Individual Determinants of Rest-Break Behavior in Occupational Settings

Aims: Work breaks improve well-being, productivity, and health. The aim of this study was to investigate the individual determinants of rest-break behavior during work using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Methods: The association between attitude, control, and subjective norm and rest-break intention (i.e., taking rest breaks regularly), and rest-break behavior (average number of rest breaks/workhour) was analyzed with stepwise linear regression in a cross-sectional design. The study participants included 109 clerical employees, and 215 nurses. Results: Attitude and control were positively associated with rest-break intention. Intention and control were positively associated with rest-break behavior. The effect of intention was moderated by occupation, with intention being more weakly associated with rest-break behavior in nurses who had less behavioral control. Conclusions: Job control is the major predictor of rest-break behavior, with attitudes playing a minor role, and social norm playing no role. To increase rest-break behavior, a greater extent of job control is necessary.

Regulation of Work Breaks in Hungary with a European Perspective

The basis for the review of the Hungarian and European rules of the rest break during the working day was the fact that there was a lawsuit to establish the illegitimacy of termination, in which I represented the plaintiff. The reason for the summary dismissal on the part of the employer was that the employee was playing cards while on a rest break during the working day. In his action, the plaintiff sought a declaration that his employer had unlawfully terminated his employment. By the judgment of the Court of First Instance, the action was dismissed, and the plaintiff was ordered to bear the court costs. By the judgment of the Court of Law proceeding by the plaintiff’s appeal, the judgement was reversed, and it ordered the defendant to pay the plaintiff severance pay as well as compensation. The defendant presented an application for review, which was not upheld. After completing the matters of fact, the Court of Appeal correctly stated that, at the time of the inspection, the plaintiff availed himself of a rest break during the working day, which was lawful; moreover, it was not disputed by the defendant. The Court of Appeal rightly concluded that the employer may prohibit the employee from playing cards during breaks in the workplace, but this must be communicated unequivocally to him, and this expectation must be consequently carried out. The Court of Appeal also rightly pointed out that in the case of explicit prohibition of some behaviours, employees must also be informed of the legal consequences, which are applicable in case of infringement of the rule. However, in the present case, this was not established, so that the lawsuit ended with the full recovery of a favourable judgment of the employee plaintiff at the Supreme Court of Justice.

Breaking up prolonged sitting with a 6 min walk improves executive function in women and men esports players: a randomised trial

ObjectiveThe effect of prolonged sitting on executive function and performance in competitive esports players are unknown. This study aimed to evaluate executive function following a 6 min bout of walking or rest during prolonged gaming in competitive esports players.Methods12 men and 9 women completed three separate 2-hour gaming session days assigned in randomised order consisting of a 6 min walk break, 6 min rest break and continuous before and after each session. Postintervention participant exit survey data were also collected.ResultsThe walk condition produced a significantly faster mean solution time (7613.6±3060.5 min, p=0.02) and planning time (5369.0±2802.09, p=0.04) compared with the resting condition (9477±3547.4; 6924±3247.7) and continuous play (8200.0±3031.6; 5862.7±2860.7). The rest condition resulted in the slowest mean solution time (9477.0±3547.4) and planning time (6924.0±3247.7), with the continuous play resulting in a faster mean solution time (8200.1±3031.6) and planning time (5862.7±2860.7) than the rest condition. There was no impact on game performance in any of the conditions. However, over 70% of participants felt that the walk break improved esports performance.ConclusionsReducing sit time and breaking up prolonged sitting have acute and chronic health benefits. This study provides evidence that a 6 min walking break in the middle of 2 hours of gameplay allows gamers to have these health benefits while improving processing speed and executive function.Trial registration numberNCT04674436.

302 Sleep, Sleepiness, and Performance Across Three In-Flight Bunk Rest Opportunities

Introduction Airline pilots are required to take a rest break in a bunk during long-haul flights in an effort to reduce sleepiness during critical phases of flight. It is unclear, however, whether each rest break affords equal opportunity for sleep. We aimed to characterize sleep, sleepiness, and performance outcomes across three in-flight rest breaks during long-haul flights. Methods Thirty-seven pilots wore actiwatches and completed sleep diaries for approximately two weeks while flying a variety of long-haul routes (n=126 flights). Self-reported in-flight bunk rest (BR) periods were used to set rest intervals and sleep was estimated within these intervals using actigraphy software (wake threshold set to medium). Pilots provided Karolinska Sleepiness Scale ratings (KSS) and performed a 5-minute psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) before landing. A linear mixed-effects model with participant included as a random effect and allowed to vary by intercept was used to assess differences between BR opportunities. Results The majority (97%, n=122) of BR periods contained sleep (as estimated by actigraphy). The mean (+/- standard deviation) sleep duration for the first, middle, and third BR opportunity was 152.8 (69.7), 149.2 (44.1), 125.2 (44.9) minutes, respectively. There was a significant effect of BR opportunity for sleep duration (F(2,54) = 3.747, p=.03) and KSS (F(2,44) = 7.869, p=.001). Bonferroni adjusted planned pairwise contrasts revealed that pilots using the third BR obtained significantly less sleep than in the first BR (p=.029). KSS ratings prior to landing were higher for the third BR compared to both the first (p=.001) and middle BR (p=.017). There were no significant differences for PVT speed or lapses (all p>05). Conclusion These results suggest that the last rest break is associated with shorter sleep, lower alertness, and no differences in performance relative to the other rest breaks. Further analysis is required to determine whether the higher KSS ratings following the third rest break are associated with sleep inertia, or whether other factors may be involved. Support (if any) NASA Airspace Operations and Safety Program, System-Wide Safety Project

Correlation between Individual Characteristics and Rest Break with Work-related Fatigue on Telecommunication Network Service Workers

Introduction: Work-related fatigue on workers are usually caused by some factors such as individual characteristics (age, work period, nutritional status) and rest break. This research aims to analyze the correlation between individual characteristics and rest break with work-related fatigue on telecommunication network service workers. Method: This research used an observational analytic and a cross-sectional approach. The population and sample in this research were all 32 workers at I-OAN unit in a telecommunication network service company. The independent variables in this study were age, work period, nutritional status, and rest break, while the dependent variable was work-related fatigue. Data were obtained throughquestionnaires about individual characteristics (age, work period, nutritional status) and rest break filled by workers. The data were also obtained through the Industrial Fatique Research Committee (IFRC) questionnaires filled by workers. All of the data in this study were analyzed with the Spearman correlation test (α = 0.05). Results: The majority of I-OAN unit workers are in the age range of 25-29 years (46.9%), have 3-4 years of work period (56.2%), and have normal nutritional status (40.6%). For the rest break variable, there are16 workers (50%) who have <30 minutes rest break and also 16 workers (50%) who have ≥ 30 minutes rest break. Conclusion: There is a correlation between individual characteristics and rest break with work-related fatigue on telecommunication network service workers.Keywords: individual characteristics, rest break, work-related fatigue

DESAIN POLA ISTIRAHAT PEKERJA SESING DENGAN PENDEKATAN FISIOLOGIS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS

Penelitian ini dilakukan di PT X yang memproduksi olahan kayu. Kelelahan dan kejenuhan pekerja terjadi pada bagian sesing. Karyawan bekerja selama 8 jam per shift. Tingkat kelelahan pekerja diperkirakan menjadi salah satu penyebab kelelahan dan kejenuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui tingkat beban kerja fisik dan konsumsi energi yang membutuhkan adanya waktu istirahat pendek tambahan. Waktu istirahat pendek ini untuk meringankan beban kerja dan menggantikan energi yang keluar selama bekerja, sehingga pekerja bisa bekerja secara optimal. Beban kerja fisik berdasarkan cardiovasculairload (%CVL) yang diukur melalui denyut nadi menggunakan smart band. Konsumsi energi dikonversikan kepada kebutuhan waktu istirahat menggunakan persamaan Murrel. Pengukuran dilakukan pada dua perlakuan, bekerja sebelum rekomendasi (kondisi awal) dan bekerja sesuai rekomendasi (kondisi intervensi). Rekomendasi pola istirahat kerja berupa penerapan istirahat pendek dan pemberian asupan energi yang diberikan pada pukul 09.30 selama 15 menit dan pada pukul 14.00 selama 10 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata denyut nadi kerja pada saat kondisi awal 107,35 denyut/ menit; saat kondisi intervensi 104,13 denyut/ menit. Terjadi penurunan sebesar 3%. Rata-rata %CVL pada kondisi awal 29,97%, sedangkan kondisi intervensi 26,99%. Terjadi penurunan sebesar 9.94%. Rata-rata konsumsi energi pada kondisi awal 3.19 kkal/ menit, sedangkan kondisi intervensi 2.87 kkal/ menit. Terjadi penurunan sebesar 10.03%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan rekomendasi dapat meningkatkan produktifitas kerja dan menurunkan beban kerja. Abstract[Design of Rest Break of Sesing Workers Using Physiological Approaches to Improve Productivity]This research was conducted at PT X which produced processed wood. Fatigue and workers' saturation occur in the sesang section. Employees work for 8 hours per shift. Workers' fatigue rates are estimated to be one of the causes of fatigue and saturation. This study aims to determine the level of physical workload and energy consumption that need additional short rest periods. The physical workload level and energy consumption are studied to determine the length of additional short breaks. This short break time is to ease the workload and replace the energy that comes out during work, so workers can work optimally. Physical workload based on cardiovasculaIirlload (% CVL) which is measured by pulse using a smart band. Energy consumption is converted to the need for rest time using the Murrel equation. Measurements are carried out on two treatments, work before recommendations (initial conditions) and work according to the recommendation (intervention conditions). Recommended work break patterns in the form of the application of short breaks and the provision of energy intake given at 09.30 for 15 minutes and at 2:00 p.m. for 10 minutes. The results showed the average pulse of work when kondisi awal 107.35 beats/ minute; When kondisi intervensi 104.13 beat/ minute. Decreased by 3%. The average% CVL on initial conditions is 29.97%, while intervention conditions 26.99%. Decreased by 9.94%. The average energy consumption on kondisi awal 3.19 kcal/ minute, while kondisi intervensi 2.87 kcal/ minute. A decrease of 10.03%. It can be concluded that the application of recommendations can increase work productivity and reduce workload.Keywords: Physical Workload; Heart Rate; Short Rest Time; Energy Intake

Flight Crew Alertness and Sleep Relative to Timing of In-Flight Rest Periods in Long-Haul Flights

BACKGROUND: In-flight breaks are used during augmented long-haul flight operations, allowing pilots a sleep opportunity. The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration duty and rest regulations restrict the pilot flying the landing to using the third rest break. It is unclear how effective these restrictions are on pilots ability to obtain sleep. We hypothesized there would be no difference in self-reported sleep, alertness, and fatigue between pilots taking the second vs. third rest breaks.METHODS: Pilots flying augmented operations in two U.S.-based commercial airlines were eligible for the study. Volunteers completed a survey at top-of-descent (TOD), including self-reported in-flight sleep duration, and Samn-Perelli fatigue and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale ratings. We compared the second to third rest break using noninferiority analysis. The influence of time of day (home-base time; HBT) was evaluated in 4-h blocks using repeated measures ANOVA.RESULTS: From 787 flights 500 pilots provided complete data. The second rest break was noninferior to the third break for self-reported sleep duration (1.5 0.7 h vs. 1.4 0.7 h), fatigue (2.0 1.0 vs. 2.9 1.3), and sleepiness (2.6 1.4 vs. 3.8 1.8) at TOD for landing pilots. Measures of sleep duration, fatigue, and sleepiness were influenced by HBT circadian time of day.DISCUSSION: We conclude that self-reported in-flight sleep, fatigue, and sleepiness from landing pilots taking the second in-flight rest break are equivalent to or better than pilots taking the third break. Our findings support providing pilots with choice in taking the second or third in-flight rest break during augmented operations.Gregory KB, Soriano-Smith RN, Lamp ACM, Hilditch CJ, Rempe MJ, Flynn-Evans EE, Belenky GL. Flight crew alertness and sleep relative to timing of in-flight rest periods in long-haul flights. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(2):8391.