Effects of Different Cooking Methods on Physicochemical and Bioactive Compounds of Selected Green Vegetables in North Eastern Region, Bangladesh

This study evaluated the effects of three cooking methods, including boiling (100 oC, 5 min), steaming (7.5 min), and microwave (900 W, 1 min) on physicochemical characteristics and bioactive compounds of three widely consumed winter vegetables in Bangladesh, such as green bean (Lablab purpureus), cabbage (Brassicaoleracea var. capitata), and mustard leaf (Brassica juncea). The ascorbic acid (AA) content was decreased significantly after all cooking treatments. In general, the AA retained by different vegetables was highest after microwave cooking and lowest after boiling. Cooked vegetables contained more β-carotene than fresh vegetables, and maximum retention was observed after steaming. However, total flavonoid contents were decreased slightly for all treatments. With the exception of cabbage, both steaming and microwave cooking enhanced significantly (P<0.05) the polyphenol content (TPC) in all vegetables. The highest TPC was found in the green bean during boiling (72.5 mg GAE/100 g), and the lowest was found in cabbage with steaming (35.58 mg GAE/100 g). There is a significant increase in antioxidant activity after boiling and steaming, except microwave cooking of cabbage and mustard leaf. However, the lightness (L*) of all vegetables decreased for each cooking method, but the greenness intensity increased after microwave cooking. Overall, cooking can alter the food's physical and nutritional content but depend on vegetables and the method of cooking.

Socio Economic Status of Farming Community of Char Area of Dhubri District, Assam

The present study delves into the Socio-economic Status of Farmers of Char area of Dhubri district of Assam. The study was confined to the selected Char areas of the district, namely Faujdar Char, Simlabari and Bamunpara Part IV village. The quantitative study collected information using personal interview of each farmer through a semi-structured questionnaire. A multistage purposive cum random sampling design was followed for the purpose. A total sample of 150 farmers were randomly selected from the three indicated villages during 2021. This study revealed that farmers were of poor economic condition with low literacy and knowledge about agricultural methods. The farmers grow only rice, jute, summer and winter vegetables and without any awareness about their improved management practices. It is imperative that the introduction of modern agricultural technologies can uplift the present socioeconomic status of the farming community in the Char areas.

Pesticide Residue Analysis from Winter Vegetables Collected from Six Markets of Rajshahi Bangladesh

Pesticide residues in vegetables have become a major concern associated with food safety issues. Five types of winter vegetables like bean, brinjal, tomato, cauliflower and cabbage were collected from six markets of Rajshahi District during January, , 2019 in Bangladesh. Residues of commonly used pesticides (Acephate, Dimethoate, Diazinon, Fenotrothion, Malathion, Chlorpyrifos and Quinalphos) in winter vegetable samples were determined using Gas Chromatography-Flame Thermionic Detector (GC-FTD) procedures. A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method with acetate buffering (AOAC Official Method 2007.01) was used for sample preparation. Out of 30 samples, pesticide residues were found only in one brinjal and two tomato samples. The result showed that tomato samples collected from Shaheb bazar and Kharkhari bazar of Rajshahi City contained 0.047 mg/kg and 0.139 mg/kg dimethoate residue, respectively. Brinjal sample collected from Shalbagan bazar, Rajshahi, contained 0.052 mg/kg dimethoate residues. The detected pesticide residue dimethoate of these three samples was higher than maximum residue level (0.01 mg/kg). Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 12(1&2): 43-50, 2019

Constraints in the Production and Marketing of Cabbage in Khandwa District of Madhya Pradesh

Cabbage is one of the most popular winter vegetables grown in India. It is cultivated in 0.245 million hectares with the total production of 5.617 million metric tonnes and average productivity of 22.9 metric tonnes/hectare. Cabbage is used as salad, boiled vegetable and dehydrated vegetable as well as in cooked curries and pickles. A multi-stage random sampling technique was adopted for data collection. The study was conducted in block Pandhana district of Khandwa (M.P.) where cabbage is an important cash crop. observed constraints in production of cabbage, High cost of quality seed (86.66%), Lack of labour (78.33%), Costly and irregular supply of electricity (75%), Costly irrigation due to higher electricity charges (73.33%), Lack of knowledge about insect, pest and diseases (63.33%), Lack of capital (60%), Costly equipments (51.67%), Lack of knowledge about seed treatment (41.66%) and High wages of labour charge (30%) were the major constraints reported and the proper correction, amendment or allocation requires to be observed as indicated in resource use productivity analysis, per hectare higher returns of cabbage as well as higher return ratio over per rupee invested cost shows better prospect for area expansion and production of cabbage cultivation.

Wild Radish: Biology and Control

Wild radish is one of the most common and problematic pasture weeds in the Florida Panhandle. It is found throughout the state and can be a serious pest in other crops including peanut, corn, and winter vegetables. This publication provides information concerning the biology and growth of wild radish, the problems associated with its presence in wheat and other small grains as well as cover crops, and methods for control and management. Previous version: Ferrell, J., and G. MacDonald. 2005. “Wild Radish--Biology and Control”. EDIS 2005 (11). https://journals.flvc.org/edis/article/view/115117.

Suitabilityof Different Winter Vegetables with Sweet Gourd

The experiment was conducted at Joydebpur and Rajbari Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute during two successive rabi seasons (2014-16) to find out the suitable vegetable for intercropping with sweet gourd for higher productivity and economic return. Six intercrop combinations of sweet gourd and vegetables viz., T1 = Sole sweet gourd, T2 = Sweet gourd (2 m x 2 m) + cabbage (50 cm x 50 cm), T3 = Sweet gourd (2m x 2m) + cauliflower (50 cm x 50 cm), T4 = Sweet gourd (2 m x 2 m) + radish (20 cm x 25 cm), T5 = Sweet gourd (2 m x 2 m) + lettuce (50 cm x 50 cm), T6 = Sweet gourd (2 m x 2 m) + tomato (50 cm x 50 cm) were tested at Joydebpur and Rajbari. The highest mean sweet gourd yield (31.37 t ha-1 at Joydebpur and 34.54 t ha-1 at Rajbari) was recorded in sole sweet gourd over the years. The highest mean vegetable yield (42.87 t ha-1 at Joydebpur and 61.40 t ha-1 at Rajbari) was recorded in sweet gourd + cabbage combination. Maximum mean sweet gourd equivalent (SEY) yield (72.55 t ha-1), highest gross return (Tk. 362775 ha-1 and BCR (2.98) were recorded in sweet gourd + cabbage combination over the years at Joydebpur. The maximum mean SEY (79.38 t ha-1), highest gross return (Tk. 396905 ha-1) and BCR (3.25) were recorded in sweet gourd + cauliflower combination at Rajbari. Two year results revealed that sweet gourd + cabbage and cauliflower might be suitable intercrop combination for getting maximum yield and economic return Bangladesh Agron. J. 2018, 21(2): 7-11

Production, yield and area growth of major winter vegetables of Bangladesh

Winter vegetable production has increased tremendously in Bangladesh. Excessive supply of vegetables reduces the market price that leads to economic loss at farm level. This study assesses the growth and trend of winter vegetables production, yield and area in Bangladesh. Semi-log regression model was used to assess the growth and trend of winter vegetables while Winston Prais transformation was utilized to solve the autocorrelation problem. Yearly time series data of collected from secondary sources was used for this analysis. Data were collected from 1986–87 to 2015–16 years. Data of some major winter vegetables like tomato, rabi brinjal, rabi pumpkin, water gourd, cauliflower, cabbage, radish, bean, green spinach were collected for this study. Results found that growth of tomato, cauliflower and cabbage production was about 5% which was much higher than other winter vegetables. Growth of cultivated area is about 3% per annum for most of the vegetables. Production of winter vegetables increases because of yield and area growth. Government can attempt to increase export of tomato, cauliflower and cabbage. Moreover, yield growth of green spinach and radish is necessary to increase both production and export. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(3): 492–502, December 2018