scholarly journals Modern system approach to the diagnosis, therapy and rehabilitation of mental disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Mitikhin ◽  
Tatyana Solokhina ◽  
Galina Tiumenkova
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Psychosocial Treatment ◽  
Psychosocial Therapy ◽  
Fundamental Scale

Introduction The current stage of research on mental disorders is associated with the use of system approaches to the development of the scientific foundations of psychiatric care. Objectives Approach to solving problems that arise in the diagnosis of psychopathological conditions, assessing their severity, as well as evaluating the effectiveness of psychosocial treatment and rehabilitation. Methods Clinical, psychometric, system analysis methods and algorithms of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) [1] were used. Results When assessing a patient's condition and behavior, it is necessary to make decisions (diagnosis, development of treatment and rehabilitation plans) based on heterogeneous information (genetic, neuronal and environmental, involving individual characteristics, as well as family and social context). This information is hierarchically organized and includes quantitative and qualitative data. Exposure at each of these different levels can affect the onset and course of the disease, and therefore should be considered in primary prevention and subsequent psychosocial therapy and rehabilitation of patients. Analysis of the problems of assessing psychopathological states and related psychosocial problems shows that these problems can be presented in the form of appropriate hierarchies, the structure of which must be taken into account when processing the initial information. The main advantages of the AHP include the use of the relationship scale (fundamental scale) for processing heterogeneous data based on expert, clinical information. Conclusions The approach provides correct integration of heterogeneous characteristics when considering diagnostic procedures, psychosocial therapy and rehabilitation.1. Mitikhin V.G., Solokhina T.A. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry, 2019, 2: 49-54. doi:10.17116/jnevro201911902149

scholarly journals Advances in the treatment of opioid use disorders

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Woody
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Psychosocial Treatment ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Opioid Use Disorders ◽  
The Many ◽  
Prescription Opioid Use

The development of medications for treating persons with opioid use disorders has expanded the number of evidence-based treatment options, particularly for persons with the most severe disorders. It has also improved outcomes compared to psychosocial treatment alone and expanded treatment availability by increasing the number of physicians involved in treatment and the settings where patients can be treated. The medications include methadone, buprenorphine, buprenorphine/naloxone, and extended-release injectable naltrexone. Studies have shown that they are most effective when used over an extended, but as-yet-unspecified, period of time and with counseling and other services, particularly for the many with psychosocial problems. Though controversial in some cultures, well-designed studies in Switzerland, the Netherlands, Germany, and Canada have demonstrated the efficacy of supervised heroin injecting for persons who responded poorly to other treatments, and this treatment option has been approved by Switzerland and a few other E.U. countries. The degree to which medication-assisted therapies are available is dependent on many variables, including national and local regulations, preferences of individual providers and their geographical location, treatment costs, and insurance policies. Greater availability of medication-assisted therapies has become a major focus in the U.S. and Canada, where there has been a marked increase in deaths associated with heroin and prescription opioid use. This paper provides a brief summary of these developments.

scholarly journals Minority status and mental distress: a comparison of group density effects

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (14) ◽  
pp. 3051-3059 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Schofield ◽  
J. Das-Munshi ◽  
L. Bécares ◽  
C. Morgan ◽  
V. Bhavsar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Minority Status ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Occupational Social Class

BackgroundIt has been observed that mental disorders, such as psychosis, are more common for people in some ethnic groups in areas where their ethnic group is less common. We set out to test whether this ethnic density effect reflects minority status in general, by looking at three situations where individual characteristics differ from what is usual in a locality.MethodUsing data from the South East London Community Health study (n = 1698) we investigated associations between minority status (defined by: ethnicity, household status and occupational social class) and risk of psychotic experiences, common mental disorders and parasuicide. We used a multilevel logistic model to examine cross-level interactions between minority status at individual and neighbourhood levels.ResultsBeing Black in an area where this was less common (10%) was associated with higher odds of psychotic experiences [odds ratio (OR) 1.34 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–1.67], and attempted suicide (OR 1.84 95% CI 1.19–2.85). Living alone where this was less usual (10% less) was associated with increased odds of psychotic experiences (OR 2.18 95% CI 0.91–5.26), while being in a disadvantaged social class where this was less usual (10% less) was associated with increased odds of attempted suicide (OR 1.33 95% CI 1.03–1.71). We found no evidence for an association with common mental disorders.ConclusionsThe relationship between minority status and mental distress was most apparent when defined in terms of broad ethnic group but was also observed for individual household status and occupational social class.

scholarly journals The methodology of using information technology and visualisations to optimize and improve management in the effectiveness of a student’s work in the laboratory

2021 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 07001
Author(s):  
Anna Makarova ◽  
Elena Pavlicheva
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
United Nation

The United Nation has adopted the Sustainable Development Goals and goal No. 4 ‘Quality Education’ is one of them. Information and communication technology transforms education at different levels. For the successful collection, system analysis and processing of large amounts of heterogeneous data, special tools were developed (including specialized indicators), algorithms (including the processing of statistical information in fields of nonparametric information to detect the presence of correlations between various factors) and databases. An example of the use of such indicators is a system for testing the effectiveness of a student’s work in the laboratory. The initial assessment of the state of the laboratory was carried out using a sociological survey of persons associated with the organization of the educational process in the laboratory and subsequent data visualization. Which allowed us to determine that students and management perceive the state of the laboratory differently.

scholarly journals Exploring Integrative Analysis Using the BioMedical Evidence Graph

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Struck ◽  
Brian Walsh ◽  
Alexander Buchanan ◽  
Jordan A. Lee ◽  
Ryan Spangler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Drug Response ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Integrative Analysis ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Evidence Graph ◽  
Reference Knowledge

PURPOSE The analysis of cancer biology data involves extremely heterogeneous data sets, including information from RNA sequencing, genome-wide copy number, DNA methylation data reporting on epigenetic regulation, somatic mutations from whole-exome or whole-genome analyses, pathology estimates from imaging sections or subtyping, drug response or other treatment outcomes, and various other clinical and phenotypic measurements. Bringing these different resources into a common framework, with a data model that allows for complex relationships as well as dense vectors of features, will unlock integrated data set analysis. METHODS We introduce the BioMedical Evidence Graph (BMEG), a graph database and query engine for discovery and analysis of cancer biology. The BMEG is unique from other biologic data graphs in that sample-level molecular and clinical information is connected to reference knowledge bases. It combines gene expression and mutation data with drug-response experiments, pathway information databases, and literature-derived associations. RESULTS The construction of the BMEG has resulted in a graph containing > 41 million vertices and 57 million edges. The BMEG system provides a graph query–based application programming interface to enable analysis, with client code available for Python, Javascript, and R, and a server online at bmeg.io. Using this system, we have demonstrated several forms of cross–data set analysis to show the utility of the system. CONCLUSION The BMEG is an evolving resource dedicated to enabling integrative analysis. We have demonstrated queries on the system that illustrate mutation significance analysis, drug-response machine learning, patient-level knowledge-base queries, and pathway level analysis. We have compared the resulting graph to other available integrated graph systems and demonstrated the former is unique in the scale of the graph and the type of data it makes available.

Femicide: Psychosocial Characteristics of the Perpetrators in Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (13) ◽  
pp. 4174-4186
Author(s):  
Şengül Tosun Altınöz ◽  
Ali Ercan Altınöz ◽  
Çisem Utku ◽  
Altan Eşsizoğlu ◽  
Selçuk Candansayar
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Childhood Traumas

Female homicides are widely prevalent in Turkey with rising trend. The aim of this study is to identify gender role attitudes, childhood trauma histories, and individual characteristics of men who have been involved in the femicide, and to compare them with men who do not exercise violence against women. Participants completed a Sociodemographic and Clinical Information form, Semistructured Interview form, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Case group was not significantly different than the control group in terms of any measured individual characteristics including childhood traumas, psychopathology, and gender attitudes. Our data indicate that only migration history may be linked to femicide. A unique psychopathology that could be related to being a femicide perpetrator was not identified. Migration and perception of gender roles stand out as factors that separate men who exercise violence from men who do not.

scholarly journals CLINICAL DATA WAREHOUSE: A REVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Hamoud ◽  
Ali Hashim ◽  
Wid Awadh
Keyword(s):  
Data Warehouse ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Clinical Data Warehouse ◽  
Heterogeneous Data Sources

Clinical decisions are crucial because they are related to human lives. Thus, managers and decision makers inthe clinical environment seek new solutions that can support their decisions. A clinical data warehouse (CDW) is animportant solution that is used to achieve clinical stakeholders’ goals by merging heterogeneous data sources in a centralrepository and using this repository to find answers related to the strategic clinical domain, thereby supporting clinicaldecisions. CDW implementation faces numerous obstacles, starting with the data sources and ending with the tools thatview the clinical information. This paper presents a systematic overview of purpose of CDWs as well as the characteristics;requirements; data sources; extract, transform and load (ETL) process; security and privacy concerns; design approach;architecture; and challenges and difficulties related to implementing a successful CDW. PubMed and Google Scholarare used to find papers related to CDW. Among the total of 784 papers, only 42 are included in the literature review. Thesepapers are classified based on five perspectives, namely methodology, data, system, ETL tool and purpose, to findinsights related to aspects of CDW. This review can contribute answers to questions related to CDW and providerecommendations for implementing a successful CDW.

scholarly journals Combining heterogeneous data sources for neuroimaging based diagnosis: re-weighting and selecting what is important

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Donini ◽  
Joao M. Monteiro ◽  
Massimiliano Pontil ◽  
Tim Hahn ◽  
Andreas J. Fallgatter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feature Selection ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Multiple Kernel Learning ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Data Representation ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Heterogeneous Data Sources ◽  
Selection Methodology

Combining neuroimaging and clinical information for diagnosis, as for example behavioral tasks and genetics characteristics, is potentially beneficial but presents challenges in terms of finding the best data representation for the different sources of information. Their simple combination usually does not provide an improvement if compared with using the best source alone. In this paper, we proposed a framework based on a recent multiple kernel learning algorithm called EasyMKL and we investigated the benefits of this approach for diagnosing two different mental health diseases. The well known Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset tackling the Alzheimer Disease (AD) patients versus healthy controls classification task, and a second dataset tackling the task of classifying an heterogeneous group of depressed patients versus healthy controls. We used EasyMKL to combine a huge amount of basic kernels alongside a feature selection methodology, pursuing an optimal and sparse solution to facilitate interpretability. Our results show that the proposed approach, called EasyMKLFS, outperforms baselines (e.g. SVM and SimpleMKL), state-of-the-art random forests (RF) and feature selection (FS) methods.

scholarly journals Prevalence of mental disorders in elderly people: The European MentDis_ICF65+ study

2017 ◽  
Vol 210 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylke Andreas ◽  
Holger Schulz ◽  
Jana Volkert ◽  
Maria Dehoust ◽  
Susanne Sehner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Substance Related Disorders ◽  
Older Men And Women

BackgroundExcept for dementia and depression, little is known about common mental disorders in elderly people.AimsTo estimate current, 12-month and lifetime prevalence rates of mental disorders in different European and associated countries using a standardised diagnostic interview adapted to measure the cognitive needs of elderly people.MethodThe MentDis_ICF65+ study is based on an age-stratified, random sample of 3142 older men and women (65–84 years) living in selected catchment community areas of participating countries.ResultsOne in two individuals had experienced a mental disorder in their lifetime, one in three within the past year and nearly one in four currently had a mental disorder. The most prevalent disorders were anxiety disorders, followed by affective and substance-related disorders.ConclusionsCompared with previous studies we found substantially higher prevalence rates for most mental disorders. These findings underscore the need for improving diagnostic assessments adapted to the cognitive capacity of elderly people. There is a need to raise awareness of psychosocial problems in elderly people and to deliver high-quality mental health services to these individuals.

scholarly journals Prevalence of mental disorders in university students who are users of psychological service

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Olga María Vargas Ramos ◽  
Mariantonia Lemos Hoyos ◽  
Beatriz Eugenia Toro ◽  
Nora Helena Londoño Arredondo
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
University Students ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Primary Group ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Psychological Service

The purpose of this investigation was to estimate the prevalence of mental disorders in university students who attend Welfare Psychological Service, as well as the evaluation of psychosocial factors present in the population studied. The sample was comprised of 67 students, who were interviewed with the MINI structured interview and a checklist of psychosocial and environmental problems. The highest prevalent disorder was major depressive episode, followed by generalized anxiety and social phobia. Most common psychosocial problems were related to primary environment, education and social environment. Association was found between the state of mood disorders and problems related to primary group, which points out the importance of family in the origin and maintenance of these disorders.

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