scholarly journals Efektivitas Biolarvasida Serai Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus) Dengan Daun Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L.) Terhadap Larva Aedes aegypti

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Christina L Salaki ◽  
Herlina Wungouw ◽  
Henny V Makal
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Cymbopogon Nardus ◽  
Significant Difference

Penelitian ini menguji efektivitas kombinasi biolarvasida minyak atsiri serai wangi (Cymbopogon nardus) dengan daun cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum l.) Terhadap larva nyamuk Ae. aegypti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (a) menganalisis pengaruh pemberian kombinasi biolarvasida minyak atsiri serai wangi dan daun cengkeh terhadap perkembangan larva Ae. aegypti, (b) menganalisis uji daya bunuh kombinasi biolarvasida serai wangi (sw) dan daun cengkeh (dc) terhadap larva Ae. aegypti, (c) menganalisis uji patogenisitas dari kombinasi biolarvasida serai wangi dan daun cengkeh terhadap larva Ae. aegypti. Uji kombinasi biolarvasida ini dilakukan terhadap larva nyamuk Ae. aegypti instar III  dengan perlakuan variasi kombinasi konsentrasi “SW 2% (P)”, “ SW 0,75% ” + “DC1,25% (P1)”, “SW 1%” + “DC 1% (P2)”, “SW 1,25 %” + “DC 0,75% (P3)” , “DC 2% (P4)”. dan Kontrol air (P-). Themepos (P+). Parameter yang diamati meliputi gejala, persentase mortalitas dan waktu kematian.  Mortalitas larva diamati pada jam ke-6,12,18,24  setelah aplikasi. Perbedaan proporsi mortalitas antar tingkat konsentrasi dengan control diuji dengan metode chi-kuadrat sedangkan lT50 dengan analisis probit.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan masing-masing kombinasi bahan uji (P,P1,P2,P3 dan P4) tidak memiliki perbedaan pengaruh yang sginifikan sebagai biolarvasida dengan taraf signifikansi sebesar 0,05.. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian ini bahwa kelima konsentrasi bahan uji tersebut tidak memberikan perbedaan pengaruh yang signifikan sebagai biolarvasida. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri serai wangi dan daun cengkeh baik diaplikasi secara tunggal maupun dikombinasi memiliki efektifitas larvasida yang sama dengan temephos dalam membunuh larva nyamuk Ae. aegypti. Waktu kematian (LT50)  ekstrak serai wangi 12,72 jam, daun cengkeh 6,71 jam dan kombinasi 6,38 jam.Kata kunci: Biolarvasida; efektifitas; konsentrasi; patogenisitas The Effectiveness of Biolarvacide Essential Oil of Vitronella (Cymbopogon nardus) with Clove Leaves (Syzygium aromaticum.L.) on Ae. aegypti Mosquito Larvae ABSTRACTThis study tested the effectiveness of the biolarvicide combination of citronella essential oil (cymbopogon nardus) and clove leaf (syzygium aromaticum L.) against the larvae of Ae. aegypti. This study aims to: (a) analyze the effect of giving a combination of biolarvicides of citronella essential oil and clove leaves on the development of Ae. aegypti, (b) analyzing the killing power of the combination of citronella (sw) and clove leaf (dc) biolarvicides against Ae. aegypti, (c) analyzing the pathogenicity test of the combination of citronella and clove leaf biolarvicides against the larvae of Ae. Agypti. This biolarvicide combination test was carried out on the larvae of Ae. aegypti instar iii with treatment variations in the concentration combination “SW 2% (P)”, “SW 0.75%” + “DC1.25% (P1)”, “SW 1%” + “DC 1% (P2)”, “SW 1.25%” + “DC 0.75% (P3)” , “DC 2% (P4)”. and Water control (P-). Themepos (P+). Parameters observed included symptoms of mortality percentage and time of death. Larval mortality was observed at 6, 12, 18, 24 hours after application. The difference in the proportion of mortality between concentration levels and control was tested by the chi-square method while the lt50 method was tested by probit analysis. The results showed that each combination of test materials did not have a significant difference in effect as a biolarvicide with a significance level of 0.05. The conclusion of this study was that the five concentrations of the test material did not give a significant difference in effect as a biolarvicide. This indicates that the essential oils of citronella and clove leaves, either applied singly or in combination, have the same larvicidal effectiveness as temephos in killing the larvae of Ae. aegypti. Time of death (lt50) citronella extract 12.72 hours, clove leaf 6.71 hours and the combination 6.38 hours.Keywords: Biolarvicides; effectiveness; concentration; pathogenicity

scholarly journals Characterization and Pathogenicity Test of Entomopathogenic Nematode Steinernema Species-Kalro

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
C. N. Ngugi ◽  
P. M. Wachira ◽  
J. N. Mbaka ◽  
S. Okoth ◽  
S. Haukeland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Sequence Length ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potential Pest

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are worldwide soil-dwelling insect parasitic nematodes. They are potential pest bio-control agents a key component of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. This study aimed to characterize and evaluate the pathogenicity of an EPN isolate from Kenya. The nematode was isolated from soils using insect bait technique and both morphological and molecular identification was performed. Efficacy of the isolate was evaluated against Tomato leafminer larvae (Tuta absoluta Meyrick.) using dose-based treatments of 0-control, 100, 150, 200, and 250 infective juveniles (IJs/ml). Morphological analysis revealed body length (L) of 835(659-987) µm and 1781 (1297-2097) µm from fresh IJs and males respectively. Males lacked a mucron. The isolate was characterized by the partial sequence length of 877 bp of the ITS region. Blastn results indicated the EPN isolate had a similarity match of 81-92% with Afro-tropical Steinernema species. It matched with Steinernema sp. (AY230186.1) from Kenya at 92% and Sri Lanka (AY230184.1). Phylogenetic analysis placed the isolate together with Steinernema sp. (AY230186.1) and (AY230184.1) with a bootstrap value of 100%. Maximum mean larval mortality (80%; 96%) was achieved 24 and 48 h post-treatment at concentration 150 IJs/ml. All nematode concentrations achieved over 50% mean mortality after 24 h period. There was a significant difference (P = 0.001) between doses 150 and 200 IJs/ml. From the study, it was concluded that the nematode isolate was Steinernema sp now referred to as Steinernema sp. Kalro (Genebank Accession MW151701). The EPN has the potential for development as a biological control agent against T. absoluta.

scholarly journals Toxisitas temephos, minyak atsiri jahe ​(Zingiber officinale Roxb)​, dan ​Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis​ (Bti) terhadap larva nyamuk ​Ae. aegypti​ dari Sumatra Utara

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Horas Sihotang ◽  
Sitti Umniyati
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Liquid Solution ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diagnostic Dose ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Lc50 And Lc90

Purpose:  The purpose of this study was to confirm the resistance status and resistance ratio (RR) of  Ae. aegypti larvae to temephos as well as to determine the effectiveness of a liquid solution of Bti H-14 and the essential oil of ginger (Zingiber officinale roxb) against Ae. aegypti larvae from Deli Serdang, North Sumatra.Method: A randomized post-test only control group was con- ducted using 3rd instar larvae of Ae. aegypti as the subjects of this study. Larval mortality was recorded after 24 hours of exposure with diagnostic dose of temephos (0.02ppm) to determine the resistance status. Probit analysis was conducted to determine median lethal time (LT50) and the RR. The concetration of Bti toxicity test was 0.01, 0.013, 0.017, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 mL/L and the concentration of toxicity essential oil of ginger test was 66.6, 99.9, 133.2, 166.5, 199.8 and 266.4 ppm.Results: Ae. aegypti larvae were resistant to temephos (0.02ppm) with RR 1.9 < 5. The value of LC50 and LC90 of Bti were 0.014; 0.024 mL/L respectively. The value of LC50 and LC90 of essential oil of ginger solution were 65.6ppm and 129.1ppm respectively.Conclusion: Larvae are resistant to temephos with low resistance criteria. Bti and essential oil of ginger are toxic to Ae. aegypti larvae.

scholarly journals Effect of essential oils of Myrtaceae plants on the Penicillium commune

10.5219/1106 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 604-613
Author(s):  
Dana Tančinová ◽  
Denisa Foltínová ◽  
Zuzana Mašková ◽  
Jana Štefániková ◽  
Július Árvay
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Melaleuca Quinquenervia ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Penicillium Commune ◽  
Melaleuca Leucadendra

The aim of this research was to determine the inhibitory effect of vapor phase of five essential oils (EOs) on the growth of seven strains of Penicillium commune isolated from moldy milk products. Another objective was to determine the minimum inhibitory doses (in vitro and probit analyses) of EOs, which at concentration 625 μL.L-1 of air completely inhibited the growth of all strains. The antifungal activity was evaluated by the micro-atmosphere method. The essential oils used in this study were extract of plants from family Myrtaceae. Only one essential oil – clove (from Syzygium aromaticum L.; leaves) completely inhibited the growth of all strains during cultivation at 25 °C and 5 °C. Eucalyptus essential oil (from Eucaliptus globulus; leaves), tea tree essential oil (from Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel; leaves), cajeput essential oil (from Melaleuca leucadendra L.; leaves and twigs), niaouli essential oil (from Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T.Blake; leaves) have different effects on the growth of P. commune strains. The order of tested essential oils according to the inhibition effect on the growth of the strains of P. commune (from the strongest to the weakest effect) was: clove > tea tree > cajeput > niaouli > eucalyptus. Clove EO that completely inhibited the growth of all strains was used to determine minimum inhibitory doses (MIDs). The MIDs were 125 µL.L-1 of air for two strains of P. commune and 250 µL.L-1 of air for five strains of P. commune on the 7th and 14th day of cultivation, also. Using probit analysis, predicted MIDs90 and MIDs50 were calculated. The MIDs90 were determined from 104.93 to 301.37 µL.L-1 of air.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic Activity of Citral from Cymbopogon nardus as Anticancer of MCM-B2 Cell

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Hasim Hasim ◽  
Surya Pangidoan Nasution ◽  
Silvi Octavia Kurniawati ◽  
Indah Rachmawati
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Cymbopogon Nardus ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Deadly Disease ◽  
Lemongrass Essential Oil

Cancer is a deadly disease caused by cell abnormalities characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. One type of cancer that is the second leading cause of death is breast cancer. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus) is a plant containing citral and geraniol which has the potential as an anticancer. This research was aimed to analyze the potential of essential oils from citronella as antiproliferation of MCM-B2 breast cancer cells. The results of this research showed that lemongrass essential oil was able to significantly reduce the growth of MCM-B2 cancer cells (p<0.05). The concentration of 3 ppm showed an significant difference in doxorubicin, and the concentration of 24 ppm had the highest inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 5.38 ppm.   Keywords: Antiproliferation, breast cancer, MCM-B2, essential oils, fragrant lemongrass

scholarly journals Uji Efikasi Ekstrak Tanaman Serai (Cymbopogon citratus) terhadap Tingkat Mortalitas Larva Nyamuk Aedes sp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonnia J. Giroth ◽  
Janno B. B. Bernadus ◽  
Angle M. H. Sorisi
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Larval Phase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lethal Time

Abstract: Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are known as the two main vectors of DHF disease. One way to control DHF is by breaking the chain of spread in the larval phase with larvicides. The use of organic larvicides derived from plants is in great demand, one of which is extracts of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus). This study aims to determine the level of efficacy or the effect of concentration of lemongrass extract solution on mortality rates of Aedes sp. larvae. This is an experimental study using 40 instar larvae III / IV of Aedes sp. which were given the intervention of lemongrass plant extracts with a concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. This experiment was carried out twice. Four observations were made every 6 hours. Probit analysis was performed to determine Lethal Concentration (LC50 and LC90) and Lethal Time (LT50 and LT90). The analysis showed that the lemongrass plant extract at a concentration of 20% had a significant difference with the concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, and the control group (p <0.05). In conclusion, extract of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) with a concentration of 20% is effective for killing larvae of Aedes sp.Keywords: Aedes sp., Cymbopogon citratus, larval mortality  Abstrak: Nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus diketahui sebagai dua vektor utama dari penyakit DBD. Salah satu cara pengendalian DBD adalah dengan memutus rantai penyebaran pada fase larva dengan larvasida. Pemanfaatan larvasida organik atau alami yang berasal dari tumbuh-tumbuhan banyak diminati, salah satunya adalah ekstrak tanaman serai (Cymbopogon citratus). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui tingkat keampuhan atau pengaruh konsentrasi larutan ekstrak tanaman serai terhadap tingkat mortalitas larva nyamuk Aedessp. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental sederhana menggunakan 40 ekor larva instar III/IV nyamuk Aedes sp. yang diberikan intervensi ekstrak tanaman serai dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20%. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap 6 jam sebanyak 4 kali, dengan 2 kali percobaan. Analisis probit dilakukan untuk mengetahui Lethal Concentration (LC50 dan LC90) dan Lethal Time (LT50dan LT90). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak tanaman serai pada konsentrasi 20% memiliki perbedaan signifikan dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 15%, dan kelompok kontrol (p < 0,05). Simpulan penelitian ialah ekstrak tanaman serai dengan konsentrasi 20% efektif untuk mematikan larva Aedes sp.Kata Kunci: Aedes sp., Cymbopogon citratus, mortalitas larva

Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic Activity of the Syzygium aromaticum Essential Oil, Molecular Docking and Dynamics Molecular Studies of Its Major Chemical Constituent

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira ◽  
Jorddy Neves da Cruz ◽  
Geovanni Pereira Mitre ◽  
Wanessa Almeida da Costa ◽  
Maria Sueli da Silva Kataoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Binding Free Energy ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Gingival Fibroblasts ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Component

The objective of the present work was to analyze the cytotoxic, antimicrobial activity and the action mechanism of the major component in of the Syzygium aromaticum essential oil obtained by supercritical CO2. In this work, gingival fibroblasts were exposed to the essential oil in different concentrations for one hour: 5 μL/ml, 7.5 μL/ml and 10 μL/ml. Culture medium was used as control. Cytotoxicity analysis was performed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT®) method. The susceptibility was evaluated on three microorganisms Candida albicans, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The statistical analyses showed significant difference in cell viability for the concentration of 10 μL/mL, as compared to the control group. As a result, the plant extract had no cytotoxicity at concentrations below 10 μL/mL in human gingival fibroblasts. The interaction mode of eugenol, the major compound and main component responsible for the biological activity of the essential oil was evaluated. The molecular docking of eugenol with important proteins of the metabolic pathway of the microorganisms C. albicans, E. coli and S. aureus were performed. The results demonstrated that the compound is capable of interacting with catalytic residues of the enzymes and forming an energetically favorable system with such proteins. The results of binding free energy obtained demonstrate this capacity. For the eugenolN-myristoyltransferase (C. albicans) system, the value of ΔGbind was –19.01 kcal/mol, for Enoyl reductase (E. Coli) ΔGbind was equal to –11.31 kcal/mol and for SarA (S. aureus) ΔGbind was –13.58 kcal/mol.

Eryngial (trans-2-dodecenal), a bioactive compound from Eryngium foetidum: its identification, chemical isolation, characterization and comparison with ivermectin in vitro

Parasitology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. FORBES ◽  
W. A. GALLIMORE ◽  
A. MANSINGH ◽  
P. B. REESE ◽  
R. D. ROBINSON
Keyword(s):  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Eryngium Foetidum

SUMMARYMethanol-water (4:1, v/v) crude extracts (50 mg mL−1) of 25 Jamaican medicinal plants were screened in vitro for anthelmintic activity using infective third-stage larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis. The most effective extract was further chemically scrutinized to isolate and identify the source of the bioactivity, and the efficacy of this compound was compared with ivermectin. Eosin exclusion (0·1 mg mL−1) served as the indicator of mortality in all bioassays. A crude extract of Eryngium foetidum (Apiaceae) was significantly (Probit Analysis, P<0·05) more potent than the other plant extracts, taking 18·9 h to kill 50% (LT50) of the larvae. Further, the petrol extract of E. foetidum was significantly more effective (Probit Analysis, P<0·05) at killing the larvae (LT50, 4·7 h) than either its methanol–water or dichloromethane extract. The latter two effected less than 1% larval mortality after 120 h. With bioassay-driven column chromatography of the petrol extract, trans-2-dodecenal (eryngial) was identified and chemically isolated as the main anthelmintic compound in E. foetidum. There was a significant difference between the 24 h LD50 values (mm) of trans-2-dodecenal (0·461) and ivermectin (2·251) but there was none between the 48 h LD50 values (mm): trans-2-dodecenal (0·411) and ivermectin (0·499) in vitro.

Incorporation of micro/nanoparticles of PCL with essential oil of Cymbopogon nardus in bacterial cellulose

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Aline Krindges ◽  
Vanusca Dalosto Jahno ◽  
Fernando Morisso
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Static Culture ◽  
Cymbopogon Nardus ◽  
Cellulose Membranes

Incorporation studies of particles in different substrates with herbal assets growing. The objective of this work was the preparation and characterization of micro/nanoparticles containing cymbopogon nardus essential oil; and the incorporation of them on bacterial cellulose. For the development of the membranes was used the static culture medium and for the preparation of micro/nanoparticles was used the nanoprecipitation methodology. The incorporation of micro/nanoparticles was performed on samples of bacterial cellulose in wet and dry form. For the characterization of micro/nanoparticles were carried out analysis of SEM, zeta potential and particle size. For the verification of the incorporation of particulate matter in cellulose, analyses were conducted of SEM and FTIR. The results showed that it is possible the production and incorporation of micro/nanoparticles containing essential oil in bacterial cellulose membranes in wet form with ethanol.

REVIEW : KARAKTERISTIK FISIK DAN DAYA IRITASI MINYAK ATSIRI BUNGA CENGKEH (Syzygium aromaticum) DALAM BEBERAPA TIPE BASIS SEBAGAI ANTI-INFLAMASI

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-375
Author(s):  
Amraini Amelia ◽  
◽  
Nining Sugihartini ◽  
Hari Susanti ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Clove Essential Oil ◽  
Soluble Base ◽  
Essential Oil Formulations

This review aims to determine the types of bases that can be used every day, which are effective and efficient as anti-inflammatory drugs. The research method used was to review the development of clove essential oil formulations that have been carried out using various concentrations of various types of bases including M / A type cream, A / M type cream, water soluble base, lotion, emulgel, hydrocarbons, hydrogels and absorbents. The recommended formulation is type M / A cream with a concentration of 5% clove flower essential oil. The types of bases studied were M / A cream, type A / M cream, water soluble base, lotion, emulgel, hydrocarbons, hydrogels and absorption properties which had good physical properties and did not irritate the skin of the test animals. This review refers to several national and international journals released in the last ten years, from 2010 to 2020.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria to Control Vibriosis Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mulyati Mulyati ◽  
Suryati Suryati ◽  
Irfani Baga
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Inhibitory Ability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Portunid Crab

The study aims to isolate, characterize, and examine probiotic bacteria's inhibitory ability against Vibrio harveyi bacteria, both in-vitro and in vivo. Methods used in the study consist of 1) An Isolation of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria, 2) An Antagonistic Test of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria in vitro, 3) An Identification of Bacteria, 4) A Pathogenicity Test of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria, 5) An Antagonistic Test of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria against V. harveyi in vivo. According to the isolation of candidate probiotic bacteria, there are 18 isolated candidate probiotic. After being tested for its inhibitory ability in vitro, there are 8 isolates with zone of inhibition as follows: isolate MM 7 from intestine (22 mm), isolate MM 6 from intestine (12 mm), isolate MM 10 from sea water (10 mm), isolate MM 5 from intestine (9 mm), isolate MM 4 from intestine (8 mm), isolate MM 3 from intestine (7 mm), isolate MM 2.2 from intestine (7 mm), isolate MM 2.1 from intestine (7 mm). Eight genera of the candidate probiotic bacteria is derived from Portunid crab, they are Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, bacillus, vibrio, Alcaligenes, Lactobacillus, micrococcus. Before proceeding the V. harveyi bacterial challenge test in vivo, three potential isolates consisting of MM6, MM7 and MM10 as the probiotic bacteria are pathogenicity-tested against V. harveyi. The survival rate of Portunid crab on pathogenicity test using MM6, MM7 and MM10 generates 91.11-100%, while the control generates 100% survival rate. Variance analysis result through post-hoc Tukey's Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test at 95% confidence interval indicates that isolate MM7 and MM10 are significantly able to increase hatchling Portunid crab's survival rate.

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