SCHOOL HYGIENE PROMOTION APPROACHES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON PUPIL’S HYGIENE PRACTICES IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN DAGORETTI, NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine hygiene promotion approaches that were being employed by public primary schools in Dagoretti North and South Sub Counties in Nairobi City County and whether the approaches influenced hygiene behaviors that were practiced by pupils. Methodology: The study applied a descriptive cross-sectional design. Questionnaires were administered to 384 pupils with the aim of collecting data on hygiene knowledge and practices. A questionnaire was also used to collect data on hygiene promotion approaches from 32 school health teachers. Pupils’ demographic data was collected from school head teachers. Five key informant interviews were conducted with Nairobi City County public health and education officers and a staff from a non-governmental organization that was implementing school hygiene activities in Dagoretti South and North Sub Counties. Observation checklists were used to triangulate information on hygiene practices by pupils. Analysis was done using SPSS software. Findings: Results indicate that 95.6% of the pupils practiced hand washing at critical times, 98.7% used the toilet while 85.4% safely disposed solid waste. The study reveals that water, sanitation and hygiene in schools approach is implemented by 31.3% of the school health teachers. There was a significant relationship between school health clubs approach and hand washing at critical times (p=0.04) and proper solid waste disposal (p=0.02). One way analysis of variance established that there is a significant difference among hygiene promotion approaches and pupils hygiene knowledge, F(5, 162) = 6.41, p <.05 ƞ²p = 0.076. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study establishes that different hygiene promotion approaches have the potential to influence hygiene practices and in particular, hand washing at critical times and proper solid waste disposal amongst pupils. The study recommends the use of school health clubs approach for hygiene promotion at public primary schools

Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Kebugaran Jasmani Berbasis Aplikasi Articulate Storyline

Research product development aims to develop physical fitness learning tools based on the articulate storyline application for the KKG PJOK SD in Purwosari District, Pasuruan Regency. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) method or development research. The subjects for the small group trial involved 8 primary school Physical Education and Health teachers, and the large group trial subjects involved 26 Physical Education, Health and Sports teachers in Purwosari District. The results obtained are the percentage of learning experts 90%, elementary game experts 96%, PJOK experts 77%, media experts 96%, Physical fitness experts 78%, then 91% for trial I and 89% for trial II. The conclusion in this development research is that the articulate storyline application development product is feasible to be used as a support in learning physical fitness. Abstrak: Penelitian produk pengembangan yaitu bertujuan untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran kebugaran jasmani berbasis aplikasi articulate storyline untuk KKG PJOK SD di Kecamatan Purwosari, Kabupaten Pasuruan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D) atau penelitian pengembangan. Subjek untuk uji coba kelompok kecil melibatkan 8 guru Pendidikan Jasmani Olahraga dan Kesehatan sekolah dasar, dan subjek uji coba kelompok besar melibatkan 26 guru Pendidikan Jasmani, Kesehatan dan Olahraga di Kecamatan Purwosari. Didapatkan hasil data yaitu dengan persentase ahli pembelajaran 90%, Ahli permainan SD 96%, Ahli PJOK 77%, Ahli Media 96%, Ahli Kebugaran Jasmani 78%, kemudian 91% untuk uji coba I dan 89% untuk uji coba II. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian pengembangan ini yaitu produk pengembangan aplikasi articulate storyline ini layak untuk dipergunakan sebagai penunjang dalam pembelajaran kebugaran jasmani.

Teachers' Physical Activity: A Necessity for Stability of Schools' Culture During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The recent COVID-19 outbreak has caused confusion and uncertainty to many educational organizations worldwide, forcing school leaders to weave through many school priorities. As schools take on online teaching, teachers were compelled to sit on their chairs, interacting with students using the screens for more than four hours every day. This has resulted in a decrease in physical activity, affecting their health and quality of teaching. Unfortunately, the dichotomy is as teachers care for their students' physical and mental health, teachers' physical well-being is not a priority in most schools' culture during this pandemic. This paper aims to address this gap in teacher's lack of Physical Activity, which is necessary to help stabilize the school culture during this pandemic. It will highlight school leaders' critical role in promoting physical well-being as part of the school culture. Moreover, it will discuss the benefits of teachers staying active, and it will also present possible ways to foster a culture geared toward teachers' involvement in physical activities.

Stressed Out Schools: Correlations Between Stress Coping Strategies and Communities Among Youth in Seattle and Surrounding Regions

Researchers have observed differences in stress levels, and coping abilities and mechanisms based on the community being studied. This paper reports on the impact of extracurricular activities and student communities on stress and coping for youth in the Seattle area. Various self-reports, distributed through school health teachers, were used to gain information on students' stress levels, coping mechanisms, and coping ability. Results indicate that general categorizations of communities and activities (music, sports, etc.) did not demonstrate a significant correlation with students' stress or coping levels. Correlations between stress and coping were found, as were correlations between stress and coping and the number of communities/activities that students were involved in. Results provide insight into how students' activity loads impact their stress and coping levels more than the specific activities they are involved in and open the door to further research in the field.

Evaluation of Iron Tablet Supplementation Program of Female Adolescent in East Jakarta

In Indonesia, anemia in adolescents increased from 37.1% in 2013 to 48.9% in 2018, with the proportion of anemia in the age group 15-24 years and 25-34 years. Female adolescents who have anemia will be at risk of anemia during pregnancy, at risk of giving birth to LBW, and stunting. This study was to evaluate an iron tablet supplementation program for female adolescents in Pasar Rebo Health Care. This study was evaluation research that used the qualitative method with purposive sampling in January - February 2020. A qualitative study was conducted by in-depth interviews with nutritionists, health teachers, school administrators, and female adolescents. Data were analyzed by content analysis, included input, process, and output. Quantitative data were also collected which is hemoglobin and iron tablet compliance. At the input stage, there were discrepancies in the facilities and infrastructure. At the process, stage nonconformities occur in distribution, monitoring, recording, and reporting. At the output, stage nonconformities occur in target accuracy, time, and distribution. There were still incompatibilities in its implementation in Pasar Rebo Health Care.

An Integrated School Health Teacher for Whole Student Health in China: Professional Competency Inventory

This study aimed to develop a professional competency inventory for integrated school health teachers in the Chinese schooling system. It generated initial competency items through conducting job task analyses, group interviews, and expert consultations, which proposed 75 items in the following fields: general quality, basic health service, school health education, and school health management. A total of 312 school health administrators/instructors, principals, in-service health teachers, and preservice health teachers were surveyed during 2018-2019. Respondents valued aspects of health teacher’s professional competency differently. Exploratory factor analyses finally extracted 9 domains, and 70 competency standards were retained. The Cronbach’s α level was .983, with value for each domain ranging from .855 to .955. The final competency inventory for school health teachers contained 4 fields, 9 domains with 70 competencies. It provided a reliable framework for specialized training, evaluation, and professional development for school health teachers. The study also interpreted the differences in importance perception of competencies among stakeholders, provided across cultural views for elaborating values and meanings of school health personnel all over the world.