Odds-wise view: Whose ideas prevail in the global integrity campaigns against match-fixing?

The global expansion of sports betting has resulted in the formation of (inter)national governing regimes aimed at sustaining revenue and regulating attendant issues, including match-fixing. This article explores the workings of these regimes vis-à-vis the management of match-fixing issues in sport. More particularly, this article focuses on betting monitoring programmes as countermeasures against match-fixing and conceptualises these as social instruments that ultimately define issues and influence the wider integrity agenda of anti-match-fixing campaigns. Analysing documentary, observation and interview data from two disparate monitoring programmes, the results show that betting monitoring is a technical extension of corporate risk management, invariably reflecting the business interests of the betting industry. Therefore, the operating logic of betting monitoring defines match-fixing as an act of sabotaging the competitive edge of betting companies. Moreover, this interest-laden paradigm reigns within the broader policy agenda of sport integrity by equating the betting industry's interest with that of sport. From this, the article suggests that betting monitoring plays a part in the legitimation of commercial gambling by reframing the issue of match-fixing as a common enemy that gambling and sport join forces to combat, not a risk that gambling brings to sport.

Evaluation of the in vitro growth of perolera pineapple (Ananas comosus) explants using organogenesis technique

From an economic standpoint, pineapple (Ananas comosus) is one of the most important fruits in Colombia. A decade ago, the Perolera variety was the most cropped cultivar of the Santander department, however, the variety has been displaced considerably due to the lack of technical extension services and theintroduction of new varieties. This research project was carried out with the intention to conserve the speciesthrough the development of in vitro pineapple explants using the organogenesis technique. Meristemsthat have been extracted from the crown of the Perolera pineapple variety were used for this purpose. Four disinfectant treatments were evaluated by looking at the different kinds of disinfectant exposure times.The treatment that gave the best results in terms of contaminant-free explants was the T2: Commercialdetergent + Tween 80 for 8 minutes, ethyl alcohol at 70% for 1 minute and sodium hypochlorite at 1,5% over10 minutes, with a contamination rate of 7% and 93% of the explants thriving. For the establishment phase,it was found that the medium MS MEP1 with 100% solid salts supplemented with 2000 ul/L BAP - 1000 ul/L ANA - 1000 ul/L AIA and 500 ul/L thiamine enabled 90 % of the pineapple explants to continue developing four weeks after planting. Similarly, the medium containing 3000 ul/L of BAP for the multiplication phase permitted an average proliferation of 4.62 shoots with 9.12 leaves per shoot and a length of 2.25 mm.

Women’s Vulnerability to Climate Change: Gender-skewed Implications on Agro-based Livelihoods in Rural Zvishavane, Zimbabwe

Climate change presents a considerable threat to human security, with notable gender disproportions. Women’s vulnerability to climate change has implications on agro-based livelihoods, especially the rural populace. The primary purpose of this study was to assess women’s vulnerability to climate change and the gender-skewed implications on agro-based livelihoods in rural Zvishavane, Zimbabwe. A qualitative approach that used purposive sampling techniques was adopted. Data was collected through 20 in-depth interviews with 11 de jure and 9 de facto small-scale female-headed farmer households. Two focus group discussions with mixed de facto and de jure small-scale female-headed farmer households were also conducted. Five key informant interviews were held with departmental heads of the Ministry of Women’s Affairs, Gender and Community Development; the Agriculture Technical Extension Service Department; the Livestock Production Department; the Runde Rural District Council and the Meteorological Services Department. Gendered effects were noted in terms of increased roles and responsibilities for women. Observations showed that there was an increase in distances travelled by women to fetch water owing to a depleted water table. Climate-induced migration of men due to depleted livelihoods in rural areas has also increased roles and responsibilities for women. The traditional male responsibilities assumed by women included cattle herding and ox-driven ploughing. This study concluded that adaptation strategies towards vulnerability to climate change have to be gender-sensitive and area-specific. This study also recommended that response programmes and policies meant to curb existing gendered vulnerabilities should be informed by evidence because climate-change effects are unique for different geographical areas. Moreover, adaptation activities should be mainstreamed in community processes so as to reduce the burden on women and increase sustainability opportunities.

Politics, marketing and social media in the 2018 local elections in Iceland

The importance of marketing techniques in political campaigning has increased as communicating politics has become more complex in a highly fragmented media environment. With different media logics interacting in a hybrid media system, political marketing methods through social media have drawn considerable attention and even been seen to pose a threat to democratic processes. This paper looks at the extent and nature of the use of marketing techniques in the 2018 municipal elections in Iceland, by using a mixed methods approach. The findings of a candidate survey and interviews with campaign managers suggest that the methods used are by and large a technical extension of previous methods and not qualitatively different from traditional electioneering. Both social media and traditional media are important marketing vehicles, but the importance of social media clearly on the rise. However, in larger communities in the capital region there tends to be a higher degree of professionalism than in other parts of the country and the size of municipality is important, while the type of party or age of candidates is not.

TINGKAT KESUBURAN DAN POTENSI PRODUKSI UDANG VANAME DI TAMBAK UPT PERIKANAN AIR PAYAU DAN LAUT PROBOLINGGO

Keberlanjutan kegiatan pertambakan sangat tergantung pada kondisi kualitas lingkungan perairan dalam mendukung potensi produksi biota budidaya. Namun, dalam pengelolaan juga perlu diketahui potensi lingkungan dalam memproduksi biota. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tingkat kesuburan perairan pada tambak serta mengestimasi produksi udang yang dihasilkan dengan pendekatan Produktivitas Primer. Penelitian dilakukan di tambak UPT Probolinggo, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Keluatan, Universitas Brawijaya. Analisis kesuburan perairan tambak dilakukan menggunakan metode Tropic State Index (TSI), dan pendugaan produksi udang dengan pendekatan metode Beveridge dengan mengkonversi nilai Produktivitas Primer, dimana nilai Produktivitas Primer dapat dihitung dengan mentransformasi nilai Klorofil-a. Rata-rata hasil pengukuran klorofil-a pada tambak 1 sebesar 23,06 mg/m3 dan pada tambak 2 sebesar 20,62 mg/m3. Tingkat kesuburan pada kedua tambak menunjukkan perairan eutrofik sedang. Rata-rata potensi produksi udang pada tambak 1 adalah 13,22 ton C-udang/2700m2/tahun; dan tambak 2 adalah 10,90 ton C-udang/2700m2/tahun. Korelasi antara nilai klorofil-a dan estimasi produksi udang menunjukkan nilai korelasi < 0,199 yang artinya keeratan kedua variabel sangat rendah. Namun korelasi antara klorofil-a dan PP memiliki hubungan yang sangat kuat yaitu > 0,99. The sustainability of aquaculture activities highly depends on the water quality conditions of the aquatic environment. Thus, determining the existing environmental condition of fish culture followed by regular monitoring is necessary to ensure the optimum production of farmed fish. The purpose of this current research was to determine the eutrophication level in shrimp ponds and estimate its shrimp production using the approach of Primary Productivity. The study was conducted in the shrimp ponds managed by the Probolinggo Technical Extension Office, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University. The eutrophication level was determined used the Tropic State Index (TSI) method. Shrimp production was estimated using the Beveridge Method by which the primary productivity values were calculated by transforming the Chlorophyll-a values. The results showed that the average contents of chlorophyll-a in pond 1 and pond 2 were 23.06 mg.m-3 and 20.62 mg.m-3, respectively. The eutrophication levels in both ponds indicate moderate eutrophic water. The estimated shrimp productions in ponds 1 and 2 were 13.22 and 10.90 tons C-shrimp 2700m-2 year-1, respectively. The correlation value between the chlorophyll-a levels and estimated shrimp productions was <0.199 which means that the relationship between the two variables is unsubtantial. On the other hand, the chlorophyll-a and primary productivity had a very strong relationship indicated by the correlation value of > 0.99.

Leadership political action committee donations and party status: A technical and theoretical extension

A recent study by Aldrich, Ballard, Lerner, and Rohde (2017) examines whether a specific type of money—donations from leadership political action committees—is systematically related to party goals outside of policy influence. Their model is theoretically incomplete, as leadership political action committees donate considerable money to candidates who do not help the party win new seats or maintain ideological cohesion. I account for this behavior by introducing a new conditional predictor: incumbency. When modeled as a triple interaction with party status and ideological fit, incumbency helps better explain the donating behavior of leadership political action committees. This interaction is paired with a technical extension, more directly modeling the multiplicity of races in which leadership political action committees do not make a donation in a campaign cycle. I find that extending the study with a more appropriate model allows us to draw better inferences about the behavior of leadership political action committees.

PENGARUH TATA KELOLA PROSES PEMBELAJARAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN PESERTA PELATIHAN TEKNIS PENYULUH INDUSTRI DAN PERDAGANGAN DI BALAI DIKLAT INDUSTRI REGIONAL V SURABAYA

The objective of this study is to investigate the simultaneous and partial effect of Executed Learning Process consist of; Instructor Competency, Curriculum, Library Facility, Learning Media, Laboratory, Training Scheduling, Administration Service, and Program Evaluation on Satisfaction of Training Participants Technical Extension Industrial and Trade on Industrial Training Office Region V Surabaya. The sample of this study consist of 139 Functional Extension Staffs, the training participants in the period of 2003 – 2007. The study uses population research method (Arikunto:1998). Data Estimated is using Multiple Linear Regression Model.The empirical result of study by simultaneous F-test shows that Instructor Competency, Curriculum, Library Facility, Learning Media, Laboratory, Training Scheduling, Administration Service, and Program Evaluation influence on satisfaction of Technical Training Participants on Industrial Training Office Region V Surabaya. The result by partial t-test shows that Instructor Competency, Learning Media not influence satisfaction, but another factors such as; Curriculum, Library Facility, Laboratory, Training Scheduling, Administration Service, and Program Evaluation influence on Satisfaction of Training Participants Technical Extension Industrial and Trade on Industrial Training Office Region V Surabaya .