PENGARUH BAHAN TAMBAH RD260, E7016, ER705-6 PADA PENGELASAN OXY- ACETYLENE TERHADAP KEKUATAN TARIK PADA PLAT BORDES TIPE ST-37

This study aims to test the performance of the steering system, transmission, and electric braking system of the Urban Concept Warek V.1.1 type. The basic assumption of electricity is designed with the Urban Concept type (four vehicles like the current car) which is adjusted to the regulations for the Energy Saving Petite Contest (KMHE), which is held by the Indonesian government through the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education. In the steering system design using the Ackerman type steering system, the transmission system uses a chain deive differential while the braking system uses hideelik discs. In the test results, the steering system has a maximum turning angle of 45 ° with a radius of less than 6 meters, for the transmission system in the test engine rotation speed (n,) is 589,867 rpm and electric meter rotation is 642.6 rpm with average speed - Average. 53 km / hour. The amount of deceleration of the braking system is 4.901 and 1.47 s for the braking time.

Improving the Energy Performance of Traction Electric Drive Vehicles in Solving Electric Braking

The effectiveness of the electric braking system largely depends on how the braking is carried out, whether the braking characteristics that it forms are acceptable for a given vehicle, how simple and reliable the technical solutions embedded in the system are, and where the braking energy is used. With electric braking, it is possible not only to extinguish the electrical energy on the braking resistor, but also to send it back to the storage device and again use it in traction mode. This paper analyzes the most common methods of electric braking used in electric braking systems for traction electric drives that are in operation on vehicles. As the main criterion for evaluating the method of electric braking, its energy indicators are selected. The results of scientific research of the proposed new method of electric braking, which provides better energy performance and new technical solutions for its implementation, are considered. When implementing this method, DC motors are operated by sequential excitation generators. The current in the field windings is regulated by a DC-DC-converter. Energy in the power circuit is accumulated in storage devices and used in traction mode. When the storage devices are filled, the energy in the power circuit is extinguished by the braking resistor, and the energy from the output of the DC-DC-converter is used for own needs. In this case, braking characteristics are formed as in generators of independent excitation. To increase the braking efficiency at low speeds, it is necessary to smoothly regulate the resistance of the braking resistors by shunting them with transistor switches.

Innovative and Efficient Electric Braking System in High-Speed Trains using Proportional Resonant Controller

The high-speed trains are eight times more efficient than traditional trains because it significantly operates faster than the other trains; however, the train accidents are happened as because of its poor braking system. From this reason, effective braking system control techniques are developed. In this paper, the electric brake regenerative system is introduced to control the high-speed train. Therefore the braking system of a high-speed train is modeled in Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor, which is controlled by the gain of Proportional Resonant (PR) controller. Subsequently, the parameters of the controller and error percentage from the controller in the braking system are optimized using Multi-Objective African Buffalo Optimization (MOABO). The developed controller in braking system stability is analyzing by the Lyapunov function. The results of the braking system are validating by the torque and speed of the high-speed train braking system. Furthermore, the proposed high-speed braking system control is compared with existing control techniques in a high-speed train.

Qualitative Validation Approach Using Digital Model for the Health Management of Electromechanical Actuators

An efficient and all-inclusive health management encompassing condition-based maintenance (CBM) environment plays a pivotal role in enhancing the useful life of mission-critical systems. Leveraging high fidelity digital modelling and simulation, scalable to digital twin (DT) representation, quadruples their performance prediction and health management regime. The work presented in this paper does exactly the same for an electric braking system (EBS) of a more-electric aircraft (MEA) by developing a highly representative digital model of its electro-mechanical actuator (EMA) and integrating it with the digital model of anti-skid braking system (ABS). We have shown how, when supported with more-realistic simulation and the application of a qualitative validation approach, various fault modes (such as open circuit, circuit intermittence, and jamming) are implemented in an EMA digital model, followed by their impact assessment. Substantial performance degradation of an electric braking system is observed along with associated hazards as different fault mode scenarios are introduced into the model. With the subsequent qualitative validation of an EMA digital model, a complete performance as well as reliability profile of an EMA can be built to enable its wider deployment and safe integration with a larger number of aircraft systems to achieve environmentally friendly objectives of the aircraft industry. Most significantly, the qualitative validation provides an efficient method of identifying various fault modes in an EMA through rapid monitoring of associated sensor signals and their comparative analysis. It is envisaged that when applied as an add-on in digital twin environment, it would help enhance its CBM capability and improve the overall health management regime of electric braking systems in more-electric aircraft.

Research on Accurate Modeling and Control for Pneumatic Electric Braking System of Commercial Vehicle Based on Multi-Dynamic Parameters Measurement

Accurate pressure control and fast dynamic response are vital to the pneumatic electric braking system (PEBS) for that commercial vehicles require higher regulation precision of braking force on four wheels when braking force distribution is carried out under some conditions. Due to the lagging information acquisition, most feedback-based control algorithms are difficult to further improve the dynamic response of PEBS. Meanwhile, feedforward-based control algorithms like predictive control perform well in improving dynamic performance. but because of the large amount of computation and complexity of this kind of control algorithm, it cannot be applied in real-time on single-chip microcomputer, and it is still in the stage of theoretical research at present. To address this issue and for the sake of engineering reliability, this article presents a logic threshold control scheme combining analogous model predictive control (AMPC) and proportional control. In addition, an experimental device for real-time measuring PEBS multi-dynamic parameters is built. After correcting the key parameters, the precise model is determined and the influence of switching solenoid valve on its dynamic response characteristics is studied. For the control scheme, numerical and physical validation are executed to demonstrate the feasibility of the strategy and for the performance of the controller design. The experimental results show that the dynamic model of PEBS can accurately reflect its pressure characteristics. Furthermore, under different air source pressures, the designed controller can stably control the pressure output of PEBS and ensure that the error is within 8KPa. Compared with the traditional control algorithm, the rapidity is improved by 32.5%.

Multi-Objective Trajectory Optimization for Freight Trains Based on Quadratic Programming

The overspeed protection, smooth driving, punctuality, and energy efficiency of freight trains largely depend on their trajectory optimization. This paper proposes a multi-objective optimization model, which maximizes the weighted sum of energy efficiency, punctuality, and driving smoothness. Model constraints systematically cover many practical conditions, including varying line resistance, overspeed protection, discrete neutral zones, and nonlinear traction and electric braking characteristics. Electric braking and pneumatic braking are distinguished in the freight train model, and the utilization of feedback braking energy is also considered. By nonlinear approximation, the proposed multi-objective optimization model is solved by the quadratic programming (QP) algorithm, and optimized trajectories are obtained. Numerical simulation demonstrates the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method. Comparisons with two actual trials show that the energy efficiency and driving smoothness of the proposed method are better than that of the drivers’ operation with the same journey time. In addition, the algorithm has a short computation time, which has the potential to be integrated for on-board devices such as the driver advisory system (DAS).