scholarly journals Inmar, the Udmurt God, in Modern Udmurt Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 151-166
Author(s):  
Aleksey Arzamazov ◽  

One of the productive directions of research into Udmurt literature (and more broadly other Finno-Ugric ‘small’ literary traditions) is the identification and interpretation of multidimensional mythological clusters, textual representativeness and semantic ambivalence. In this work I have focused on only one aspect, the functional and semantic field of a particular character in Udmurt mythology and national poetry at the turn of the 21st century. The chosen mythological character is Inmar/God. The study has predominantly focused on ethnic and futuristic poems by Petr Zakharov, Viktor Shibanov, and Larisa Orekhova, characterised by a high concentration of mythological symbols. The presented research demonstrates how complex the image of Inmar is for direct artistic understanding.

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
Sh. Kuttybaev ◽  
◽  
Е. Abdimomynov ◽  

The article analyzes views on innovation in the literary science of the early twentieth century and the work of Alash representatives in an era that is a period filled with profound changes and large-scale innovations in Kazakh society. In addition, works related to freedom, enlightenment, politics, spiritual values, the position of the people as a whole and social changes are considered the idea of independence and continuity. On the way of evolutionary development of the Kazakh literature, artistic power, thematic and ideological character, substantial and stylistic features of poetry of poets in the beginning of the XX century and during the Great Patriotic War, in subsequent years and years of independence are discussed in detail. In addition, on the basis of literary traditions and novelty, the works of prominent poets of Kazakh poetry of the 20th century and Independence are considered and comprehensively characterized, i.e. internal motives, the content of life phenomena in national poetry are analyzed in close connection with the works of poets. The original vision of the traditional and differentiated in the literature of the Soviet period in the works of poets from a new perspective, from the point of view of today. In addition, the works of outstanding poets of Kazakh poetry in the period of the 20th century and independence are considered on the basis of classical tradition and novelty in literature.


Author(s):  
T.V. Filatova

Relevance of the study. The revealing of methodological effectiveness of integration interaction of different methods of analysis and scientific reflections for analytical procedures is relevant in the context of the intersection of interests of studies of harmony and musical semantic. Main objective of the study – to designate semantic aspects of harmony in conditions of unlocked structures on material of romances of the nineteenth century. Methodology. An integrative methodological projection of algorithms of study tonally-harmonic and compositional processes on the procedure of musical semantic analysis is proposed. General outline of the analytical operations deployed in several discourses: • functional-harmonic and compositional analysis of the piece in its entirety, taking into account the poetic framework; examine the nature of the interaction of harmonic and compositional logic; • the isolation of the verbal text of the key signs of poetry - semantic words; determination of their compositional arrangement in musical form; • segmentation of musical intonation tokens, their selection from the text of the work, revealing the breadth of contextual coverage of meanings and semantic potential; correlation with the semantics of «migratory genre and intonation formulas»; • detection of specificity of implement semantic elements within the analyzed text or composing style, revealing of aspects of particular musical semantics; detection meaning of harmonic connection tokens, wich unlock structure, with the word and the melodic intonation; definition of internal, external and immanent, extramusical nature of the phenomenon; establishing its degree of semantic activity. Results. Varieties of unlocked structures are systematized: with system-logical parameters – functionally, subsystemically and modulation unlocked structures; with phonic parameters – dissonance and consonance unlocked structures; with causal parameters – potentially and principally unlocked structures. External or extramusical and internal, immanent-harmonic motivations of their forming are identified. Among the external factors of unlocking are articulated: the impact of the poetic word as the source of empathy; irreversible course of imaginative mutations; retention of states innuendo, incompleteness, undecidability, anxiety, confusion, fear; semantic marks of question, surprise, regret. The gap of functional balance in the phase of clotting of harmonic integrity is seen as a reaction to the motion of meaning. Among the internal factors the unlocking are highlighted: density and irreversibility of modulation streams; phenomena of modal variability; the impact of modal experience of regulation of harmonic processes; the power of cyclic unity; inner aspiration to an open form as allusion of infinity. Functional inversion, and the special status of the tonal system with reduced centripetal potential (Y. Holopov) are listed as an important incentive of the unlocking. The phenomenon of the unlocking as a principle (the mechanism) the organization of text units of harmony is investigated in conjunction with the semantic field of piece, music tokens, artistic word and meaning. Factors of the displacement of semantic connotations fixing of keywords, semantics of "migratory genre and intonation formulas" (L. Shaimukhametova) during the formation of the vertical layers of music are considered. Three positions based on analysis of the works of R. Schumann, F. Liszt, G. Mahler, P. Tchaikovsky, M. Mussorgsky, illustrating the semantic nature of the harmonic disjunction are allocated. Position 1: harmony as meaning generator. It acts at the level of the formation of intonation and harmonic tokens – pitch compacted units of musical sense, elements of particular musical semantics. It forms a zone of high concentration of semantic elements in a vertical cut of music. It is fixed in vocal miniatures: R. Schumann’s «Im wunderschonen Monat Mai», F. Liszt’s «Verlassen», M. Mussorgsky‘s «Orphan». Position 2: harmony as a regulator of meaning. It acts at the level of the changes of emotional amplitudes. It provides strength and depth of emotional impulse. It revealed in F. Liszt’s romances and songs: «J’ai perdu ma force et ma vie», «Sonetto XC», «La?t mich ruhen», «Was Liebe sei?», «Einst». Position 3: harmony as a modulator of meaning. It affects to the level of tonal drama, transformation of semantic field of piece. It transforms the track of pitch content irreversibly. It appears in the case of a harmonic unlocking of the modulating type, wich running contrary to the idea of rounding tone frame. It shifts whole pitch platform of musical piece under the combined influence of intonation, word, number of plot and drama of movement of meanings. It forms in vocal works: F. Liszt’s «Gebet», P. Tchaikovsky’s «We were sitting with you», M. Mussorgsky’s «General», G. Mahler «Erinnerung».


2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lech Grochowski

THE EVOLUTION OF POLISH BORDER PROTECTION LAW IN 20TH AND 21ST CENTURY Summary The borderland, i.e. the area of land close to the border between two countries, is always a piece of land of exceptional importance. Depending on the current situation the authorities consider it as a more or less effective barrier which protects the state against any kind of economic, political or military threat. The crucial issue in the process of delineating the area is determining the depth of the zone. Protection of sovereignty of any state involves high concentration of various public safety and military defence installations in the borderland. As we move towards the interior the installations in question become more and more scarce. Thus, the borderland is divided into sub-zones which division is reflected in different border crossing regulations for each individual sub-zone.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (XXIII) ◽  
pp. 85-100
Author(s):  
Sylwia Skuza

The article aims at analyzing diachronically and synchronously two of the Italian translations of Adam Mickiewicz's epic poem "Pan Tadeusz". The first rendition, dated on the beginning of the 20th century, when the standardized Italian had only began to form, was done by Clotilde Garosci. The second translation was done by Silvano De Fanti in the 21st century. By analyzing the renditions of blue, green and their hues in both translations, the article allows one to follow the words' transformation in the semantic field across the century.


Author(s):  
  Lina Ali Al Jarrah

The aim of this research is to apply the theory of semantic fields to the words of feminine media in modern times, in a spatial and temporal framework, to highlight linguistic, semantic, social and cultural aspects. The researcher chose the collection of feminine words in Jordan in the 21st century. A sample of this study, the names of the graduates of Yarmouk University, was chosen in 2016. It was necessary to frame the study in a selected sample because it is not in the ability of a person to remember the names of all people all of them. Since the research is an application of the semantic field theory - one of the modern linguistic theories - it was necessary before the search of the words of the flags to show a brief overview of that theory, in terms of concept, origin, and historical roots.


Author(s):  
Ирина Николаевна Мартынова

В настоящее время средства массовой информации, включая электронные ресурсы, играют значительную роль в формировании общественного мнения по различным вопросам. Это в равной степени можно отнести и к вопросам политики, например, к предоставлению информации о различных странах. Анализ лексических единиц и их подбора для описания образа того или иного государства может быть выполнен с использованием концептуального подхода и теории лексико-семантического поля. Автор статьи анализирует, каким образом Китай представлен в американских газетах и журналах, изданных во втором десятилетии XXI века. Взаимоотношения между двумя крупнейшими экономиками мира представляют огромный интерес для всех остальных стран. Кроме того, Китай выступает в качестве особого политического и торгового партнера России, и это придает всему, что связано с этой страной, особую значимость. Данное исследование является второй частью работы по данной теме; в нем представлен анализ периферических единиц лексико-семантического поля «Китай XXI века». Это такие микрополя, как «Китай - механизм», «Китай - проблема», «Природа», «Здоровье», «Китай - родственник». В статье освещаются лексемы, составляющие данные микрополя, а также приводится анализ возможных причин их употребления в том или ином контексте. Nowadays mass media including electronic resources play a significant role in creating popular opinion on various issues. It stands true for political questions such as proving information about countries. Analysis of lexical units and their choice to describe an image of a country can be done through the use of the conceptual scientific approach and the theory of lexico-semantic fields. The author of the article analyzes how China was represented in American newspapers and magazines in the second decade of the 21st century. Relations between two largest economies in the world are of a great importance to all other countries. Besides, China is a special political and trade partner of Russia, and it makes everything connected with this country particularly significant. This study is the second part of the research on this topic that focuses on the periphery elements of the lexico-semantic field “21st century China”. The analysis showed that these are the following microfields: “China is a mechanism”, “China is a problem”, “Nature”, “Health” and “China is a relative”. The article highlights the lexemes comprising these microfields and discusses the possible meanings and ideas expressed by them.


Author(s):  
Nemchenko I.V.

Purpose. Many writers from various epochs and countries have been admirers and propagandists of marine literature. The article examines the marine motifs and images of the Ukrainian poet Dmуtro Shupta’s lyrics in the early 21st century. The purpose of the work is to analyze the marine space in his stanzas collection “Autumn facet”.Methods. The elements of the following methods are used in the research: aesthetic (allows analyzing each text as a phenomenon of literature and art), hermeneutic (ensures free and open interpretation of texts with the possibility for new explanations), biographic (helps to describe autobiographic features in the writer’s literary works), intermedial (systematization of various elements of marine, musical and artistic presence in the lyrics of the poet), comparative (provides wide possibilities for the coverage of interdependence between poetry, music and painting micro-images), intertextual (links between writer’s poems and folklore songs and literary tradition), textual analysis (for coverage of the main motifs of stanzas collection). The research is based on the general method of analysis, synthesis, observation, selection and systematization of the material.Results. The effect of a hero’s co-living with the environment depicted by the author, with the marine environment in particular, is characteristic of D. Shupta’s stanzas collection “Autumn facet”. The article finds out that the Ukrainian writer has delicate understanding of music and painting, and can embody it in his own marine texts, combining different artistic elements. He uses auditory, visual and tactile impressions. Marine motifs and images of the literary works of D. Shupta play an important role in the creation of the artistic image of the world by verbal means. Marine space in his interpretation is a symbol of the nature and the world of human passions and life difficulties, their creative sources and ruinous essence. Shupta’s marine works combine real and fairy plans, have characteristics of legends, tales and mysteries. Close relations between the writer’s marine poetry and Ukrainian folklore songs and literary traditions are traced in the article.Conclusions. D. Shupta’s stanzas collection «Autumn facet» is an original artistic work on the crossing of literary, musical and descriptive imagery. The author presents different variants of stanzas, proposes many marine motifs, images, attributes, his own vision of the sea in its power and beauty. The collection confirms that the poet appertains to the best representatives of the national and the world marine literature.Key words: motif, image, metaphor, symbol, poetry, music, painting. Мета. Морська тематика є однією з найулюбленіших у доробку багатьох митців різних часів і країн – шанувальників і пропагандистів літературної мариністики. У статті розглядаються морські мотиви та образи в творчості українського поета Дмитра Шупти початку ХХІ століття. Метою нашої статті є висвітлення особливостей художнього осмислення мариністично-го простору письменником у його збірці стансів «Осіння грань».Методи. У статті використано елементи таких методів: естетичного (забезпечує розгляд творів митця як літературно-мистецького феномену), герменевтичного (пропонується вільна інтерпретація текстів із можливістю подальших витлумачень), біографічного (простежуються риси автобіографізму в поезіях співця), інтермедіального (здійснюється систематизація різноманітних мариністичних, музичних, живописних елементів, наявних у текстах поета), компаративного (висвітлюються взаємозалежності та взаємовпливи між поетичними, музичними, живописними мікрообразами), інтертекстуального (звертається увага на зв’язки між віршами митця та українським фольклором і літературною традицією), текстуального аналізу (застосовується для окреслення провідних мотивів cтансової збірки). Дослідження засноване на загальнонауковій методиці аналізу, синтезу, спостереження, добору та систематизації матеріалу.Результати. Для ліричної збірки Дмитра Шупти «Осіння грань» характерним є ефект органічного вживання героя в зображуване автором середовище й це насамперед мариністичний світ. Цей нерозривний зв’язок український письменник, який тонко розуміє музику і живопис, уміє передавати через переплетіння елементів різних мистецьких стихій. Він майстерно використовує слухові, зорові враження. Морські мотиви та образи виконують важливу функцію у творенні автором художньої картини світу. Мариністичний простір у поета символізує й природну стихію, й амплітуду людських почуттів, і складний вир життя, і творче начало, і руйнівну сутність. У мариністичних замальовках збірки Д. Шупти поєднуються реальний і феєричний плани, дійсність переплітається з легендою, казкою, містичними уявленнями. У статті простежено зв’язки між віршами письменника-мариніста та українським фольклором і літературною традицією. Висновки. Збірка стансів Дмитра Шупти «Осіння грань» є самобутнім мистецьким витвором, що заснований на перехресті літературної, музичної та живописної образності. Варіюючи різні стансові форми, видозмінюючи найрізноманітніші мариністичні мотиви, образи, атрибутику, автор зумів передати своє власне бачення моря у всій його cилі та красі. Збірка потверджує належність митця до найяскравіших представників вітчизняної і світової літературної мариністики. Ключові слова: мотив, образ, метафора, символ, поезія, музика, живопис.


Author(s):  
T.V. Filatova

Relevance of the study. The revealing of methodological effectiveness of integration interaction of different methods of analysis and scientific reflections for analytical procedures is relevant in the context of the intersection of interests of studies of harmony and musical semantic. Main objective of the study – to designate semantic aspects of harmony in conditions of unlocked structures on material of romances of the nineteenth century. Methodology. An integrative methodological projection of algorithms of study tonally-harmonic and compositional processes on the procedure of musical semantic analysis is proposed. General outline of the analytical operations deployed in several discourses: • functional-harmonic and compositional analysis of the piece in its entirety, taking into account the poetic framework; examine the nature of the interaction of harmonic and compositional logic; • the isolation of the verbal text of the key signs of poetry - semantic words; determination of their compositional arrangement in musical form; • segmentation of musical intonation tokens, their selection from the text of the work, revealing the breadth of contextual coverage of meanings and semantic potential; correlation with the semantics of «migratory genre and intonation formulas»; • detection of specificity of implement semantic elements within the analyzed text or composing style, revealing of aspects of particular musical semantics; detection meaning of harmonic connection tokens, wich unlock structure, with the word and the melodic intonation; definition of internal, external and immanent, extramusical nature of the phenomenon; establishing its degree of semantic activity. Results. Varieties of unlocked structures are systematized: with system-logical parameters – functionally, subsystemically and modulation unlocked structures; with phonic parameters – dissonance and consonance unlocked structures; with causal parameters – potentially and principally unlocked structures. External or extramusical and internal, immanent-harmonic motivations of their forming are identified. Among the external factors of unlocking are articulated: the impact of the poetic word as the source of empathy; irreversible course of imaginative mutations; retention of states innuendo, incompleteness, undecidability, anxiety, confusion, fear; semantic marks of question, surprise, regret. The gap of functional balance in the phase of clotting of harmonic integrity is seen as a reaction to the motion of meaning. Among the internal factors the unlocking are highlighted: density and irreversibility of modulation streams; phenomena of modal variability; the impact of modal experience of regulation of harmonic processes; the power of cyclic unity; inner aspiration to an open form as allusion of infinity. Functional inversion, and the special status of the tonal system with reduced centripetal potential (Y. Holopov) are listed as an important incentive of the unlocking. The phenomenon of the unlocking as a principle (the mechanism) the organization of text units of harmony is investigated in conjunction with the semantic field of piece, music tokens, artistic word and meaning. Factors of the displacement of semantic connotations fixing of keywords, semantics of "migratory genre and intonation formulas" (L. Shaimukhametova) during the formation of the vertical layers of music are considered. Three positions based on analysis of the works of R. Schumann, F. Liszt, G. Mahler, P. Tchaikovsky, M. Mussorgsky, illustrating the semantic nature of the harmonic disjunction are allocated. Position 1: harmony as meaning generator. It acts at the level of the formation of intonation and harmonic tokens – pitch compacted units of musical sense, elements of particular musical semantics. It forms a zone of high concentration of semantic elements in a vertical cut of music. It is fixed in vocal miniatures: R. Schumann’s «Im wunderschonen Monat Mai», F. Liszt’s «Verlassen», M. Mussorgsky‘s «Orphan». Position 2: harmony as a regulator of meaning. It acts at the level of the changes of emotional amplitudes. It provides strength and depth of emotional impulse. It revealed in F. Liszt’s romances and songs: «J’ai perdu ma force et ma vie», «Sonetto XC», «La?t mich ruhen», «Was Liebe sei?», «Einst». Position 3: harmony as a modulator of meaning. It affects to the level of tonal drama, transformation of semantic field of piece. It transforms the track of pitch content irreversibly. It appears in the case of a harmonic unlocking of the modulating type, wich running contrary to the idea of rounding tone frame. It shifts whole pitch platform of musical piece under the combined influence of intonation, word, number of plot and drama of movement of meanings. It forms in vocal works: F. Liszt’s «Gebet», P. Tchaikovsky’s «We were sitting with you», M. Mussorgsky’s «General», G. Mahler «Erinnerung».


Author(s):  
Darina Kupina

The purpose of the article is to determine genre parameters of meditation for the organ on the example of the pieces of composers of the early 21st century. It is proposed to concretize the prerequisites of meditation for organ as an independent genre and to compare the strategies of reading the genre by representatives of different national schools of composition (Italy, Ukraine, Brazil). Among the research methods there were used: historiographic (restoring the historical retrospective of genre formation), the method of genre analysis (confirming the genre status of meditation), the method of style determination in combination with the comparative method (comparing the strategies of reading the genre by composers of different nationalities). The novelty of the proposed topic lies in the identification of the genre status of meditation for the organ and the introduction into the musicological discourse of works that have not previously come to the attention of Ukrainian researchers. Conclusions. Meditations “Shiva” by K. Ferrari, “And there was night, and there was morning, and there were quiet heavenly flutes...” by M. Shukh and Prelude-Meditation by F. Costa make it possible to define meditation as an independent genre of organ art with a constant set of stable indicators. Meditation for the organ is a concert piece that belongs to the genres of cult-ritual music and is characterized by an introverted structure of the communicative act. All works with a similar genre name are united by a single semantic field of religious contemplation. The compositional foundations of meditation as a genre consist in the multiple repetition of structures (of different scales) with a clear “looseness” of the form, which guarantees the tightness of the same sound environment and the monochromatic text. Stylistic characteristics became variable components of the meditation: the meditative profile of “Shiva” by C. Ferrari is emphasized by the using of techniques of minimalism, in the piece by M. Shukh the emphasis is transferred to the timbre of the organ with appeal to the intonation of oriental music, and in the Prelude-meditation by F. Costa attempts to build a new sound universe, as extended scale of the overtone series.


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