Urban Development and the (Re)use of the Communist-Built Industrial and Agricultural Sites after 1990. The Showcase of Bucharest–Ilfov Development Region

Urban development and changing the patterns of industry and agriculture had caused the foremost spatial and functional transformations of the post-communist period in Romania. These changes have resulted in increased land consumption, often including the reuse of abandoned or non-residential built-up areas (e.g., industrial, agricultural). By integrating spatial and statistical data, the current analysis has revealed as key features: spatial shrinkage, fragmentation, functional diversification, tertiarization and change of patterns. Using a functional change matrix, five main (re)use types have been identified and quantified: maintenance, conversion, replacement, abandonment, and demolition. Overall, between 1990 and 2018, over 50% functional losses have been recorded.

Geospatial Analysis of Wetland Land Use/Land Cover Dynamics On Lake Abaya-Chamo, Southern Rift-Valley of Ethiopia.

Background: Wetlands worldwide and in Ethiopia have long been subject to severe degradation due to anthropogenic factors. This study was aimed at analyzing the impact of land use/cover dynamics on Lake Abaya-Chamo wetland in 1990 – 2019. Data were acquired via Landsat TM of 1990, ETM+ of 2000, and OLI of 2010 and 2019 images plus using interview. Supervised classifications (via ERDAS14 and ArcGIS10.5) were applied to detect land use/cover classes. Change matrix model and Kappa coefficients were used for analysis of the land use/cover dynamics in the lake-wetland.Result: It was found that forest; water, shrub land, agricultural land, settlement and swamp area were the main land use/cover classes. Wetland/swamp area has continuously declined throughout 1990 – 2000, 2000 – 2010 and 2010 – 2019 where its magnitude of shrinkage in the respective periods was 11.4 % (700 ha), 16 % (867 ha) and 31.3 % (1,424 ha). While ‘settlement’ and ‘water body’ of the lake-wetland increased at progressively increasing magnitudes of changes in three periods within 1990 – 2019, ‘shrub land’ and ‘swamp’ declined at progressively increasing magnitudes of loss in the same periods Siltation, rapid population growth-led expansion of settlement and irrigation-based farming were the main drivers of the land use/cover dynamics and degradation of the lake-wetland. Conclusion: Thus, consistent mapping and integrated actions should be taken to curb the threats on the sustainability of the lake-wetland in Southern Ethiopia. To curb the impact of LULC dynamics on wetlands, the government should: formulate clear policy, institutional and legal framework on the management of wetlands.

Optimal Sampling Intensity in South Korea for a Land-Use Change Matrix Using Point Sampling

To report changes in land use, the forestry sector, and land-use change matrix (LUCM), monitoring is necessary in South Korea to adequately respond to the Post-2020 climate regime. To calculate the greenhouse gas statistics observing the principle of transparency required by the Climate Change Convention, a consistent nationwide land-use classification and LUCM are required. However, in South Korea, land-use information is available from the 5th National Forest Inventory conducted in 2006 onwards; therefore, developing methods to determine historical LUCM information, including the base year required by the Intergovernmnetal Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), is essential. To determine the optimal sampling intensity for measuring systematic land-use changes and to estimate the corresponding area of land-use categories for previously unmeasured years, seven intensities—2 × 2 km to 8 × 8 km—were tested using the areas of the 3rd and 4th aerial photographs in time series for forestland, cropland, grassland, wetland, and settlements, according to their standard deviations and estimates of uncertainty. Analyses of statistical accuracy, statistical efficiency, economic efficiency, and convenience showed that a sampling intensity of 4 × 4 km was ideal. Additionally, the categorized areas of unmeasured land-use years were calculated through linear interpolation and extrapolation. Our LUCM can be utilized for developing a national greenhouse gas inventory.

Geospatial Analysis of Land Use/Land Cover Dynamics on Lake Abaya-Chamo Wetland in Southern Rift-Valley of Ethiopia

Wetlands worldwide and in Ethiopia have long been subject to severe degradation due to anthropogenic factors. This study was aimed at analyzing the impact of land use/cover dynamics on Lake Abaya-Chamo wetland in 1990–2019. Data were acquired via Landsat TM of 1990, ETM + of 2000, and OLI of 2010 and 2019 images plus using interview. Unsupervised and supervised classifications (via ERDAS14 and ArcGIS10.5) were applied to detect land use/cover classes. Normalized difference vegetation index, normalized difference water index, change matrix model and Kappa coefficients were used for analysis of the land use/cover dynamics in the lake-wetland. It was found that forest; water, shrub land, agricultural land, settlement and swamp area were the main land use/cover classes. While ‘settlement’ and ‘water body’ of the lake-wetland increased at progressively increasing magnitudes of changes in three periods within 1990–2019, ‘shrub land’ and ‘swamp’ declined at progressively increasing magnitudes of loss in the same periods. The NDWI result revealed that ‘swamp’ area shrank by 48.9% (2,991 ha) due to siltation-led expansion of the lake-water in three decades. Siltation, rapid population growth-led expansion of settlement and irrigation-based farming were the main drivers of the land use/cover dynamics and degradation of the lake-wetland. Thus, consistent mapping and integrated actions should be taken to curb the threats on the sustainability of the lake-wetland in Southern Ethiopia.

The Effect of Hydrogenation on Structure and Superconducting Properties of FeTe0.65Se0.35 Single Crystals

Single crystals of FeTe0.65Se0.35, with the onset of critical temperature (Tc) at 14 K, were hydrogenated for 10–90 hours at various temperatures, ranging from 20 to 250 oC. It is shown that tetragonal matrix becomes unstable and crystal symmetry is reduced for the crystals hydrogenated already at 200 oC despite that molecular impurities do not change matrix symmetry, unless the material is not destroyed under hydrogenation at 250 oC. Bulk Tc, takenat the middle of the transition, equal to about 12–13 K for the as-grown FeTe0.65Se0.35, increases by 1–2 K. The critical current density determined in magnetic field range of 0–70 kOe increases 4–30 times as a result of hydrogenation at 200 oC for 10 h. Electron paramagnetic resonance studies confirmed higher value of the bulk Tc for hydrogenated crystals. Thermal diffusion of hydrogen leads to substantial structural changes, causes degeneration of crystal quality, and significantly affects superconducting properties. A strong correlation was observed between the structural changes and changes in the parameters of the superconducting state for the hydrogenated crystals.

Organizational Change Management

Change management is a continuous method used in transitioning individual employee, groups, and organizations to an anticipated future change. It focuses on the change management processes that addresses individual employee, groups and organizational factors that acts as catalyst for possible changes in organization. The purpose of change management is ultimately to make use of initiatives and ensure that every employee in an organization is willing and ready to switchover to an anticipated new role in the proposed business environment. This current study evaluated the relationship between leadership perception, attitudes and application towards organizational change. Using a structured questionnaire, principal officers, their deputies and faculty perceptions were analyzed and the results revealed that though change matrix are often painful and chaotic, however, significant relationship was found between employee perception, attitude, application and organizational change. The study recommends that Nigerian universities should be proactive in the implementation of changes to improve their employees' perception, attitude and application towards organizational change.

The Strategic Change Matrix and Business Sustainability across COVID-19

This study’s case narrative presents the Australian digital marketing firm (DUK). DUK successfully transitioned across the 2020 Australian business economic downturn created during the COVID-19 global pandemic. DUK’s competencies, capabilities and competitiveness form its 3Cs Market Intelligence Framework. When these 3Cs are expanded, and then networked with Porter’s Five Forces model, along with the firm’s decisive pivot with knowledge inclusions, the DUK strategic change matrix can be used to portray a firm’s matrix-box of its current multi-dimensional business components. The strategic change matrix approach offers a firm a visual map that can be matrix-boxed and quickly interpreted. When faced with adversity, a firm can remap its matrix-box into an expanded form that includes its proposed enhanced competitiveness business solutions. These solutions can then be operationalised to form potentially sustainable business pathways into the future. This approach is particularly useful when a firm is confronted with a perceived economic, or game-changing business crisis, or when a firm makes the strategic decision to pivot, and to seek a new sustainable business-enhancing pathway, or when a firm just wants to visualise its ongoing business pathways into the future.

Encryption of graphic information by means of transformation matrixes for protection against decofing by neural algorithms

The article deals with the algorithm of encrypting graphic information (images) using transformation matrixes. It presents the actions that can be done with the image. The article also gives algorithms for forming matrixes that are created with the use of random processes. Examples of matrixes and encryption results are shown. Calculations of the analysis of combinations and conclusions to them are carried out. The article shows the possibilities and advantages of this image encryption algorithm. The proposed algorithm will allow to transmit encrypted information through open communication channels. The algorithm uses all possible actions that can be done with the image, namely: image resizing, adding redundant elements to the image, changing the location of the pixels, changing the brightness of the image pixels, inverting the image pixels, changing the colours of the images pixels. A randomized approach to matrix formation will make it impossible to use neural systems. The algorithm of the implementation of writing encryption code is rather simple. It is not possible to decrypt the image without a key as the number of possible combinations is extremely large. This algorithm can be used in the military, intelligence, information security. Encryption does not require significant computing or RAM resources. This algorithm can be implemented in WEB-technology and in mobile applications, it has no recursive functions and loop in loop. The algorithm hides the image size, which in turn adds extra protection. Redundant elements will not allow neural networks to compare pixels. Changing colors, changing brightness, inversion by random processes will not allow neural networks to find the decryption function. The article considers an image encryption algorithm that will give a possibility to generate a key. The key will be a set of two-dimensional arrays formed in a randomized manner. A randomized approach to matrix formation will make it impossible to use neural systems. The algorithm uses all possible actions that can be done with the image, namely: (1) Image resizing. (2) Adding redundant elements to the image. (3) Changing the location of the pixels. (4) Changing the brightness of the image pixels. (5) Inverting the image pixels. (6) Changing the colours of the images pixels. The pixel positioning matrix gives us (Nx • Ny)! combinations. The pixel brightness change matrix gives us 8 * (Nx • Ny)! combinations. The pixel inversion matrix gives us 8 * (Nx • Ny)! combinations. The pixel colour change matrix gives us 6 * (Nx • Ny)! Combinations. The total number of combinations N is equal to: It is not possible to decrypt the image without a key as the number of possible combinations is extremely large. The algorithm of the implementation of writing encryption code is rather simple. This algorithm can be used in the military, intelligence, information security. The advantage of this algorithm is the fact that the encrypted image can be transmitted through open chann

Spatial Model Of The Deforestation Potential 2020 & 2024 And The Prevention Approach, Kutai Barat District

Kutai Barat have high forest cover and high deforestation rates. The study purpose to make spatial model, potential distribution of deforestation 2020 and 2024, analysis of the drivers of deforestation, compile and map the approach to reducing deforestation. Deforestation modeling done using MaxEnt and Zonation software. Deforestation sample data used from land cover maps 2009, 2013 and 2016. Deforestation rates used to estimate potential deforestation 2020 and 2024. The drivers of deforestation analyze from land cover change matrix. Prevention strategy approach by overlaying potential deforestation modeling results with RTRW maps. The model has good performance with AUC value 0.873. The validation show very good accuracy for the prediction of area to be deforested by 94%, the accuracy of the spatial distribution of the model 31%. Environmental variables have the highest contribution to the model is the distance from previous deforestation 37.4%. The potential of deforestation 2020 is 85,908 ha and 171,778 ha 2024. Oil palm, agriculture, rubber, HTI and mining are the driver of deforestation. Social forestry is expected to prevent potential deforestation 120,861 ha. Others expected programs to contribute to the deforestation reduction are community land intensification 30,316 ha and implementation of the HCV in plantation 20,120 ha.