Distribution and abundance of planktonic mollusks along a longitudinal gradient in the Southeastern Pacific off Chile

The objectives of this research were to estimate the abundance of the main groups of planktonic mollusks (meroplanktonic larvae, holoplanktonic gastropods and cephalopod paralarvae), and relate these groups to the physical-chemical water properties along a longitudinal gradient between Caldera, on the coast of mainland Chile, and the Easter Island ecoregion (Rapa Nui Island and Salas y Gómez Island), in the Southeast Pacific Ocean. Plankton samples were collected over the course of the CIMAR 21-Islas Cruise, from October to November 2015, at 33 oceanographic stations via vertical hauls of a WP2 net (180-µm mesh size) from a maximum depth of 300 m to the sea surface. Mollusks were sorted, counted and initially assigned to Class rank, later being identified to lower taxonomic ranks. Planktonic mollusks were obtained at all stations, and were composed of 92.7% of Gastropoda and 7.3% of Bivalvia. The total abundance of mollusks varied between 55 and 4,922 individuals 100 m-3.Euthecosomate gastropods exhibited the highest occurrence within the oceanic area. Meanwhile, no paralarvae were captured. Differences in the composition of planktonic mollusks between the continental and oceanic zones were evident. Bivalve larvae increased their abundance in warmer, salty and vertically mixed waters. These results are the first record of meroplanktonic mollusks in waters near the Chilean oceanic islands, and suggest that planktonic mollusks display spatial variation at the scale of the South Pacific Basin, which could be related to the hydrographic conditions and the water column structure.

The Xylinitai on the Service to Byzantine Emperors: A Seal of Niketas Xylinites, Protospatharios and epi tou koitonos

Introduction. Among the most ancient and noble Byzantine families there were the Xylinitai, who belonged to the first rank of “pure” civil nobility. Nevertheless, only restricted information of this family members survived. Therefore, any new account is of importance not only for the Byzantine prosopography but also for the Byzantine history in general. In this connection, interesting is one sigillographic find which uncovers a new page in the life of one of this family members. According to the seal legend, its owner Niketas Xylinites held the second-class rank of protospatharios and was engaged in the court service at the emperor’s bedchamber, the koiton. There is no doubt that the stylistic features date the molybdoboullon in question to the eleventh century. Analysis and Results. The sources in possession supply information on a few persons bearing this name and belonging to the family in question, who left their footprint in the annals of history in this or that way. All of them were high-ranked courtiers and persons of importance, whose career stages were reflected in different periods of Byzantine history. The comparison of the seal data with other sources allows us to suppose that the owner of the seal was Niketas Xylinites, a member of the milieu of Empress Theodora, related to her ascension to the Byzantine throne following the death of Constantine IX. The sources only inform of his career that he got from the Empress of one of the highest civil offices (logothetes tou dromou) and a high court title of proedros. According to the seal under study, it reflects the earliest stage in Niketas’ career at the court, when he was selected to serve at the emperor’s bedchamber and got the rank of protospatharios. The Seal of Niketas Xylinites probably dates to the late 1030s – very early 1040s, the period before he got the title of patrikios, his works in the Iveron monastery, and Theodora’s ascension to the throne.

Competition or Catastrophe: A Mixed Method Study on the Influence of Class Rank on Course Decisions

This study analyzed the extent to which class rank competition influences individual class selection by juniors at a high school in the Texas Hill Country and determined if its effects vary among students of different rankings. Students of both high and low rankings were interviewed to determine their perceptions towards, and behavior in response to academic competition. Subject responses generally correlated to one of three themes: class rank as an academic motivator, the influence of ranking on mental health, and student suggested improvements. The results suggested that GPA played a significant role in many student’s decisions concerning their courses, specifically in encouraging them to take AP, Dual Credit, and Honors classes- regardless of whether they were high or low ranking.

Class Rank and Long-Run Outcomes

This paper considers an unavoidable feature of the school environment, class rank. What are the long-run effects of a student's ordinal rank in elementary school? Using administrative data on all public-school students in Texas, we show that students with a higher third-grade academic rank, conditional on achievement and classroom fixed effects, have higher subsequent test scores, are more likely to take AP classes, graduate from high school, enroll in and graduate from college, and ultimately have higher earnings 19 years later. We also discuss the necessary assumptions for the identification of rank effects and propose new solutions to identification challenges. The paper concludes by exploring the tradeoff between higher quality schools and higher rank in the presence of these rank-based peer effects.

Decision Support System Design Structural Promotion Civil Apparatus Using AHP and TOPSIS Methods

The quality of the performance of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) is a very important resource to be able to determine the capacity of the Regional Apparatus Organization (OPD). One of the efforts to improve the quality of OPD performance is the promotion of positions. Promotion of an award given for work performance and dedication of a civil servant, as well as being excited to improve work performance and loyalty. Therefore, it is necessary to determine a promotion. The weighting method in this study uses the Analytical Hirarchy Process. This study also compares this method with the Technique for Ordering Preference based on Similarities with Ideal Solutions. The resulting criteria are formal and informal. Consists of formal sub-criteria consisting of formal education, position experience, class rank, technical competence, managerial competence and socio-cultural competence. Then for the informal sub-criteria consisting of discipline, innovation, creativity, ideas for institutional functions, the ability to collaborate and work in teams, loyalty, responsibility, leadership, ability to communicate well and recommendations at the provincial and / or ministerial level. Furthermore, calculations are carried out using the AHP and TOPSIS methods for data for 2018 which means 1 position, in 2019 means 2 positions, and in 2020 means 4 positions. In one position consists of 3 ASN alternatives. After comparing the accuracy level of the AHP and TOPSIS methods with experts, the results of the AHP method are better in making recommendations for structural promotion of echelon IV ASN by producing a perfect score of 100% and a TOPSIS value of 71.4%.

What Matters Most to Residency and Intern Selection Committees in Veterinary Medicine?

A recent survey of members of residency selection committees for the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine and American College of Veterinary Surgeons boards found letters of recommendation to be the most important factor when reviewing a resident’s application followed by class rank as the second most important factor. These statistics indicate an interesting, but possibly troubling trend. This Letter to The Editor discusses the major problems concerning these findings and what residency program committees might consider as an alternative.

Perception of Awareness on Attractive Appearance Through Industrial Work Practices as an Indicator of Employability Skills

e research objective was to analyze the perceptions of students, teachers, and business advisers about the awareness of appearing attractive as an indicator of employability skills in the marketing profession. The study population was students of SMK Negeri in Cilacap Regency, Online Business and Marketing Competence. The sample is determined proportionally by the class rank of 20 students. Data collection was carried out by means of observation, interviews and documentation. Meanwhile, data analysis was carried out using thematic analysis with the aim of identifying patterns of themes. The thematic analysis stage includes: (1) familiarizing oneself with the data; (2) generate the initial code; (3) search for themes; (4) review the theme; (5) define and name themes; and (6) producing reports.The results of the study: (1) perceptions of students, teachers and business advisers about the awareness of performing attractive contributions to employability skills; (2) the continuity of topics and themes that are built on the awareness of appearing attractive contributes to employability skills in the marketing profession, (3) differences in perceptions of the three respondents lead to the role of respondents regarding the relationship between awareness to appear attractive still with the character building of employability skills in the marketing profession. (4) the relationship between the employability skills that appears in the form of perceptions which refers to the characteristics of the characteristics of awareness that appear attractive to the marketing profession.

Construction and classification of \(p\)-ring class fields modulo \(p\)-admissible conductors

Each \(p\)-ring class field \(K_f\) modulo a \(p\)-admissible conductor \(f\) over a quadratic base field \(K\) with \(p\)-ring class rank \(\varrho_f\) mod \(f\) is classified according to Galois cohomology and differential principal factorization type of all members of its associated heterogeneous multiplet \(\mathbf{M}(K_f)=\lbrack(N_{c,i})_{1\le i\le m(c)}\rbrack_{c\mid f}\) of dihedral fields \(N_{c,i}\) with various conductors \(c\mid f\) having \(p\)-multiplicities \(m(c)\) over \(K\) such that \(\sum_{c\mid f}\,m(c)=\frac{p^{\varrho_f}-1}{p-1}\). The advanced viewpoint of classifying the entire collection \(\mathbf{M}(K_f)\), instead of its individual members separately, admits considerably deeper insight into the class field theoretic structure of ring class fields. The actual construction of the multiplet \(\mathbf{M}(K_f)\) is enabled by exploiting the routines for abelian extensions in the computational algebra system Magma.

Class Rank: The Concept Content and Transformation in the State Civil Service Sphere in the XVIII to the XXI Century

he article deals with one of the key concepts of the institute of state civil service — "class rank". Turning to the past, the author analyzes the perception of the content of the concept of "rank" in different historical epochs. It is concluded that the rank played a huge role in the XIX century and was perceived as a title that determines the status of a civil servant of the Russian Empire, a guarantee for obtaining certain material benefits. In the current legislation of the Russian Federation, the content and meaning of the definition of "class rank" differ from the understanding that was characteristic of pre-revolutionary Russia. At the same time, the preservation of this concept indicates continuity in the development of the institution of state civil service.