scholarly journals Performance evaluation of spirodiclofen, spirotetramat and carboxymethyl cellulose-B for management of Cacopsylla pyri

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Đura Nađ ◽  
Dušan Marinković
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Foliar Fertilizer ◽  
Direct Damage ◽  
Cacopsylla Pyri ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
The Republic

The pear psyllid [Cacopsylla pyri (L.), (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)] represents one of the most economically significant pests of pear in Serbia and worldwide. It causes direct damage throughout feeding on young stems and leaves, but also creates favourable conditions for the development of plant diseases. In this article susceptibility of C. pyri to spirodiclofen, spirotetramat, and their combinations with foliar fertilizer (carboxymethyl cellulose-boron, CMC-B) was investigated in order to assess their efficacy. Experiments were conducted in accordance with standard OEPP/EPPO methods, in field trials on two localities in the Republic of Serbia (Kula, Vrbas), during 2020/21. Results of the field trials indicate good efficacy for all variants in pear psyllid control in pear orchards. The high efficacy of spirodiclofen (87.4–95.4%), spirotetramat (82.5–91.8%), spirodiclofen + CMC-B (90.3–99.8%), spirotetramat + CMC-B (89.5–96.8%) was achieved at both localities seven days after treatment during 2020/21 field trials. Also, it can be concluded for examinations 14 days after treatment, where the efficacy of spirodiclofen (84.9–92.0%), spirotetramat (81.2–91.7%), spirodiclofen + CMC-B (88.9–97.5%), and spirotetramat + CMC-B (82.3–92.5%) was high at both of investigated localities. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that the high efficacy of the researched insecticides is a good indicator of C. pyri susceptibility in pear orchards.  

scholarly journals The efficacy of novel diamide insecticides in Grapholita molesta suppression and their residues in peach fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Antonije Žunić ◽  
Slavica Vuković ◽  
Sanja Lazić ◽  
Dragana Šunjka ◽  
Dragana Bošković
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Residue Level ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
The Novel ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Grapholita Molesta ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Maximum Residue Level ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

The oriental fruit moth [(Grapholita molesta (Busck, 1916)] represents one of the most significant and destructive pests of peaches in Serbia and worldwide. Its susceptibility to the novel diamide insecticides, cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole, was assessed in this article. The dissipation dynamics and behaviour of these insecticides in the peach fruit were also determined. Field trials were carried out at two localities in the Republic of Serbia (Čerević, Mala Remeta), according to standard EPPO methods. The cyantraniliprole <br />(100 g a. i./l, SE) and chlorantraniliprole (200 g a. i./l, SC) based products were foliar applied at rate of 0.6 and 0.2 l/ha, respectively. The efficacy of the applied products was evaluated by counting the number of fruits damaged by the G. molesta larvae. The high efficacy of cyantraniliprole (89.5–94.1%) and chlorantraniliprole (93.5–95.6%) was achieved at both localities. Right after the drying of the deposit, the concentration of cyantraniliprole in the peach fruits was at the EU maximum residue level (MRL) of 1.5 mg/kg, while the MRL level of 1 mg/kg was achieved after seven days (0.95 mg/kg) for chlorantraniliprole. The cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole half-life dissipation in the peach fruit were 2.50 and 3.15 days. It can be concluded that the high efficacy of the researched insecticides is a good indicator of G. molesta susceptibility in peach orchards.

scholarly journals Field efficacy of mandipropamid for the control of potato late blight

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
Emil Rekanovic ◽  
Milos Stepanovic ◽  
Milan Stevic ◽  
Ivana Potocnik ◽  
Biljana Todorovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Potato Late Blight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
Disease Pressure

The efficacy of mandipropamid (Revus 250 SC) in controlling Phytophthora infestans in potato was evaluated in field trials. The efficacies of Revus 250 SC in comparison with standard fungicides Quadris (azoxystrobin) were tested in several localities in Serbia (Kasarske Livade, Valjevska Kamenica and Opovo) in 2007 and 2008. Both of the tested fungicides exhibited high efficacy in controlling potato late blight. The differencies in the efficacy of Revus 250 SC (96.3- 99.2%) and Quadris (94.1-95.5%) were insignificant. Our experiments showed that the investigated fungicide was highly effective against P. infestans even under high disease pressure.

scholarly journals Growth Restriction of Rhizoctonia solani via Breakage of Intracellular Organelles Using Crude Extracts of Gallnut and Clove

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1667
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Xianfeng Hu ◽  
Chenglong Yang ◽  
Xiaomao Wu ◽  
Rongyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Plant diseases reduce crop yield and quality, hampering the development of agriculture. Fungicides, which restrict chemical synthesis in fungi, are the strongest controls for plant diseases. However, the harmful effects on the environment due to continued and uncontrolled utilization of fungicides have become a major challenge in recent years. Plant-sourced fungicides are a class of plant antibacterial substances or compounds that induce plant defenses. They can kill or inhibit the growth of target pathogens efficiently with no or low toxicity, they degrade readily, and do not prompt development of resistance, which has led to their widespread use. In this study, the growth inhibition effect of 24 plant-sourced ethanol extracts on rice sprigs was studied. Ethanol extract of gallnuts and cloves inhibited the growth of bacteria by up to 100%. Indoor toxicity measurement results showed that the gallnut and glove constituents inhibition reached 39.23 μg/mL and 18.82 μg/mL, respectively. Extract treated rice sprigs were dry and wrinkled. Gallnut caused intracellular swelling and breakage of mitochondria, disintegration of nuclei, aggregation of protoplasts, and complete degradation of organelles in hyphae and aggregation of cellular contents. Protection of Rhizoctonia solani viability reached 46.8% for gallnut and 37.88% for clove in water emulsions of 1000 μg/mL gallnut and clove in the presence of 0.1% Tween 80. The protection by gallnut was significantly stronger than that of clove. The data could inform the choice of plant-sourced fungicides for the comprehensive treatment of rice sprig disease. The studied extract effectively protected rice sprigs and could be a suitable alternative to commercially available chemical fungicides. Further optimized field trials are needed to effectively sterilize rice paddies.

scholarly journals First Report of Downy Mildew Caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis on Chayote (Sechium edule) in Taiwan

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 1706-1706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ko ◽  
C. Y. Chen ◽  
C. W. Liu ◽  
S. S. Chen ◽  
S. Maruthasalam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Pseudoperonospora Cubensis ◽  
First Report ◽  
Agricultural Improvement ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Sechium Edule ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
The Republic

Chayote (Sechium edule) is cultivated on more than 500 ha in Taiwan for its edible shoots and fruit. In August 2005 and later, 40 to 75% of the chayote plants cultivated in the Taichung District Agricultural Improvement Station in Puli developed pale yellow, irregular spots on the upper leaf surfaces with corresponding sporulation on the lower leaf surfaces. The lesions eventually became necrotic and spread over the entire leaf surface, leading to defoliation. Pseudoperonospora cubensis, which was previously reported as the cause of downy mildew on squash (Cucurbita moschata), muskmelon (Cucumis melo), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), and sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica) in Taiwan, was identified (1). Sporangiophores were 182 to 410 μm long, 4.8 to 7.2 μm wide, and dichotomously branched. Sporangia were grayish, ovoid to ellipsoidal, 18.2 to 38.6 μm long, and 13.5 to 25.2 μm wide. Biflagellate zoospores were 9.5 to 12.6 μm in diameter. Pathogenicity tests were conducted four times with six 2-week-old plants in each trial. A sporangial suspension (1 × 105 spores per ml) prepared from infected leaves (5 to 6 weeks after infection) was sprayed on all leaves until runoff. The plants were then covered with polythene bags and incubated for 48 h at 18 ± 1°C in a growth chamber. Control plants were sprayed with sterile water. Characteristic symptoms developed on all inoculated plants after 20 days, while control plants remained symptomless. Microscopic observation of leaf tissues of symptomatic plants confirmed the presence of P. cubensis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. cubensis causing downy mildew on chayote in Taiwan. References: (1) S. T. Hsu et al. List of Plant Diseases in Taiwan. The Phytopathological Society of the Republic of China, 2002.

scholarly journals Perception of civil servants regarding the professional performance assessment process in the Republic of Moldova

2021 ◽  
pp. 148-158
Author(s):  
Ana Varzari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

This article includes an empirical research of the process of evaluating the performance in the public service of the Republic of Moldova, in the perception of civil servants. The importance of the quality of human resources and personnel policy in the public administration and the role of performance evaluation in order to streamline public administration were highlighted. In order to have a better understanding of the impact of performance appraisal of civil servants on the administration process in the Republic of Moldova, a study was conducted by collecting empirical data. Empirical research illustrates the state of affairs in this segment of the competitive labor market. The application of sociological research methods, techniques, procedures and tools provided the opportunity to study the perception of civil servants on the performance evaluation process in the Republic of Moldova.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of quality protein maize genotypes across various maize production agro ecologies of Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiban Shrestha ◽  
Keshab B Koirala ◽  
Ram B. Katuwal ◽  
Narayan B Dhami ◽  
Bhanu B Pokhrel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Superior Genotypes

To identify superior quality protein maize genotypes for grain yield under different agro climatic conditions of terai and hill districts in Nepal, the coordinated varietal trials (CVT) were conducted at Dailekh, Doti, Salyan, Lumle and Pakhribas in 2013 and Salyan, Pakhribas and Kabre in 2014 during summer season and coordinated farmer’s field trials (CFFT) at Surkhet and Dailekh in 2013 and Salyan, Pakhribas and Khumaltar in 2014 during summer season. The experiment was carried out using randomized complete block design with three replications for CVT and CFFT. Across the locations and years the superior genotypes found under CVT were S01SIYQ, S01SIWQ-2 and Poshilo Makai-1 where as S99TLYQ-HG-AB, S99TLYQ-B and Poshilo Makai-1 were found superior genotypes under CFFT. The superior genotypes derived from CFFT will be promoted further for similar environments across the country.Journal of Maize Research and Development (2015) 1(1):21-27DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.34282

scholarly journals The use of herbicides for weed control in direct wet-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) in rice production regions in the Republic of Macedonia

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Pacanoski ◽  
G. Glatkova
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
The Republic

Field trials were conducted in the Agricultural Research Institute for Rice, at two localities during 2005 and 2006. The objective of the study was to establish an appropriate weed management strategy for the effective control of weed flora in direct wet-seeded rice. Herbicide selectivity and influence on grain yield were also evaluated. The weed population in the trials was composed of 8 and 5 weed species in Kočani and Probi&scaron;tip locality, respectively. The most prevailing weeds in both localities were:Cyperus rotundus, Echinochloa crus-galli and Heteranthea limosa. The average weediness for both years was 456.8 weed stems per m<sup>2</sup> in Kočani locality and 589.0 weed stems per m<sup>2</sup> in Probi&scaron;tip locality. In both localities all herbicides controlled Cyperus rotundus, Echinochloa crus-galli and Heteranthera limosa excellently except Mefenacet 53 WP. All applied herbicides showed high selectivity to rice, no visual injuries were determined at any rates in any year and locality. Herbicidal treatments in both localities significantly increased rice grain yield in comparison with untreated control.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF FIVE PERMETHRIN/ PBO 30-30 GROUND ULV INSECTICIDES AGAINST FIELD COLLECTED ADULT AEDES AEGYPTI, AEDES TAENIORHYNCHUS, AND CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS IN MANATEE COUNTY, FLORIDA

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Katie F. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Efficacy Data ◽  
Aedes Taeniorhynchus ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

We investigated five formulations containing synergized permethrin/PBO active ingredients, Biomist® 30-30, Evoluer® 30-30, Kontrol™ 30-30, Permanone® 30-30, and Perm-X™ UL 30-30, to determine whether there was variation in efficacy against caged local field collected adult Aedes aegypti, Aedes taeniorhynchus, and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. Mortality data from field trials with these formulations applied via truck mounted ultra-low volume sprays at mid (113 mL/ha [1.55 oz/A]) and maximum (226 mL/ha [3.10 oz/A]) label rates indicated generally low efficacy against Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus but generally high efficacy against Ae. taeniorhynchus. We discuss potential underlying mechanisms for this variation including effects of meteorology and resistance, and how field-derived efficacy data may be used operationally by mosquito and vector control districts to mitigate cost, environmental impact, and pesticide resistance.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF PRECIPITATIONS IN A VEGETATION PERIOD ON PRODUCTIVITY OF THE ZONED SPRING BARLEY VARIETIES IN THE ARID CENTRAL ZONE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KALMYKIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. А. Goldvarg ◽  
М. V. Boktaev ◽  
Е. G. Filippov ◽  
А. А. Dontsova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Variety Testing

In the arid central zone of the Republic of Kalmykia, one of the limiting factors that affects spring barley productivity is the soil moisture content during a vegetation period. The paper discusses the results of a long-term research of zoned spring barley varieties of various breeding institutions in the experimental field of the KRIA named after M. B. Narmaeva, a branch of the FSBSI “PAFRC RAS” to study the effect of instability of soil moisture in a vegetation period on their productivity and especially in the period of grain filling. Field trials were carried out according to the Methods of State Variety Testing of agricultural crops and Methodology of a field trial. In the course of the studies it was found that in arid years the variety “Shchedry” formed a larger yield than that of other zoned varieties. Moreover, in the wet years of 2016 and 2017 the variety “Shchedry” productivity was inferior to the varieties “Prerii” and “Strannik” on average. It has been revealed that in conditions with uneven precipitation in different years, June precipitation has a decisive effect on spring barley productivity in the central zone of the Republic of Kalmykia.

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