"Lingua receptiva": ekolingwistyczne ujęcie słowiańskich kontaktów międzyjęzykowych w przestrzeni pogranicza (przypadek polsko-czeski)

Lingua receptiva: An Ecolinguistic Approach to Slavic Inter-Language Contacts in a Borderland Area (a Polish-Czech Case)Ecolinguistics has dealt with inter-language contacts ever since its beginnings as an independent linguistic discipline in the 1970s. However, it has not gained much interest among Slavic studies scholars in Poland. The aim of this article is to present the ecolinguistic concept of research on Slavic inter-language contacts on the example of Polish and Czech using the notion lingua receptiva. The proposed concept of integrated research on language ecology in the Polish-Czech borderland covers three dimensions of the language ecosystem: natural, social and cognitive. Research on the natural ecology of the language revolves around its interrelationships with the surrounding natural environment and can relate to topography, fauna and flora, etc. This research considers the potential of the natural and the anthropogenic environment in relation to the language (and vice versa). In the sociological observation of the language ecology, attention is paid to social and cultural conditions shaping the relationships between communicating individuals and the nature of the communities that are constituted or maintained as a result of these contacts. Cognitive language ecology, in turn, includes the cognitive skills and competences of users, especially those that enable flexible adaptation in a particular environment. A different methodology has been developed for each dimension: from sociolinguistic quantitative approaches based on surveys, to pragmalinguistic experiments designed to observe the shape of sender-recipient relations in inter-language receptive communication. These methodologies are presented together with the preliminary results of research which make it possible to state that lingua receptiva is the nucleus of inclusive multilingualism, breaking the paradigm of monolingualism and blurring the borders between languages in the pursuit of mutual understanding. Lingua receptiva: ekolingwistyczne ujęcie słowiańskich kontaktów międzyjęzykowych w przestrzeni pogranicza (przypadek polsko-czeski)Ekolingwistyka jako samodzielna dyscyplina językoznawcza, która ukonstytuowała się w latach 70. XX wieku, od początku zajmowała się kontaktami międzyjęzykowymi. Jednakże wśród slawistów w Polsce nie zyskała większego zainteresowania. Celem tekstu jest przedstawienie ekolingwistycznej koncepcji badań słowiańskich kontaktów międzyjęzykowych na przykładzie polsko-czeskim z wykorzystaniem pojęcia lingua receptiva. Proponowana koncepcja zintegrowanych badań nad ekologią języka na polsko-czeskim pograniczu obejmuje trzy wymiary ekosystemu języka: naturalny, społeczny i poznawczy. Badania nad naturalną ekologią języka oscylują wokół jego wzajemnych związków z otaczającym środowiskiem naturalnym i mogą odnosić się do topografii, fauny i flory itd. Pod uwagę bierze się w nich potencjał środowiska naturalnego i otoczenia antropogenicznego w relacji do języka (i odwrotnie). W obserwacji socjologicznej ekologii języka zwraca się uwagę na uwarunkowania społeczne i kulturowe kształtujące relacje między komunikującymi się jednostkami oraz charakter wspólnot, które są konstytuowane lub podtrzymywane w wyniku tych kontaktów. Kognitywna ekologia języka obejmuje z kolei zdolności poznawcze i kompetencje użytkowników, zwłaszcza te, które pozwalają elastycznie adaptować się w określonym środowisku. Dla każdego wymiaru została wypracowana inna metodologia: od socjolingwistycznych ujęć ilościowych opartych na badaniach ankietowych do eksperymentów pragmalingwistycznych służących obserwacji ukształtowania nadawczo-odbiorczego w międzyjęzykowej komunikacji receptywnej. Zostanie ona przedstawiona wraz ze wstępnymi wynikami badań, które pozwalają stwierdzić, że lingua receptiva stanowi jądro multilingwizmu inkluzywnego przełamującego paradygmat jednojęzyczności i zacierającego granice języków w dążeniu do wzajemnego zrozumienia.

Opinion: revisiting the means to select and transmit of the AAC model

PurposeThis paper, a theoretical article, aims to revisit the augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) communication model and its transmission processes and interface as proposed by Lloyd, Quist and Windsor in 1990. More specifically, the focus of this paper is on the classifications of the SELECT (i.e. the means to select symbols) and TRANS (i.e. the means to transmit messages) components of the AAC transmission processes and interface.Design/methodology/approachThe field of AAC is evolving at a rapid rate. As the field continues to evolve in terms of its clinical, social, research and theoretical underpinnings, it is incumbent upon academics and practitioners in AAC to be cognizant of terminological and theoretical changes that may be needed to keep pace with the evolution of the field.FindingsThe authors welcome feedback from academics and clinicians with the hope that a more thorough discussion will lead stakeholders to more accurate and descriptive terminology related to the means to select and transmit components of the AAC model transmission processes.Originality/valueThe goal of this article was to suggest that the aided versus unaided classification continue to be used to classify the means to select but a new taxonomy be adopted for the means to transmit, thereby eliminating the use of the terms high and low technology. Terminology developed to describe TRANS should be unambiguous, include both expressive and receptive communication and be clinically relevant. In the opinion of the authors, the proposed taxonomy meets all three of these criteria.

Reflective Gem to Improve Receptive Communication Skills for Students with Hearing Impairment

The inability to receive excitatory voice experienced by the student with hearing impairments presents diverse impacts. The impacts include difficulties in understanding the information that others convey, lengthy understanding sentences, and holding verbal communication. This research aimed to develop a reflective maternal method integrated with the Android system to improve vocabulary mastery to support students with hearing impairments to perform receptive communication. There were twelve students with hearing impairments within the 15-23 age range as the samples. This research belongs to research and development adapted from the multimedia development model for learning. Product feasibility test was performed through the alpha and beta tests. The average expert validation score was 4.25, and the average score of the material expert was 4.50. Both expert validation results were in an excellent category. Also, the results of the media experts' validation were 3.58 in the good category. Meanwhile, the average score of beta test was 3.58 in the good category. It can be concluded that Android apps can be operated via smartphones or computer devices to improve the receptive communicative ability of students with hearing impairments. This application is called Reflective Game. This research recommends an Android application program that can be used by Guidance and Counseling teacher accompanied by special school teachers to improve students' vocabulary understanding for the student with hearing impairment. Besides, it provides skills to understand proverbs, opposites (anonymous), and synonyms.

Judging meaning: A domain-level difference between autistic and non-autistic adults

We tested whether autistic adults would show selective difficulties across several tests of inferencing and social understanding in the context of average-range core language ability. One-hundred and ninety-one participants completed an online battery, and data were analysed using confirmatory factor analysis. Results showed that vocabulary knowledge was separate from other measures, which collectively formed a ‘receptive communication' factor. Autistic people underperformed on the ‘receptive communication' factor but showed more advanced vocabulary knowledge than non-autistic participants. Lower performance among autistic adults on the test battery predicted face-to-face communication difficulties measured by self-report and researcher ratings, with moderate effect sizes. Follow-up analysis indicated three further findings. We hypothesized that differences would arise from an isolated ‘theory of mind' difficulty in autistic people, but instead the data suggested more general information-processing differences when making judgements about communicative stimuli. Second, substantial group differences on a test of implied meaning were only partly explained at the factor level, suggesting that multiple cognitive influences underpinned these differences. Finally, autistic women tended to perform better than autistic men. Our results support the idea of a subtle domain-level difference in pragmatics in autistic people, while questioning the basis of this difference and highlighting substantial variability in skills across groups.

Penerapan Metode Talkshow untuk Mengembangkan Keterampilan Komunikasi Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Biologi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan metode talkshow dalam menumbuhkan keterampilan komunikasi siswa SMP Shafiyyatul Amaliyyah Medan TP 2019/2020. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas model Kemmis & Mc.Taggarte yang dilakukan sebanyak dua siklus pada bulan Agustus 2019 s.d Maret 2020. Masing – masing siklus terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu: 1) perencanaan, 2) aksi, 3) observasi dan 4) refleksi. Keterampilan komunikasi yang dimunculkan adalah: komunikasi oral (oral communication), komunikasi reseptif (receptive communication), intensitas memperhatikan (discerns intent), menggunakan strategi komunikasi (uses communication strategies), berkomunikasi dengan jelas (communicates clearly for a purpose) dan keterampilan presentasi (presentation skill). Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar obsrvasi dan catatan lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode talkshow efektif dalam memunculkan enam keterampilan komunikasi. Ini dibuktikan dengan ketercapaian indikator aksi dalam penelitian tindakan kelas, yaitu sebanyak ≥50% dari total siswa mampu memunculkan keterampilan komunikasi pada tingkat teladan (exemplary).

Dwujęzyczność polsko-ukraińska w Strzelczyskach na Ukrainie (na przykładzie młodzieży i najstarszego pokolenia)

The article concerns selected aspects of bilingualism among Poles in Strzelczyska. Strzelczyska (ukr. Стрілецьке) is a village located near Mościska in Ukraine; almost all of the village’s current residents are Poles (499 Poles and 5 Ukrainians). The basis of the article consists of semi-structured interviews with 20 respondents representing two generations: the youth (14–16 years old) and the oldest generation (66–86 years old), recorded in 2017. A comparison of these two generations showcases the changes that have occurred in this community since the end of World War 2, when the village became USSR territory. The research leads to the conclusion that Polish is the first language of the inhabitants, they learn Ukrainian at school age (their bilingualism is successive). The level of knowledge of Ukrainian changes at different stages of their lives: young people are in the phase of ascendant bilingualism, seniors are in the phase of recessive bilingualism (they lose their skills due to a lack of contact with the language). Some of the older residents understand Ukrainian, but speaking Ukrainian is an issue (their bilingualism is receptive). The inter-language interactions of the inhabitants of Strzelczyska are accompanied by Polish-Ukrainian receptive communication, as well as the phenomena described as code-switching or translanguaging.

Pengaruh bimbingan kelompok teknik permainan simulasi terhadap peningkatan komunikasi reseptif siswa tunarungu

<p>There are several problems faced by 14 deaf students as the subject of this research. They get diffiulties in understanding long sentences, connotative meaning, and they lack on vocabulary. Their inability in hearing makes them rely on their vision to gather information. Considering the reason of their difficulties, visual and attractive learning media are needed for deaf students. Group guidance on simulation game technique is a counseling guidance service that directs students to reflect daily activities in the form of games using physical media such as blue cards, OK cards and chance cards. In the group guidance of the simulation game technique, students learn to understand new vocabulary of the role played and can acquire vocabulary. The more vocabulary mastered will support students' ability to have receptive communication. To prove the hypothesis that the group guidance of simulation game technique influences the improvement of receptive communication of deaf students in SLB.B Wiyata Dharma 1, the Mann Whitney U Test analysis is used. Based on Mann-Whitney U-test Asymp Sig was obtained (2-tailed) 0.013 with an error level of 0.05 then 0.013 &lt;0.05 means that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. It implies that the group guidance of the simulation game technique has an impact on increasing the receptive ability of deaf students. Therefore, group guidance on simulation game techniques can be used as an alternative learning media to improve receptive communication for deaf students.</p>

Students With the Most Significant Cognitive Disabilities Who Are Also English Learners

There is a dearth of research describing the small population of students who have significant cognitive disabilities and are also English learners (ELs). This study expands what is known about this population by describing EL students who participated in Dynamic Learning Maps Alternate Assessments in 16 states during the 2016-2017 year. Data sources include (a) teacher responses to a survey of student characteristics, including items about academic skills, expressive and receptive communication, and classroom setting; (b) accessibility supports used during assessment; (c) students’ alternate assessment results; and (d) student EL services. Results are described for students identified as ELs, likely-ELs, and non-ELs. Analyses identified small but statistically significant group differences in academic and expressive-communication complexity levels, mean receptive-communication scores, instructional setting, and overall performance differences for likely-ELs compared with their peers, indicating a need for further research on instructional and assessment approaches teachers take for addressing these students’ needs.