its name, but also by the vision of future prospects. An algorithm for regulating the socio-economic development of the Mayakivska united territorial community is proposed.

Caracterización del proceso histórico de balnearización del frente litoral de Puerto Madryn (Chubut) desde sus inicios hasta la actualidad

The objective of this paper was to analyze the occupation of the coastline of Puerto Madryn, province of Chubut, from its foundation to the present day. It describes the process of seaside resort development and identifies the different models of facilities built on the beach. For this purpose, a bibliographic and photographic review and a documentary search were carried out and events, actions and social processes that have modified the coastline from 1865 were recorded. The geo-historical approach complemented by Dagwood's "sandwich" methodology was applied. The compilation of facts and specific actions for the occupation of the studied waterfront allowed the identification of a continuous process of coastal transformation. Six temporal sections were distinguished; they illustrate relevant changes in the processes of anthropic intervention on this space: 1865-1914, 1915-1929; 1930-1959; 1960-1979; 1980-1999, 2000-present. It is concluded that the occupation of the coastline and the consequent territorial transformation has been taking place with greater intensity for over two decades through a sustained process of coastal seaside resort development and its associated impacts. The seaside resort models described in this study lay the foundations for the proposal of actions for the sustainable occupation of the dune-beach system in Puerto Madryn's waterfront.

Re-balancing of intensive and extensive factors in the center-peripheral system under the influence of technological development

Regional development prospects depend on a set of factors, among which the most essential are the population density, distance between actors, and the level of development. Those aspects are revealed, on one hand, while analyzing the type of regional development (intensive or extensive), and on the other hand, from the standpoint of the center-peripheral model. An assessment of the sectoral structure of employed people in the economy of the region and the population density are also used to identify the development type. The combination of these approaches makes it possible to identify the regional capacity for innovations diffusion and knowledge spillover. The aim of the research is to assess regional differences in the economy sectoral structure for identifying the innovative and extensive types of Russian regions. There are other methods used in the research as well: cartographic analysis, structural-sectoral analysis, and typology. The types of regions characterized by disproportions of intensive and extensive development have been identified. Measures are proposed to realize the regional economic potential. The issues of the territorial transformation of the settlement system and economic space are discussed. Further research is associated with an extended analysis of intensive development factors and cross-county comparison of the factors of innovations diffusion intensity and knowledge spillover.

Paisaje, patrimonio y turismo: expresión sistémica en la integración del Corredor Bioceánico Central

The territorial transformation being undergone by the Rural Department of Iglesia in San Juan‑ ‑Argentina opens up “opportunities” for development that may represent threats to its sustainability. The con‑ solidation of the Central Bio‑Oceanic corridor foresees new scenarios such as the construction of the Paso de Agua Negra International Tunnel, aimed at promoting integration and demanding, as a result, provision of utilities and amenities that broaden the horizon for regional planning, to compensate for previous partial projects. The aim of this research is to give a critical review of previous conceptual and methodological approaches to Heritage, Landscape and Tourism, as addressed in “The Plan of land use and territorial development for the rural area of Iglesia “. The aim is to provide a theoretical‑methodological approach that allows for an understanding of the systemic reality and of how landscape and heritage can be classified in a functional manner to structure tourism. Essential rural planning criteria are considered within the framework of the nascent heritage tourism vocation. The discussion and conclusions underline the systemic importance of these concepts as an input for all planning and territorial organisation. The broaching of alternative contextualised situations of development poses inter‑ disciplinary challenges to heritage conservation and possible alienation of the location from its territory.

The Material Politics of Infrastructure Networks Infrastructure Design and Territorial Transformation in Belgium, 1830–40s

This article delves into the processes of territorial transformation by foregrounding the material dimension of infrastructure. The entry of the research is infrastructure network design and planning. We will trace the concepts of territorial transformation inscribed into the material layout of large technical systems by analyzing the discourse of engineers and policy makers involved in the conception of infrastructure networks. In so doing, the material politics of infrastructure networks will be studied: How did engineers and policy makers design infrastructure to generate a specific territorial transformation? Moreover, how did technological plans hold the idea that one could influence modernization processes by means of a territorial transformation instigated by infrastructure? The neutral status of technology is thus fundamentally challenged by showing that engineers, in association with policy makers, were essential actors in the planned transformation of the territory as they organized infrastructure networks according to specific ideas relating spatial and societal transformation. The article focuses on two decades after the independence of Belgium (1831), when engineers conceived comprehensive networks of rails, waterways, and roads. The material politics of two major public works initiatives will be analyzed: (1) the centrally positioned railway network that connected all industrial centers within the territory as well as with the markets of neighboring countries, positioning Belgium into Europe as international turntable, and (2) a network of roads and canals in peripheral, so-called unproductive, regions that had to integrate these regions within national borders, and indeed extend these borders, as well as buffer and govern the side-effects and risks generated by the accelerating industrialization in the central parts of the nation.