Conservation Aspects On Developing Geotourism For Young Tourists During The Covid-19 Pandemic In Silalahi Village

Sustainable tourism is a tourism concept that provides sustainability for tourist destinations in the future, where geo-tourism is part of it. Geotourism development in conservation is an action to protect the geo-site from damage. The research area is located in Silalahi Village on the coast of Toba Caldera, rich in geodiversity, biodiversity, and historical-cultural suitable for young visitors. The factors of this study, i.e., Nature Conservation Activities/Geology and Cultural Conservation Activities, were investigated using the mixed method. This study shows geo-tourism development based on the conservation aspect for youth tourists during the COVID-19 pandemic in Silalahi Village. Keywords: Geotourism; conservation aspects; young tourists; COVID-19 eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i18.3063

Discussion on ‘Acheulian and Tephra from Upland Western Maharashtra, (Deccan Volcanic Province), Peninsular India’, by Deo et al. 2021 (SP 515)

Acheulean artefacts are widely known from archaeological complexes in India and commonly comprise handaxes, picks and cleavers. These provide information on human occupation and evolution across India, and have been the subject of much research on stone technology. In some of these sites, artefacts are associated with a Pleistocene volcanic ash layer derived from the Toba caldera in Sumatra, but various studies have derived a wide range of ages from this deposit leading to differing schools of thought as to the age of the tephra. Recent trace element, fission track and mineralogical studies (since 2011), have enabled accurate recognition of each Toba eruptive unit across their fall out, but these approaches continue to be overlooked in some studies where artefacts and Toba tephra co-exist in India. This leads to significant errors in tephra identification, and thus hampers any derived age interpretations. Most recently, this includes the study by Deo et al. (2021) who, in Geological Society Special Publication 515 (Tiwari et al., 2021), report ages for artefacts and tephra from two sites in the Deccan Volcanic Province which have become pivotal in many arguments, namely Morgaon and Bori. Here we address these issues and reiterate the methods for identification of the three main Toba tephra deposits.

GEOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE PUBLIC FACILITIES IN GEOTRAIL BAKKARA, TOBA CALDERA GEOPARK

Bakkara is a village with tourism potential in Geoarea Sibandang, Toba Caldera Geopark, one of UNESCO Global Geopark. This research was conducted to examine and review the geotourism development in Bakkara tourist destinations. Furthermore, the output of this research is to preserve the value of geotourism such as conservation, education, economy, and promotion, especially in public facilities. The method used in this study is a qualitative method through observation and focus group discussion. The results show that public facilities in the development of geotourism have been implemented but have not significantly affected tourism, and require some improvements.

Resurgence initiation and subsolidus eruption of cold carapace of warm magma at Toba Caldera, Sumatra

Supervolcanoes like Toba Caldera, Sumatra, produce the largest eruptions on Earth. However, the magmatic conditions and processes during the period of recovery after catastrophic supereruptions, known as resurgence, are poorly understood. Here we use Bayesian statistical analysis and inverse thermal history modelling of feldspar argon-argon and zircon uranium-thorium/helium ages to investigate resurgence after the 74-thousand-year-old Youngest Toba Tuff eruption. We identify a discordance of up to around 13.6 thousand years between older feldspar and younger zircon ages. Our modelling suggests cold storage of feldspar antecrysts prior to eruption for a maximum duration of around 5 and 13 thousand years at between 280 °C and 500 °C. We propose that the solidified carapace of remnant magma after the Youngest Toba Tuff eruption erupted in a subsolidus state, without being thermally remobilized or rejuvenated. Our study indicates that resurgent uplift and volcanism initiated approximately 5 thousand years after the climactic caldera forming supereruption.

Microscopy Observation of Samosir Formation Paleosoil, Tuktuk Sidaong, North Sumatera, Indonesia.

Samosir is the islands that emerge and standing upon on Toba Caldera after it’s the last eruption at 74.000 years ago. Samosir Island known as the caldera floor that uplifts parallel with Toba’s caldera flooding. In this study, we have observed an outcrop in Tumutuk, Samosir Island that hypothesized as a lacustrine deposit, and we found a paleosoil layer that might give more answers about the geological process in this area at the past time. Based on this outcrop, we described it, followed to measure its stratigraphy section, and took representative samples from the paleosoil layer, then observed the samples under the stereo-microscope as polish rock section, in normal light & negative images. As the result we identify several features of paleosoil & its sedimentary grain that shown this paleosoil layer, two events of the volcanoclastic deposits flown, and exposed two-time, and forming soil, it may form in the shallow swamp in a lacustrine environment, coincide with caldera flooding and caldera floor uplift event.

INDONESIA SOFT POWER: TOBA CALDERA AS UNESCO GLOBAL GEOPARK 2020

This research aims to describe analytically Toba Caldera's ability to become one of the UNESCO Global Geopark in 2020. The research used a qualitative research method and is done through literature studies, government documents, and internet sources. Researchers founded, there are inter-linkages amongst Indonesia's central and local government together with stakeholders' continuous contribution who concern with Toba Caldera's sustainable tourism development. Those concerning parties fought for Toba Caldera's recognition status as the UNESCO Global Geopark. From 2011 to 2020, for nine years, the Toba Caldera was finally named a UNESCO Global Geopark during the UN Cultural Body's 209th Plenary Session held in Paris on July 7, 2020. Toba Caldera Geopark was a worldwide tourist magnet as it was home to 13 sites with breathtaking views, namely: Tongging Sipiso-Piso, Silalahi Sabungan, Haranggaol, Sibaganding Parapat, Eden Park, Balige Liong Spige Meat, Situmurun Blok Uluan, Hutaginjang, Muara Sibandang, Sipinsur Bakti Raja, Bakara Tipang, Tele Pangururan, and Pusuk Buhit. A ceremony where the UNESCO Global Geopark placard will be formally given to the Toba caldera is slated to be held in Jeju, South Korea, by September 2020. According to a statement from the Indonesian Embassy in Paris, Toba Caldera is among the 16 new UNESCO Global Geoparks announced by the organization's executive board. North Sumatra provincial administration is hopeful that the recognition will help boost foreign tourist arrivals to the destination. Keywords: Toba caldera, UNESCO, Indonesia soft power, sustainable tourism development, tourist destination

Physical form sustainability of Huta Siallagan Samosir architecture in supporting Toba Caldera Geopark cultural tourism

Toba Lake is one of Indonesia's most priority destinations included in the UNESCO Global Geopark. This makes it increasingly famous, necessitating its continued maintenance and preservation. Tourism is one of the economic sources of revenue in Indonesia. Since 2019, the government is determined to increase revenue from the tourism sector, with a target of 20 million tourists. The development of priority destinations influences environmental and socio-cultural maintenance and provides economic opportunities to local tourism village communities. The Huta Siallagan area of Samosir Regency is a village known for the beginning of the law enforcement civilization in Samosir. This tourist village has a stone trials site aged about 500 years, as one of the cultural attractions. The Stone Trial has been maintained for hundreds of years, becoming an interest to tourists, and one of the historical sites included in the Toba Caldera Geopark's geo- site. As a result, its sustainability needs to be maintained. The Samosir Regency Government is implementing the sustainability of tourism. This study showed a a survival aspect from an architectural viewpoint, reflected in the form of Huta Siallagan. The study aimed to determine the survival value in Huta Siallagan. A case study was used to explore architecture, tradition and life due to society's cultural aspects.

Keterkaitan antara Aspek Lingkungan pada Pariwisata Berkelanjutan terhadap Distinctiveness (Studi Kasus Kawasan Geopark Kaldera Toba)

Aspek lingkungan merupakan salah satu hal yang sangat penting dalam perkembangan pariwisata berkelanjutan di kawasan Geopark Kaldera Toba. Hal ini dikarenakan yang menjadi nilai jual paling tinggi dari kawasan Geopark Kaldera Toba sendiri adalah lingkungannya. Dimana lingkungan kawasan Geopark Kaldera Toba memiliki berbagai kekhasan dan keunikan. Kekhasan dan keunikan tersebut berpotensi sebagai pariwisata berkelanjutan dan menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan baru bagi masyarakat di kawasan tersebut. Aspek lingkungan pada pariwisata berkelanjutan pada kawasan ini dapat dilihat dari aspek distinctiveness yang ada pada kawasan, khususnya Kecamatan Simanindo dan Kecamatan Pangururan. Aspek lingkungan memiliki empat variabel yaitulandscape, kualitas air, kualitas udara dan kebersihan kawasan. Faktor-faktor lingkungan adalah Landscape, kualitas udara, kualitas airdan kebersihan kawasan. Distinctiveness memiliki empat variabel yaitu landmark, keunikan, karakter tertentu dan perbedaan persepsi. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian desktiptif yang menggunakan metode campuran. Data yang digunakan merupakan hasil observasi, wawancara dan kuesioner pada warga lokal dan wisatawan. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa aspek lingkungan pariwisata berkelanjutan yang berdasarkan pada distinctiveness di kawasan Geopark Kaldera Toba khususnya Kecamatan Simanindo dan Pangururan memiliki pengaruh pada kualitas pengembangan objek wisata dikawasan tersebut. The environmental aspect is one of the most important things in the development of sustainable tourism in the Toba Caldera Geopark region. This is because the highest selling point of the Toba Caldera Geopark area is its environment. Where the environment of the Toba Caldera Geopark region has a variety of uniqueness and uniqueness. This uniqueness and uniqueness has the potential as sustainable tourism and creates new jobs for the people in the region. The environmental aspects of sustainable tourism in this region can be seen from the distinctiveness aspects that exist in the region, specifically Simanindo District and Pangururan District. Environmental aspects have four variables namely landscape, water quality, air quality and regional cleanliness. Environmental factors are Landscape, air quality, water quality and regional cleanliness. Distinctiveness has four variables namely landmarks, uniqueness, certain characters and differences in perception. This research is a type of descriptive research that uses a mixed method. The data used are the results of observations, interviews and questionnaires with local residents and tourists. Based on this study it can be concluded that aspects of the sustainable tourism environment based on distinctiveness in the Toba Caldera Geopark region especially Simanindo and Pangururan Districts have an influence on the quality of the development of attractions in the region.

Perencanaan Tata Guna Lahan Dalam Mendukung Pengembangan Desa Wisata Tongging yang Berkelanjutan

Desa Tongging merupakan bagian dari Kawasan Strategis Nasional (KSN) Danau Toba yang berada di Kabupaten Karo dan juga menjadi bagian dari Kawasan Geopark Kaldera Toba. Sebagai daerah tujuan wisata, Desa Tongging belum memiliki konsep tata guna lahan yang dapat memaksimalkan potensi kawasan sebagai tujuan wisata. Pemanfaatan area sempadan danau sebagai respon masyarakat terhadap kebutuhan wisatawan justru bertentangan dengan prinsip tata guna lahan yang diamanatkan dalam Rencana Tata Ruang KSN Danau Toba. Tata guna lahan yang baik seharusnya dapat meningkatkan nilai dan keberlajutan sebuah kawasan. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan membuat konsep perencanaan tata guna lahan tongging yang berkelanjutan sebagai desa wisata. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metoda kualitatif dengan memafaatkan data hasil observasi lapangan dan studi literatur. Analisa studi menggunakan tiga elemen yaitu pengaturan zonasi, pembagian fungsi, dan peningkatan nilai kawasan. Penelitian menghasilkan perencanaan tata guna lahan tongging sebaga desa wisata yang berkelanjutan. Tongging Village is part of the Lake Toba National Strategic Area (KSN) in Karo District and also part of the Toba Caldera Geopark Area. As a tourist destination, Tongging Village does not yet have a land use concept that can maximize the potential of the region as a tourist destination. Utilization of the lake border area as a public response to the needs of tourists is contrary to the land use principle mandated in the Lake Toba KSN Spatial Plan. Good land use should increase the value and sustainability of an area. Therefore this study aims to make the concept of planning a sustainable land use tongging as a tourist village. The study was conducted using qualitative methods by using data from field observations and literature studies. Analysis of the study uses three elements, namely zoning arrangements, division of functions, and increasing the value of the area. The research resulted in the planning of land use tongging as a sustainable tourist village.