Focusing the electromagnetic field to 10−6λ for ultra-high enhancement of field-matter interaction

Focusing electromagnetic field to enhance the interaction with matter has been promoting researches and applications of nano electronics and photonics. Usually, the evanescent-wave coupling is adopted in various nano structures and materials to confine the electromagnetic field into a subwavelength space. Here, based on the direct coupling with confined electron oscillations in a nanowire, we demonstrate a tight localization of microwave field down to 10−6λ. A hybrid nanowire-bowtie antenna is further designed to focus the free-space microwave to this deep-subwavelength space. Detected by the nitrogen vacancy center in diamond, the field intensity and microwave-spin interaction strength are enhanced by 2.0 × 108 and 1.4 × 104 times, respectively. Such a high concentration of microwave field will further promote integrated quantum information processing, sensing and microwave photonics in a nanoscale system.

Engineering Modular Half-Antibody Conjugated Nanoparticles for Targeting CD44v6-Expressing Cancer Cells

Gastric cancer (GC) remains a major cause of death worldwide mainly because of the late detection in advanced stage. Recently, we proposed CD44v6 as a relevant marker for early detection of GC, opening new avenues for GC-targeted theranostics. Here, we designed a modular nanoscale system that selectively targets CD44v6-expressing GC cells by the site-oriented conjugation of a new-engineered CD44v6 half-antibody fragment to maleimide-modified polystyrene nanoparticles (PNPs) via an efficient bioorthogonal thiol-Michael addition click chemistry. PNPs with optimal particle size (200 nm) for crossing a developed biomimetic CD44v6-associated GC stromal model were further modified with a heterobifunctional maleimide crosslinker and click conjugated to the novel CD44v6 half-antibody fragment, obtained by chemical reduction of full antibody, without affecting its bioactivity. Collectively, our results confirmed the specific targeting ability of CD44v6-PNPs to CD44v6-expressing cells (1.65-fold higher than controls), highlighting the potential of CD44v6 half-antibody conjugated nanoparticles as promising and clinically relevant tools for the early diagnosis and therapy of GC. Additionally, the rational design of our nanoscale system may be explored for the development of several other nanotechnology-based disease-targeted approaches.

Bimetallic Fe-Ag arrays with extraordinary nonlinear refraction and nonlinear Faraday rotation at telecommunication wavelength (1550 nm)

There is a pressing need to discover magneto-optical materials and devices with better performance and lower cost that operate at telecommunication wavelengths. Here we report the discovery of giant negative nonlinear refraction and nonlinear Faraday rotation at 1550 nm using an array of bimetallic Fe-Ag nanopyramids. This system exhibited a very large third order nonlinear refractive index (n2 = -2.32 cm2/GW) and nonlinear figure of merit (F = 2.3). The same system also exhibited an extraordinarily large magneto-optical susceptibility (χi4 = 6.5 × 10-12 esu) and photoinduced nonlinear Faraday rotation up to 2.5 radian/μm at a magnetic field of 0.5 T. The nonlinear response was dependent on the degree of overlap of the Fe nanopyramid on the Ag nanopyramid which influences the strength of plasmon induced dipoles on the Ag nanopyramid. This nanoscale system opens up a rich new set of possibilities in utilizing magneto-plasmonic materials to miniaturize future multifunctional devices at telecommunication wavelengths.

Elman neural network–based identification of rate-dependent hysteresis in piezoelectric actuators

Rate-dependent hysteresis nonlinearity in piezoelectric actuators severely limits micro- and nanoscale system performance. It is necessary to establish a dynamic model to describe the full behavior of rate-dependent hysteresis. In this article, the Elman neural network–based hysteresis model is developed for piezoelectric actuators. An improved dynamic hysteretic operator is proposed to transform the multi-valued mapping of hysteresis into one-to-one mapping on a newly constructed expanded input space. Then, Elman neural network incorporated with the improved dynamic hysteretic operator is utilized to approximate the behavior of rate-dependent hysteresis. The combination of Elman neural network and the improved dynamic hysteretic operator can dually embody the dynamic property and is capable of fully extracting the characteristics of rate-dependent hysteresis. The experimental results are presented to illustrate the potential of the proposed modeling technique.

Chlorin e6 and polydopamine modified gold nanoflowers for combined photothermal and photodynamic therapy

A nanoscale system (PDA-Ce6-GSH-AuNFs) for synergistic photothermal and photodynamic therapy was successfully prepared, which exhibited high tumour inhibition efficacy.

Design of Low Power 4bit 6T-Sram Cell for Data Storage using Finfet 32NM Technology

The presentation of the proposed FinFET based 6T SRAM cell has been assessed for its activity in low control space, indicating less SCEs, ultra little access time and high steadiness. The static clamor edge, spillage current, control dissemination and sub-limit current of FinFET based 6T SRAM cell at 32nm has been contrasted and MOSFET based 6T SRAM cell at 32nm innovation hub. It has been seen during the reproduction that the deferral among compose and read and power dissipation of FinFET based 6T SRAM cell is radically decreased when contrasted and regular MOSFET based 6T SRAM cell. The static power dissemination with differing width of Load, Driver and Access transistor of FinFET based model has additionally been weighed against MOSFET based model. At last, control dissemination and static clamor edge at 32nm for both MOSFET and FinFET based 6T SRAM cell have been contrasted all together with comprehend the subjectively conduct of the cell at various innovation hubs of the proposed FinFET model. It tends to be valued that the gadgets without anyone else's input don't add to the current joining period. Yet, until, a circuit investigation utilizing the proposed gadgets is attempted, the full advantages of joining can't be caught. Rationale and memory circuit plan in Nano scale system requires power over spillage flows with gadget level parameter varieties. After the wonderful decrease in Leakage current and power dissemination, a similar methodology is then executed to cutting edge SRAM cells. We have thought about different progressed proposed FinFET based SRAM cells with the customary progressed MOSFET based SRAM cells. The huge spillage decrease has been seen when we have changed from traditional MOSFET models to FinFET models. Finally, process parametric varieties at circuit level, gadget level and material level on FinFET based 6T SRAM cell is talked about and the instrument to control these varieties is introduced in the proposal. Procedure parametric varieties like word line, bit line, control supply tweaks is appeared and examined. Temperature impact is likewise appeared and talked about in the postulation. Every one of the recreations have been performed on Cadence Virtuoso at 45 nm innovation. Our investigation demonstrates that, utilization of FinFET gadget with characteristic body decreases spillage current and improves the driving capacity. Consequently, we presume that FinFET can develop as one of the promising possibility for decreasing spillage segments making it effective for low power and superior SRAM cell structure in nanoscale system. In this paper SRAM investigation as far as Static Noise Margin, Data Retention Voltage,