scholarly journals PENGARUH INTENSITAS CAHAYA TERHADAP KETERTARIKAN GEROMBOLAN IKAN PELAGIS KECIL PADA MINI PURSE SEINE DI PERAIRAN PEMALANG JAWA TENGAH

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Erfind Nurdin ◽  
Mohammad Natsir ◽  
Hufiadi Hufiadi
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Purse Seine ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Fish School ◽  
The Third ◽  
Small Intensity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fishing Practices

Penggunaan intensitas cahaya pada unit penangkapan light fishing cenderung meningkat. Hal ini, didasari atas persepsi bahwa intensitas cahaya yang tinggi akan meningkatkan hasil tangkapan. Fenomena ini dijadikan suatu penelitian yang dilakukan selama 3 minggu pada bulan September 2004 di perairan Pemalang Jawa Tengah. Alat tangkap pukat cincin mini (mini purse seine) di pantai utara Jawa pada operasi penangkapan selain menggunakan rumpon juga mengggunakan cahaya sebagai alat bantu penangkapan. Pengukuran nilai intensitas lampu dilakukan dengan meggunakan LI COR 250 quantum meter (μmol sɹ mɲ) pada jumlah lampu yang berbeda, dan digunakan pula akustik EY 500 untuk memperoleh data sebaran dan gerombolan ikan yang berada dalam pengaruh cahaya lampu. Pada deteksi awal (A) ikan cenderung mengelompok pada lahan intensitas tinggi, deteksi ke 2 (B) pengelompokkan mulai terkonsentrasi dekat kapal, deteksi ke-3 (C) pengelompokkan ikan bertambah banyak, dan deteksi ke-4 (D) kelompok ikan berada pada lahan yang sangat memungkinkan untuk ditangkap. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh laju tangkap (catch rate) 125,7 kg per tawur. Perbedaan jumlah lampu yang sedikit tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang terlalu besar terhadap hasil tangkapan. The influence of light intensity to the light fishing practices commonly tends to increase. Fishermen believe that with the higher intensity of light the bigger catch they have. This phenomenon stimulated us to a research that during was done three weeks on September 2004 in Pemalang West Java. Mini purse seine is conduct at north coast of Java use payaos and light artificial for fish attractive. LI COR 250 quantum metre (μmol sɹ mɲ) was used for light intencity at different lamps amount and EY 500 acoustic to obtain the data of fish school in influence of lamp light. At the first detecting (A) fish school was concentrated in high intensity area, the second detecting (B) the concentration was closer to the ship, the third detecting (C) fish school increased, and the forth detecting (D) fish school was consentrated in catchable area. The results show that the cath rate was 125.7 kg per setting. The difference of lamps amount with a small intensity did not show significant influence to the catch haul.

Separation of Receptor and Lamina Potentials in the Electroretinogram of Normal and Mutant Drosophila

1971 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIN HEISENBERG
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
High Stimulus ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Behavioural Experiments ◽  
Extracellular Resistance ◽  
High Pass

1. In Drosophila the retinula cells and the cells in the lamina ganglionaris contribute to the ERG. This is due to extracellular resistance barriers across these cells ; one of these is situated near the proximal ends of the rhabdomeres separating the retinula cell layer from the rest of the fly, the other is situated either within several layers or homogeneously distributed throughout the lamina. Because of their different origin, two components of the ERG, the receptor potential and the lamina potential can be separated experimentally. 2. At high light intensity the receptor potential is larger than the lamina potential. However, under stimulus conditions where the receptor potential is very small (a) at low light intensity, (b) at high intensity but low flash contrast (ΔI/I), (c) at high frequency of stimulation, the lamina potential exceeds the receptor potential. It is suggested that these properties reflect summation and adaptation of the sensory input within the lamina. The shape of the lamina potential has, under these conditions, the characteristics of a high-pass filter and may improve the fly's response to high stimulus frequencies. 3. The ERGS of the mutants ebony, tan and opm 2 have normal or nearly normal receptor potentials but at the same time demonstrate severe defects in the lamina potentials. In ebony a fast on-effect at high intensity, and in tan a delayed off-effect at high intensity, are still present. The mutant opm 2 shows very little lamina activity at all. The difference of the defects in the three mutants argues against non-specific current leaks in or around the lamina. Therefore it is most likely that the lamina properties of summation, adaptation, and high-pass filtering, are largely lost in the three mutants. This is supported by behavioural experiments.

Ragam Bangunan Perundang-Undangan Hukum Keluarga di Negera-Negara Muslim Modern: Kajian Tipologis

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Miftahul Huda
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
The Third ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Fourth Type ◽  
Modern Family ◽  
The Difference

The reality of the difference in applying Islamic law in the context of marriage law legislation in modern Muslim countries is undeniable. Tunisia and Turkey, for example, have practiced Islamic law of liberal nuance. Unlike the case with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates that still use the application of Islamic law as it is in their fiqh books. In between these two currents many countries are trying to apply the law in their own countries by trying to bridge the urgent new needs and local wisdom. This is widely embraced by modern Muslim countries in general. This paper reviews typologically the heterogeneousness of family law legislation of modern Muslim countries while responding to modernization issues. Typical buildings seen from modern family law reforms can be classified into four types. The first type is progressive, pluralistic and extradoctrinal reform, such as in Turkey and Tunisia. The second type is adaptive, unified and intradoctrinal reform, as in Indonesia, Malaysia, Morocco, Algeria and Pakistan. The third type is adaptive, unified and intradoctrinal reform, represented by Iraq. While the fourth type is progressive, unifiied and extradoctrinal reform, which can be represented by Somalia and Algeria.

How to Define the Czechoslovak Underground

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Barbara Bothová
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The West ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Third ◽  
Key Events

What is an underground? Is it possible to embed this particular way of life into any definition? After all, even underground did not have the need to define itself at the beginning. The presented text represents a brief reflection of the development of underground in Czechoslovakia; attention is paid to the impulses from the West, which had a significant influence on the underground. The text focuses on the key events that influenced the underground. For example, the “Hairies (Vlasatci)” Action, which took place in 1966, and the State Security activity in Rudolfov in 1974. The event in Rudolfov was an imaginary landmark and led to the writing of a manifesto that came into history as the “Report on the Third Czech Musical Revival.”

Ragam Qiraat Al-Qur'an

SUHUF ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-72
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fathoni
Keyword(s):  
The Third ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Way

The object of the study of the knowledge of the variety of the Quranic reading  is the  Qur'an itself. The focus is on the difference of the reading and its articulation. The method is based on the riwayat or narration which is originated from the Prophet (Rasulullah saw) and its use is to be one of the instruments to keep the originality of the Qur’an. The validity of the reading the Qur’an is to be judged based on the valid chain  (sanad ¡a¥ī¥)  in accord with the Rasm U£mānÄ« as well as with the  Arabic grammar. Whereas the qualification of its originality is divided into six stages as follow: the first is mutawātir, the second is masyhÅ«r, the third is āhād, the fourth is syaz, the fifth is maudū‘, and the six is mudraj. Of this six catagories, the readings which can be included in the catagory of mutawātir are Qiraat Sab‘ah (the seven readings) and Qiraat ‘Asyrah  (the ten readings). To study this knowledge of reading the Qur’an (ilmu qiraat), one is advised to know about special terms being used such as  qiraat  (readings), riwayat (narration), tarÄ«q (the way), wajh (aspect), mÄ«m jama‘, sukÅ«n mÄ«m jama‘ and many others.

Causation, Explanation, and the Metaphysics of Aspect

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradford Skow
Keyword(s):  
Background Condition ◽  
Structural Explanation ◽  
Levels Of Explanation ◽  
Lexical Aspect ◽  
The Third ◽  
Main Verb ◽  
The Difference ◽  
In Virtue Of

This book aims to answer the following questions: what is the difference between a cause and a background condition? What is it to manifest a disposition? Can dispositions be extrinsic? What is the most basic kind of causation? And, what might a structural explanation be? Each chapter takes up a subset of these questions; the chapters are written to be readable independently. The answers defended rely on three ideas. Two of those ideas use a distinction from the study of lexical aspect, namely the distinction between stative verbs and non-stative verbs. The first idea is that events go with non-stative verbs, in the sense that “If S, then an event occurred in virtue of the fact that S” is true when the main verb in the clause going in for “S” is non-stative. The second is that acting, doing something, goes with non-stative verbs, in the sense that “In Ving X did something” is true iff V is a non-stative verb. The third idea is about levels of explanation: “(A because B) because C” does not entail “A because C.”

Three Perspectives on Centrality

2020 ◽  
pp. 333-351
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Borgatti ◽  
Martin G. Everett
Keyword(s):  
Centrality Measures ◽  
Graph Invariant ◽  
Propagation Process ◽  
Centrality Measure ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Arrival ◽  
The Difference

This chapter presents three different perspectives on centrality. In part, the motivation is definitional: what counts as a centrality measure and what doesn’t? But the primary purpose is to lay out ways that centrality measures are similar and dissimilar and point to appropriate ways of interpreting different measures. The first perspective the chapter considers is the “walk structure participation” perspective. In this perspective, centrality measures indicate the extent and manner in which a node participates in the walk structure of a graph. A typology is presented that distinguishes measures based on dimensions such as (1) what kinds of walks are considered (e.g., geodesics, paths, trails, or unrestricted walks) and (2) whether the number of walks is counted or the length of walks is assessed, or both. The second perspective the chapter presents is the “induced centrality” perspective, which views a node’s centrality as its contribution to a specific graph invariant—typically some measure of the cohesiveness of the network. Induced centralities are computed by calculating the graph invariant, removing the node in question, and recalculating the graph invariant. The difference is the node’s centrality. The third perspective is the “flow outcomes” perspective. Here the chapter views centralities as estimators of node outcomes in some kind of propagation process. Generic node outcomes include how often a bit of something propagating passes through a node and the time until first arrival of something flowing. The latter perspective leads us to consider the merits of developing custom measures for different research settings versus using off-the-shelf measures that were not necessarily designed for the current purpose.

scholarly journals Increased risk of preeclampsia after use of paracetamol during pregnancy – causal or coincidence?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hetti von Hellens ◽  
Leea Keski-Nisula ◽  
Heidi Sahlman
Keyword(s):  
Third Trimester ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Reverse Causation ◽  
Gestational Period ◽  
The Third ◽  
Precise Data ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Risk Of Preeclampsia

Abstract Background The maternal use of paracetamol during pregnancy has been associated with the development of preeclampsia. This study aims to clarify whether the connection is causal or whether it is due to reverse causation. Methods This study is a continuation of the retrospective case cohort study examining 2,508 pregnant women using a variety of drugs and the development of preeclampsia (1,252 women with preeclampsia and 1,256 controls). For the purposes of this study, more precise data was collected from several hospital databases of the women among this cohort who had reported taking paracetamol during pregnancy (indications, gestational period etc.); this was evaluated in association with the development of preeclampsia. Results 5.5% (100 cases and 37 controls) of all the study population (2,508) had clearly reported paracetamol use. Women with preeclampsia had used significantly more often paracetamol during pregnancy compared to controls (cases 8.0%, controls 2.9%, p < 0.001). The difference was most evident in the third trimester (after the 29th GW) and the use of paracetamol was associated with both mild and severe preeclampsia. Headache and “general pain” were the most common indications for medication among all paracetamol users. Conclusions The use of paracetamol in the third trimester of pregnancy was associated with preeclampsia. This observation indicates that association between paracetamol use and preeclampsia is probably due to reverse causation, i.e. women with preeclampsia experience more headaches due to preeclampsia symptoms since this association was not detected with the use of paracetamol in earlier stages of pregnancy.

Is Thermal and Light-Induced Annealing of Met Astable Defects in a-Si:H Driven by Electrons?

1995 ◽  
Vol 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Gleskova ◽  
S. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Defect Density ◽  
Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Free Electron Density ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Third ◽  
Defect Annealing ◽  
Hydrogenated Amorphous

ABSTRACTWe report results of a search for a unifying rate law for the annealing of metastable defects in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). We tested the hypothesis that defect-annealing by both heating or illumination is driven by the density of free electrons. This hypothesis is formulated via the rate equation - dN/dt = A nα N f (T), where N is the defect density, t the time, A a constant, n the free electron density, and f (T) a function of temperature derived from a distribution of annealing energies. The model fits two sets of data, with light-intensity and electrical conductivity as the independent variables, reasonably well, with a ranging from 0.39 to 0.76, but not the third set, where we varied the temperature.

scholarly journals How to talk with the family of a dying patient: anger to understanding, rage to compassion, loss to acceptance

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2021-002971
Author(s):  
Moshe Y Flugelman
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Family Needs ◽  
The Third ◽  
Single Entity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Patient Families ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dying Patient

Informing families about the impending or actual death of their relatives is one of the most challenging and complex tasks a physician may face. The following article describes goal setting and provides five roles/recommendations for conducting the encounter with patient families regarding the imminent or actual death of their relatives. Importantly, the encounter should be family-centred, and the physician should be highly attentive to family needs. The following roles should be applied based on family needs and should not be sequential as numbered. The first and basic role is to inform the family at the earliest possible time and as often as possible. The second goal of the physician is to convey to the family that their relative received the needed therapy during his hospitalisation or in the community. The third goal of the physician is to help the family reach acceptance of the death of their relative and leave the hospital having moved beyond anger and bargaining. The fourth goal of the physician during the encounters is to reduce or alleviate guilt by stating that nothing could have changed the course of the disease and that all efforts were made to save the patient. The fifth role of the physician is to try and help the family as a single entity and maintain their unity during this stressful situation. Following these roles/methods will help families in the stressful situation and will create the difference between anger and understanding, rage and compassion, and loss and acceptance.

Charops and Roman Policy in Epirus

1945 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Scullard
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Territorial Aggression ◽  
The Third ◽  
Individual Point ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Of Greece

In the settlement of Greece after the Third Macedonian War Roman policy was at times moderate, at times harsh. On occasion the difference might represent only an individual point of view: thus the terms imposed upon Macedonia might seem generous to a Roman who contemplated the grant of ‘freedom’ to the Macedonians, the reduction of taxation and the absence of territorial aggression on Rome's part, while they might equally seem harsh to a Macedonian who felt that his sense of nationhood had been violated by Rome's creation of the four independent Republics. But towards Epirus Roman policy seems to have been marked by two successive stages, the first moderate, the second brutal. It is the purpose of this note to attempt to consider the causes which determined this change and to examine what influence the Epirote Charops exercised upon the measures which turned his country into a playground for Roman brutality and ultimately into an abomination of desolation.

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