THE CATEGORY OF "INTANGIBLE BENEFITS" AND SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO ITS LEGAL SUBSTANCE

The article examines the existing scientific approaches to the category of "intangible benefits", at the same time it compares the content of this concept with the term "personal non-property rights". The relevance of the theme is beyond doubt, since intangible benefits are protected from encroachments specifically by recovery of compensation for moral injury. This institution provides for the possibility of compensation for non-material damage, in practice, the most widely used method is the one that involves action demand with a statement of claim. Consequently, there is an obvious need to study the issues of legal protection and protection of intangible benefits from the point of view of the analysis of judicial and law enforcement practice. The purpose of the study is to analyze the definition of "intangible benefits" formalized in civil legislation and to identify the non-mandatory beginnings of its practical application in civil circulation. The methodological basis was the comparative law, formal legal, logical, dialectical and other methods of scientific research. Attention is drawn to certain elements of intangible benefits – personal inviolability, personal privacy and inviolability of the home, personal data, business reputation, etc. Much attention is paid to disclosing the scientific and legal concept of intangible goods, as a result of which the author comes to the conclusion that it is impossible to unambiguously understand the substance of intangible goods, in connection with which various approaches are proposed to understanding and disclosing the content of the desired category of "intangible goods" in the Russian civil law. Improving the regulatory framework which regulates the protection of non-property rights of legal entities should be considered one of the goals in the development of modern civil legislation.

Organization Benefit as an Outcome of Organizational Security Adoption: The Role of Cyber Security Readiness and Technology Readiness

The increasing number of cyber-attacks has become a serious threat to organizations, organizations that are not prepared to face cyber-attacks on their organizational resources will experience huge losses and reduce organizational performance. It is a big challenge for organizations to combat cyber-attacks by improving cyber security, but there is still little research examining the factors that affect an organization’s cyber security readiness from a holistic point of view. This study integrates a framework based on technology, organization, environment, and technology readiness to examine various factors that affect cyber security readiness in organizations, as well as their impact on organizational performance, where the impact is in the form of tangible and intangible benefits. This study proposes 4 hypotheses to test the framework that has been built. A total of 260 data have been validated from an online questionnaire survey given to organizations and companies. This study applied quantitative approach, while the main method used was SEM-PLS and the software involved was SmartPLS V2. The results of the study indicate that the overall hypotheses proposed have a significant impact, cyber security readiness and technology have a positive impact on organizational security performance, which in turn has an impact on the intangible benefits and tangible benefits. The results of this study can be used by organizations as a guide in improving cyber security to achieve superior performance in organizations and improve understanding of references related to cyber security in organizations. Meanwhile, this research has impact to the society because the good cooperation and good organization will be achieved. it also increases the social cooperation responsibility.

The concept and main characteristics of the corporate reputation of legal entities in Ukraine

The paper examines issues related to the origin of the concept of «business reputation of legal entities» in legal science. This concept, on the one hand, acts as a moral and philosophical category, and on the other, it is an object of civil rights and intangible benefits. This is explained by the most important role in the system of ensuring, implementing and protecting the rights and freedoms of subjects of civil legal relations. It is specified that the level of protection and the degree of protection of intangible benefits appropriate to legal entities reflects the level of development of the category of civil society, the legal and social model of any state. It is difficult to imagine the successful activity of a legal entity without a positive business reputation. The results of economic activity depend on how the given subject of law is perceived by the counterparties (existing and potential). The main approaches to determining business reputation in the system of intangible benefits are analyzed. The legal nature of business reputation and its constituent elements in the context of the category of intangible goods, as an integral element of the civil category, are determined. Indeed, at present, in the conditions of the development of a free market economy and high competition, the protection of the business reputation of a legal entity is one of the main factors affecting the establishment and support of successful and stable business activities. The thesis is substantiated that business reputation has become a valuable asset of a legal entity with property content, which can be valued in monetary terms and used to generate profit (goodwill). The analysis of legal practice regarding the grounds for satisfying a claim for the protection of business reputation and situations of challenging the adopted court decisions is carried out. Despite the legislative gaps, the paper expresses the opinion that the business reputation of a legal entity requires proper legal regulation, which would take into account the needs of these subjects of law, the specifics of their public relations and would be able to regulate issues related to the protection of the right of a legal entity to business reputation.

STUDY OF THE MEGA EVENTS ORGANIZATION INFLUENCE ON REGIONAL RESIDENT'S LOYALTY AS AN ELEMENT OF PLACE MARKETING

Nowadays the organization of mega events is one of the strategic tools for place marketing that brings many tangible and intangible benefits for the places. Despite the growing interest in mega events as a tool for place marketing, there are still many questions regarding the impact of these events on the attractiveness of places. Many researchers around the world agree that the assessment of only economic effects is not sufficient, since it excludes the assessment of intangible benefits from the implementation of such events. The analysis of the impact of various mega events on the destination loyalty can become the basis for increasing the level of residents’ involvement in interaction with the place brands. The authors of this article analyze possible criteria of destination loyalty and state a hypothesis that the organization of the attractive mega events can become a tool for increasing destination loyalty. The authors propose a definition of destination loyalty in place marketing and substantiate the possibility of using Net Promoter Score (NPS) as a tool for assessing destination loyalty in place marketing. The article presents an empirical verification of the authors’ approach in assessing destination loyalty.

On the question of the relationship between the concepts of “intangible goods” and “personal non-property rights”

Intangible goods, acting as a kind of objects of personal non-property rights, are an independent legal entity that belongs to a citizen as a subject of legal relations. Unlike various property rights, the essence of intangible goods, first of all, lies in their special status, being inalienable and non-transferable, they are acquired by citizens from birth or by law, and not in the order of succession or legal capacity. This category of goods individualizes a person, creates all the necessary conditions for a prosperous life in society, inviolability of private life, and ensuring absolute physical and spiritual freedom. Intangible benefits are guarantees of decent and comprehensive development of citizens, satisfaction of their positive needs, as well as compliance with legitimate interests.

Protection of intangible benefits as a priority form of legal protection

The article is devoted to the study of the nature and content of the term “protection of personal non-property rights”. Based on the review of judicial practice, the author concludes that civil protection of intangible assets in the Russian Federation is carried out in the restorative and compensatory directions. The article analyzes such methods of civil protection of intangible benefits as compensation for moral damage and refutation of publicly known information of a defamatory nature. Based on the results of the study, the author concludes that it is necessary to apply innovative methods and techniques of civil law protection of personal non-property rights.