scholarly journals Status of Indonesia's sovereign rights in the north natuna sea conflict area consequences of China's nine-dash line claim

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S3) ◽  
pp. 1775-1783
Author(s):  
Ingrid Fernandes ◽  
Zainul Daulay ◽  
Ferdi Ferdi ◽  
Delfiyanti Delfiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Coast Guard ◽  
Fishing Ground ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Fishing Rights ◽  
Conflict Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Dash Line ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Traditional Fishing

The existence of sovereign rights in the North Natuna Sea has begun to be disturbed since China's claim of traditional fishing rights was strengthened by the nine-dash line claim. This claim includes the North Natuna Sea area into China's territorial sea, which makes this area a conflict area. The problem in this research is the existence of traditional fishing ground rights in UNCLOS III 1982 and the impact of the nine-dash line claim on Indonesia's sovereign rights in the conflict area of ??the North Natuna Sea. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results of the study explained that the 1982 UNCLOS III did not regulate traditional fishing ground, and the impact of the nine-dash line claim is very significant, as can be seen from the activities of Chinese fishers in the North Natuna Sea, which are supported by Chinese coast guard vessels, which have disrupted Indonesia's enjoyment of its sovereign rights. Thus, it can be concluded that the traditional fishing ground rights with the nine-dash line claim are not based on international law but are only based on China's unilateral claims and create conflicts that impact Indonesia.

scholarly journals Klaim Republik Rakyat China atas Zona Ekonomi Ekslusif Indonesia

SASI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Efie Baadilla
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Fishing Rights ◽  
China Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Dash Line ◽  
Traditional Fishing

The South China Sea is a strategic marine area and contains both living and non-living natural resources. The purpose of this paper is to analyze China's claim to Indonesia's ZEE in the South China Sea, which is known to Indonesia as the North Natuna Sea. China's claim to the Nine dash line in the South China Sea has had an impact on Indonesia and several countries. The research method uses normative research with a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The results of his study show that the recent conflict between Indonesia and China in the South China Sea has brought about a new conflict between the two countries even though Indonesia has so far not considered a problem. In fact, the application of the nine dash line as Traditional fishing grounds was not known in UNCLOS 1982, but the concept known was Traditional fishing rights. Indonesia has sovereignty and sovereign rights over North Natuna waters based on UNCLOS, for this reason, Indonesia needs to continue to carry out exploitation and exploration activities, supervision and legal action to guarantee the sovereign rights of the State.

scholarly journals The impact of shipping emissions on air pollution in the greater North Sea region – Part 2: Scenarios for 2030

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 759-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Matthias ◽  
A. Aulinger ◽  
A. Backes ◽  
J. Bieser ◽  
B. Geyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Chemistry Transport Model ◽  
The North ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ship Fuels

Abstract. Scenarios for future shipping emissions in the North Sea have been developed in the framework of the Clean North Sea Shipping project. The effects of changing NOx and SO2 emissions were investigated with the CMAQ chemistry transport model for the year 2030 in the North Sea area. It has been found that, compared to today, the contribution of shipping to the NO2 and O3 concentrations will increase due to the expected enhanced traffic by more than 20 and 5 %, respectively, by 2030 if no regulation for further emission reductions is implemented in the North Sea area. PM2.5 will decrease slightly because the sulfur contents in ship fuels will be reduced as international regulations foresee. The effects differ largely between regions, seasons and date of the implementation of stricter regulations for NOx emissions from newly built ships.

scholarly journals IMPLIKASI YURIDIS PERUBAHAN NAMA LAUT NATUNA UTARA TERHADAP ZONA EKOMONI EKSKLUSIF INDONESIA (ZEEI) DITINJAU DARI HUKUM INTERNASIONAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Rizky Hidayatullah ◽  
Chomariyah Chomariyah ◽  
Dita Birahayu
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
The North ◽  
External Impact ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

Indonesia changes the name of the sea in its Exclusive Economic Zone, which initially changed the name of the South China Sea to North Natuna Sea. The change in the name of the North Natuna Sea in Indonesia was protested by the Chinese government, given the abundant natural resources that made other countries especially China want to seize this region. Not only that, the North Natuna Sea is also one of the legal conflicts. The Indonesian government must increase awareness in terms of security and national defense in protecting sovereignty, especially in the North Natuna Sea. This study uses a normative juridical method and uses a legislative approach, a case approach, and a conceptual approach in this case literature study of library materials so that it can be called library legal research. The impact of the change in the name of the North Natuna Sea internally, the change in the map of Indonesia in the North Natuna Sea because this change can be implemented without external parties. External impact, Indonesia received recognition from other countries that the name of the Indonesian sea has changed its name. And efforts made by Indonesia to secure the stability of the North Natuna Sea.

scholarly journals The impact of shipping emissions on air pollution in the Greater North Sea region – Part 2: Scenarios for 2030

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 11325-11368 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Matthias ◽  
A. Aulinger ◽  
A. Backes ◽  
J. Bieser ◽  
B. Geyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Chemistry Transport Model ◽  
The North ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ship Fuels

Abstract. Scenarios for future shipping emissions in the North Sea have been developed in the framework of the Clean North Sea Shipping project. The effects of changing NOx and SO2 emissions were invesigated with the chemistry transport model CMAQ for the year 2030 in the North Sea area. It has been found that, compared to today, the contribution of shipping to the NO2 and O3 concentrations will increase due to the expected enhanced traffic by more than 20 and 5%, respectively, by 2030 if no regulation for further emission reductions will be implemented in the North Sea area. PM2.5 will decrease slightly because the sulphur contents in ship fuels will be reduced as international regulations foresee. The effects differ largely between regions, seasons and date of the implementation of stricter regulations for NOx emissions from new built ships.

The impact of different distributions of power on access rights to the common wastelands: the Campine, Brecklands and Geest compared

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAÏKA DE KEYZER
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Specific Aspect ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Common ◽  
Access Rights ◽  
Distribution Of Power ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
The Impact

Abstract:Despite the static image of formal common pool resource institutions (CPRIs), interest communities always attempted to adapt their institutional framework to their particular needs and interests. The hypothesis of Ensminger, that formal and informal institutional environments were steered by the interplay of external socioeconomic factors, ideology and bargaining power, will be tested by a comparative analysis of three regions within the North Sea area, namely the Campine, within the Low Countries, the Brecklands in England and the Geest area in Schleswig Holstein. Due to this scope, we will advance that especially the distribution of power was vital for the evolution of one specific aspect of CPRIs, namely accessibility. Only communities with relatively balanced distributions of power could retain an inclusive access regime throughout the early modern period, while polarised societies evolved towards more restrictive access to the common wastelands.

scholarly journals ANALISIS HISTORICAL TRADITIONAL FISHING RIGHT PADA ZONA EKONOMI EKSKLUSIF (ZEE) INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satria Unggul Wicaksana Prakasa ◽  
Al-Qodar Purwo
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
International Market ◽  
Fishing Ground ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Fishing Rights ◽  
Iuu Fishing ◽  
Bilateral Agreement ◽  
The Right ◽  
Traditional Fishing ◽  
The Unclos

Indonesian people are shocked by the case of the Chinese Fisheries (KM) with the name KM Kway Fey 10078 which is categorized as a Foreign Fish Boat (KIA) fishing around the Natuna Islands waters which are the territorial waters of the Indonesian EEZ. The concept of historical traditional fishing ground towards waters in the Natuna sea region which in fact is still an Indonesian EEZ area needs to be further analyzed. The formulation of the problem in legal research are: (1). Theoretical and regulatory regarding Historical Traditonal Fishing Ground based on UNCLOS 1982. (2). The provisions of IUU Fishing are based on UNCLOS 1982 and Indonesian legislation is applied in the case of Historical Traditonal Fishing Ground which catches fish in Indonesian (EEZ) waters. Legal research methods are used with statute approaches and conceptual approaches. The results of this research are (1). If without a bilateral agreement, it is in accordance with the UNCLOS 1982 Historical Traditions of Fishing Ground is categorized as one of the IUU Fishing and violations of jurisdiction and territorial integrity of Indonesia, where Indonesian legal authorities have the right to take action on every fisherman who claims to have traditional fishing rights in accordance with Indonesian legal mechanisms. (2). Needs support from countries to implement policies, programs, and practices from these countries to make this rule implementable, so that there is an impact of remedy for countries that are considered to do IUU Fishing under the pretext of using historical traditional fishing right, then fish commodities arrested was prohibited from being traded on the international market, because the commodity was captured from a process of violation of international marine law and violation of jurisdiction and sovereignty of the State.

Financial Risks of the Bank: Assessment and Mechanism of Neutralization

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Nelia Volkova ◽  
◽  
Alina Mukhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Banking Institution ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction. The issue of financial risk management of commercial banks is quite relevant today, because the activity of banks is the most risky of all. The presence of risks in banking can lead to unexpected losses, namely the loss of own resources. That’s why for the stable operation of the bank without loss the priority is to assess the financial risks, which is the basis for their further neutralization. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to develop conceptual provisions for assessment financial risks and justifying the need to neutralize them. Results. The article analyzes the impact of risks on the financial stability of a banking institution. The main methods of bank risk assessment are considered. All these include the statistical method, the analytical method, the expert method, the analogue method and the combined method. The necessity of neutralization of financial risks in order to avoid negative consequences is substantiated. Also the methods of bank risks neutralization are considered. It should be noted that these methods of neutralization can not only be used, but also supplement the list with new methods must be done, which in the future will protect the bank from the influence of undesirable factors. A conceptual approach to the assessment and neutralization of financial risks is proposed. This conceptual approach aims to ensure effective assessment of the level of risk with their subsequent neutralization Conclusions. Use of a conceptual approach will allow an effective risk assessment and decision-making to avoid or accept risk. Thanks to using this approach, the banking institution will be able to react swiftly to the presence of financial risks and to prevent the occurrence of negative consequences, which may lead to a violation of the financial stability of the bank.

Nachhaltigkeit im Wald – vor und hinter der Welle der Globalisierung | Sustainable Forest Management – In Front and Behind the Wave of Globalization

2000 ◽  
Vol 151 (12) ◽  
pp. 502-507
Author(s):  
Christian Küchli
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Impact

Are there any common patterns in the transition processes from traditional and more or less sustainable forest management to exploitative use, which can regularly be observed both in central Europe and in the countries of the South (e.g. India or Indonesia)? Attempts were made with a time-space-model to typify those force fields, in which traditional sustainable forest management is undermined and is then transformed into a modern type of sustainable forest management. Although it is unlikely that the history of the North will become the future of the South, the glimpse into the northern past offers a useful starting point for the understanding of the current situation in the South, which in turn could stimulate the debate on development. For instance, the patterns which stand behind the conflicts on forest use in the Himalayas are very similar to the conflicts in the Alps. In the same way, the impact of socio-economic changes on the environment – key word ‹globalisation› – is often much the same. To recognize comparable patterns can be very valuable because it can act as a stimulant for the search of political, legal and technical solutions adapted to a specific situation. For the global community the realization of the way political-economic alliances work at the head of the ‹globalisationwave›can only signify to carry on trying to find a common language and understanding at the negotiation tables. On the lee side of the destructive breaker it is necessary to conserve and care for what survived. As it was the case in Switzerland these forest islands could once become the germination points for the genesis of a cultural landscape, where close-to-nature managed forests will constitute an essential element.

Healthcare System in the Arctic Zone of Russia. Known and Emerging Issues and Solutions to Them

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-20
Author(s):  
V.N. Leksin
Keyword(s):  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
The North ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
The Impact

The impact on healthcare organization on the territory of Russian Arctic of unique natural and climatic, demographic, ethnic, settlement and professional factors of influencing the health of population, constantly or temporarily living on this territory is studied. The necessity is substantiated of various forms and resource provision with healthcare services such real and potential patients of Arctic medical institutions, as representatives of indigenous small peoples of the North, workers of mining and metallurgical industry, military personnel, sailors and shift workers. In this connection a correction of a number of All-Russian normative acts is proposed.

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