Category Trees - Classifiers that Branch on Category

This paper presents a batch classifier that splits a dataset into tree branches depending on the category type. It has been improved from the earlier version and fixed a mistake in the earlier paper. Two important changes have been made. The first is to represent each category with a separate classifier. Each classifier then classifies its own subset of data rows, using batch input values to create the centroid and also represent the category itself. If the classifier contains data from more than one category however, it needs to create new classifiers for the incorrect data. The second change therefore is to allow the classifier to branch to new layers when there is a split in the data, and create new classifiers there for the data rows that are incorrectly classified. Each layer can therefore branch like a tree - not for distinguishing features, but for distinguishing categories. The paper then suggests a further innovation, which is to represent some data columns with fixed value ranges, or bands. When considering features, it is shown that some of the data can be classified directly through fixed value ranges, while the rest must be classified using a classifier technique and the idea allows the paper to discuss a biological analogy with neurons and neuron links. Tests show that the method can successfully classify a diverse set of benchmark datasets to better than the state-of-the-art.

PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF ELDERLY PEOPLE IN PANDEMIC PERIOD (features of online webinars support)

The article analyzes the features of technical organization and support of online webinars created for psychological support of the elderly and their families, their testing in social networks and use on the Internet by the target audience. The peculiarities of using the ZOOM platform, AnswerGarden and Padlet services to conduct a series of webinars created within the objectives of the project «Psychological support for the elderly in pandemic period», recommended for implementation in 2020-2021 with grant support by the National Research Foundation of Ukraine. Using online services for a series of webinars allowed participants to save time, as they do not need to spend it on the way to the venue of the webinars; most of the participants were in different cities and regions of Ukraine; Convenience was also important, as webinars participants could be in a convenient place. The results of webinars participant’s registration are covered, in particular: age category, type of employment, territorial affiliation. Here is an example of statistics on webinars views on the YouTube channel «Vik Obranyh». It is determined that the advantages of using webinars are: providing information accessible, understandable to anyone, language, taking into account the age characteristics of the elderly, reaching a large audience. The practical value of webinars lies in influencing the emotional, cog-nitive, and behavioral components of the individual's psyche to provide psychological support to older people who are in difficult life circumstances due to forced self-isolation. The social effect of webinars is that the use of the information obtained will help to improve the psychological well-being of older people in conditions of forced self-isolation. Difficulties identified during the webinar cycle were identified. The ways of high-quality provision of webinars organization, attraction of the audience with the help of advertising posts and e-mail mailings are revealed

Four-Tier Multiple Choice Test Characterized by Local Wisdom Values for Analyzing Critical Thinking Skills

<p>This study aims to develop a four-tier multiple choice test instrument characterized by the values of local wisdom to describe the characteristics of the instrument, determine the validity and reliability of the instrument, determine the characteristics of items, and analyze the critical thinking skills of class X students on Momentum and Impulse material. This research is Research and Development (R&amp;D) and uses the Borg and Gall development model. The research methods used included interviews, tests, questionnaires, and documentation. The four levels of the four-tier multiple choice test instrument consist of: multiple choice questions, answer confidence level, reason choice, and reason confidence level. Validity testing by the three validators obtained the result that the instrument developed was valid. Reliability testing shows that the developed question instrument is reliable with the acquisition of a value of 0.946. The test questions consist of 14 questions in the medium category and 7 questions in the difficult category. The difference in power index is 0.22 to 0.53 which consists of 11 good enough questions, 6 good questions, and 4 very good questions. Overall results of critical thinking skills of students 11.93% in the very critical category, 5.93% in the critical category, 12.2% in the less critical category type 1A (LC1A), 10.87% in the less critical category type 1B ( LC1B), 8.56% in the less critical category type 2A (LC2A), 9% in the less critical category type 2B (LC2B), and 41.36% in the non-critical category.</p>

Spatial Distribution of Marine Debris on Northern Coastal Waters of Minahasa

Marine debris is one of the biggest pollution problems in the world. There are various potentials of marine and beach tourism to attract tourists, but in turn, cause a waste disposal accumulation and coupled with the built-in garbage that comes from the sea. The research was conducted at Tasik Ria Beach, Tombariri, and Marine Field Station of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University in Likupang. The aims of this study were (1) to identify the types of marine debris, and (2) to determine and compare the spatial distribution pattern of marine debris in the two designed locations. The sampling technique adapted from the shoreline survey methodology designed by NOAA was used in the study. Data were then statistically processed and analyzed using data mining software (MS Excel and Orange). This study found that the category of plastic and rubber waste is the most common category with the total amount on Tasik Ria Beach 54.39% and 97.55% in the Marine Field Station of Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences in Likupang respectively. The correlation coefficient between the composition of the amount and mass of marine debris is 0.89 which indicates a close relationship between the amount and mass composition. There are many factors that cause the distribution of various types of marine debris, one of which is the activities of the people around the coastal area.Keywords: Marine debris; Category; Type; CompositionAbstrakSampah laut merupakan salah satu masalah polusi yang besar di dunia. Beragam potensi wisata bahari dan pantai menjadi daya tarik wisatawan namun aktivitas wisata dapat mengakibatkan adanya buangan sampah oleh masyarakat dan wisatawan, ditambah lagi dengan sampah bawaan yang berasal dari laut. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pantai Tasik Ria, Tombariri dan Laboratorium Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Sam Ratulangi untuk mengidentifikasi jenis sampah laut di perairan pantai Minahasa bagian utara dan mengetahui persebaran dan perbandingan distribusi sampah laut dua lokasi penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil pengambilan sampel dengan mengadaptasi metode Shoreline Survey Methodology berdasarkan NOAA yang kemudian diolah dan dianalisis secara statistik dengan menggunakan beberapa perangkat lunak (MS Excel dan Orange) diperoleh kategori sampah plastik dan karet sebagai kategori yang paling banyak ditemukan dengan komposisi jumlahnya di Pantai Tasik Ria sebesar 54,39% dan 97,55% di Laboratorium Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan. Nilai koefisien korelasi antara komposisi jumlah dan massa sampah laut sebesar 0.89 yang menyatakan hubungan yang erat antara komposisi jumlah dan massa. Banyaknya faktor yang menyebabkan terdistribusinya beragam jenis sampah laut, salah satunya adalah aktivitas masyarakat di sekitar wilayah pesisir.Kata kunci: Sampah Laut; Kategori; Jenis; Komposisi

Evaluasi Topik Tersembunyi Berdasarkan Aspect Extraction menggunakan Pengembangan Latent Dirichlet Allocation

Recently, Sentiment Analysis is used for expression detection of products or services. Sentiment Analysis is one category type with a level of aspect focused on extracting product aspects. One of the common methods used for aspect extraction is Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) using random topic identification, but this method has not been able to find an acceptable topic with some aspects having been found. Undeterminable topics are referred to as the hidden topics. This study purpose is to evaluate and compare the suitability of identifying hidden topics between human and computer evaluation. The study is also focused on aspect extraction using a variety of LDA innovations. The data used in this study used case studies on e-Commerce. Data were processed using feature selection and grouped using LDA development. Then the data results are processed using Latent Topic Identification based on subjective and objective evaluations. The identification of hidden topic results was evaluated using several semantic and lexicon tests. The evaluation results indicate the comparison of two hidden topic identification assessment values is quite relevant with the average difference in value reaching 6%. As a result, computer calculations assist humans in determining topics if each topic has a low coherence value.

Exemplars can Reciprocate Principal Components

This paper presents a clustering algorithm that is an extension of the Category Trees algorithm. Category Trees is a clustering method that creates tree structures that branch on category type and not feature. The development in this paper is to consider a secondary order of clustering that is not the category to which the data row belongs, but the tree, representing a single classifier, that it is eventually clustered with. Each tree branches to store subsets of other categories, but the rows in those subsets may also be related. This paper is therefore concerned with looking at that second level of clustering between the category subsets, to try to determine if there is any consistency over it. It is argued that Principal Components may be a related and reciprocal type of structure, and there is an even bigger question about the relation between exemplars and principal components, in general. The theory is demonstrated using the Portugal Forest Fires dataset as a case study. The Category Trees are then combined with other Self-Organising algorithms from the author and it is suggested that they all belong to the same family type, which is an Entropy-style of classifier. Some analysis of classifier types is also presented.

Stakeholders’ Participatory Framework in Rice Agribusiness

Objective – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ways rice producers work with other stakeholders to maximize business potential of rice agribusiness by identifying problems, suggesting solutions, and developing a stakeholders’ participatory framework as a guideline tool for the implementation. Methodology/Technique – We conducted a mixed method of qualitative and quantitative research, which was structured in accordance with participatory processes. First, we identified rice agribusiness underlying problem from the supply side through interview to the rice producer and retail observation; and from the demand side by assessing consumer preference through focus group discussion followed by survey to 396 respondents using conjoint analysis. Then, we held stakeholders dialogue involving 56 farmers and 17 cooperative employees. Findings – This research identified key stakeholders and the way they participate in 3 areas of rice agribusiness, i.e., rice production, skill and knowledge, and marketing strategy to position the authentic characteristics of Pandan Wangi rice from West Java, Indonesia with Geographical Indication certification as signal of quality for its target market. Novelty – This paper contributes a different approach of stakeholders’ participatory framework by focusing on the specific area of participation in rice category. Type of Paper: Empirical. JEL Classification: M31, Q13 Keywords: Consumer Preference; Geographical Indication; Participatory Framework; Rice Producer; Stakeholders Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Purwanegara, M.S; Garnida, N; Kusumawati, N. (2021). Stakeholders’ Participatory Framework in Rice Agribusiness, Journal of Business and Economics Review, 5(4) 59–68. https://doi.org/10.35609/jber.2021.5.4(6)

Gestation Rate in Beef Cows with Different Calving Orders Submitted to FTAI Protocol: Effects of Body Condition, Number of Progesterone Intravaginal Device Uses and Bull

The search for better reproductive rates in beef cattle breeding must consider some important issues, such as nutrition, health, animal category, type of reproductive technique, and selection of animals. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the body condition score (BCS), the number of uses of the intravaginal progesterone device and the effect of the bull on the gestation rate of lactating beef cows, with different calving orders, submitted to a fixed timed artificial insemination (FTAI) protocol. In the study, 623 Aberdeen Angus cows were used, which were categorized into three groups according to the calving order: primiparous cows, second-parity cows, and multiparous cows. On day zero of the FTAI protocol, an evaluation of the BCS of the cows was performed, using progesterone intravaginal devices (IVD) for 9 days, starting from the D0 of the protocol both for used and new IVD. Semen from three different Aberdeen Angus breeders was used. Statistical analysis was made in the NCSS 7.0 software, using the Chi-square test and a significance value of p<0.05. The calving order influenced the pregnancy rate, with the category of primiparous cows having the lowest rates (p<0.05). The BCS and the number of uses of the IVD showed significance only in the primiparous category, in which animals with BCS equal or above 3.5 obtained a higher pregnancy rate, as well as animals with second-use IVD when compared to other groups (p <0.05). Therefore, primiparous cows presented a lower pregnancy rate when compared to the other categories, as well as the BCS and the number of uses of the IVD.

KAJIAN AREA BANGUNAN BREAKWATER TERHADAP TEMPAT LINDUNG SPESIES IKAN DI PANTAI MATRAS KABUPATEN BANGKA

Alleged links Breakwater Beach area of ​​the building as a shelter Matras fish are lots of cracks and cavities of a pile of stones that are still submerged in sea water can be overgrown with algae and the coral recruitment and attended alge fish species and fish-eating predators. This study aims to assess the area of ​​the building Breakwater of the area protected fish species, determine the species composition, abundance of fish by category type and feeding habits of fish and fish community structure which was implemented in April 2019 in the area of ​​the building Breakwater and Non Breakwater in Matras Beach Bangka. The method uses a combination of visual census and gill nets to take fish of data. The results of the study recorded the number of individual fish in the area as many as 3741 individual Breakwater building consists of 22 species from 14 families and Non Breakwater much as one individual, namely the species Carangoides plagioenia of the family Carangidae, Category types and feeding habits of the fish in the area at the Beach breakwater buildings consist of 14 species of fish targets and 8 major fish species, while the eating habits of the fish listed nine types of herbivorous fish species, 11 types of carnivorous fish species, two species of omnivorous fish types. Fish ecology index showed an unstable community with dominance index which tends to be low and fish species are spread relatively evenly and Non Breakwater showed that depressed communities with dominance index tends to be high and fish species are not evenly distributed.