Nanemulsions of foodstuffs and their nutritiological and valleological characteristics

Annotation. The use of nanotechnology in the medical, food, pharmaceutical, biotechnology industries today is an important scientific progress and valuable human heritage. Nanoemulsion technology is an ideal method for the manufacture of encapsulating systems for functional compounds, as it prevents their biotechnological biodegradation and improves their functional availability in the cells of the body. The aim of the article is a scientific-theoretical and practical review of the nutritional and valeological properties of nanoemulsions, their use for encapsulation of various nutraceuticals, namely fat-soluble vitamin D. The in vitro experiment was performed using Franz diffusion cells to study the release of bioactive compounds from nanocarriers. The cytotoxicity of nanoemulsions was investigated by analyzing the proliferation of thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (TTB) cells and nasal epithelial cells as an “in vitro” model. The article provides to characterize the nutritional and valeological properties of nanoemulsions and to experimentally investigate hydrogels based on nanoemulsions as biocarriers of vitaminized compounds. During the study, low- and high-energy nanoemulsions were created, which were used for encapsulation of vitamin D3 and biologically active supplement - curcumin. Loaded nanoemulsions are added to homopolymer and copolymer hydrogels based on polysaccharides and their combinations. Both nanoemulsions and hydrogels are structurally characterized to evaluate the effect of the composition on the emulsification process by their properties. The cytotoxic effect of nanoemulsions "in vitro" on the epithelium of nasal cells, which had a positive therapeutic effect, was studied. In the future, further exploration and research will investigate the use of nanoemulsions as biocarriers for other vitamins and bioactive substances.

Impact of Olive Oil Supplement Intake on Dendritic Cell Maturation after Strenuous Physical Exercise: A Preliminary Study

Physical exercise is known to have a dose-dependent effect on the immune system and can result in an inflammatory process in athletes that is proportional to the intensity and duration of exertion. This inflammatory process can be measured by cell markers such as dendritic cells (DCs), which, in humans, consist of the myeloid DC (mDCs) and plasmacytoid DC (pDCs) subpopulations. The aim of this study was to measure DC differentiation to determine the possible anti-inflammatory effects, after intense aerobic effort, of the intake of a 25 mL extra-virgin olive oil supplement. Three healthy sports-trained subjects went through resistance exercise loads on two days separated by a week: on one day after active supplement intake and on the other day after placebo supplement intake. The results show that the highest increase (77%) in the percentage of mDCs as a proportion of pDCs was immediately after testing. Independently of the supplement taken, mature mDCs showed a decreasing trend between the test one hour after and 24 h after testing ended. Nevertheless, measured in terms of the coefficient of variation, only the decrease (46%) for extra-virgin olive oil supplementation was statistically significant (95% CI: 30–62%; p = 0.05). In conclusion, an extra-virgin olive oil supplement could reduce the inflammatory impact of intense aerobic effort and improve recovery at 24 h.

MUSCLE TISSUE MORPHOLOGY OF BROILER CHICKENS WHEN SUBSTITUTING FEED ANTIBIOTICS WITH A BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUPPLEMENT

This paper discusses the outcomes of the production experiment carried out on one of the poultry farms in the Sverdlovsk Region and at the departments of the Ural State Agricultural University. The experiment was carried out on cross Ross-308 broiler chickens in the number of 80 female and 80 male chickens with an average live weight of 43 g. During the research, the chickens were housed in different cages; the experiment continued throughout the entire rearing period - 38 days. The control group formed of comparable chickens was fed with the basic diet used on the farm with the nutritional value required for this cross, and during rearing, from the 1st to 10th day, the Albac feed antibiotic (500 g per t) was administered; it was substituted with Fortrazin (600 g t) from the 11th to 30th day. From the first day of rearing to the end of fattening, the trial group received the basic diet but the antibiotic was substituted with an alternative safe growth promoter SafMannan in the amount of 0.5 kg per t of compound feed. Comparative zootechnical indices of the control and trial groups showed that the introduction of the SafMannan supplement into the compound feed did not affect the chicken survival rates, and had a promoting effect on the growth and development of broilers accompanied by live weight gains. Histological examination of the breast and thigh muscle groups of the control and trial chickens did not reveal any pathological processes neither with the addition of feed antibiotics or with the introduction of the biologically active supplement SafMannan; the muscle mass increased due to young un-differentiated muscle fibers that were in the process matu-ration, but the final differentiation of the entire muscle mass by the end of the technological cycle did not occur.

ABSORPTION CAPACITY OF BLOOD NEUTROPHILS OF PIG AT DIFFERENT SCHEMES OF USING THE BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUPPLEMENT

In order to study the influence of the scheme of feeding the feed additive yeast hydrolyzate Protamine on the ability of pig blood neutrophils to absorb foreign material in different periods after the introduction of antigens and against the background of pre-slaughter manipulations, 3 groups of piglets of 10 heads of 58‒61 days of age were formed. Animals of group 1 were control. Piglets of group 2 received 5 g of feed supplement yeast hydrolyzate Protamin with water once a day for 2 months according to the scheme: 7 days ‒ watering, 7 days ‒ break. Animals of group 3 received the same amount of supplements, but according to the scheme: 7 days ‒ drinking, 14 days ‒ a break. It was found that after the introduction of antigens and pre-slaughter manipulations, the ability of pigs' blood neutrophils to absorb foreign material increased, but the adaptive reserve of these protective systems of the body disappeared. The absence of stress influences for a month contributed to the optimization of homeostasis and the emergence of an adaptive reserve of the absorption capacity of blood neutrophils. The use of the feed additive Protamine for 2 months according to both schemes one month after the end of the use of this drug led to the optimization of the homeostasis of the organism of experimental animals even under stress conditions (pre-slaughter manipulations). At the same time, the use of the feed additive Protamine according to the scheme: 7 days ‒ drinking the drug, 14 days ‒ a break is more effective under conditions of post-vaccination stress.

Our Experience of Nutraceutical Effects in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Purpose: to assess the possibilities of ophthalmonutraceuticals using in age-related macular degeneration (AND) patients.Patients Methods. The study included 35 patients (68.3 ± 6.3 years old; 15 men, 20 women) with AMD (AREDS-2 and AREDS-3 categories). As an ophthalmic nutraceutical, a biological active supplement was used, included vitamins C and E, zinc, lutein, zeaxantine, cooper, selenium (Retinorm; 3 capsules per day with meals). The observation period was 12 months (6 courses of therapy). There were the main control points: examination at study entry and examination at study completion. All those observed patients were underwent standard ophthalmological examination; fundus state photo registration (Nidek); OCT (Opto-Vue). The significance of a possible increase in the proportion of AREDS-3–4 AMD category patients was assessed using the Pearson γ2 test. An additional criterion was the maximum corrected visual acuity (MCVA) stabilization. The mean and its standard deviation (M ± s) were calculated, the significance of differences was assessed using the Wilcoxon’s t-test.Results. The study was completed in 33 patients. In 2 eyes a transition of AMD from the AREDS-2 to AREDS-3 category was recorded (an increase in the number and size of druses, with the appearance of large druses). The increase in the proportion of patients with the AREDS-3 AMD category was statistically insignificant (γ2 = 0.267; p = 0.606). In no case was there a transition to the AREDS-4 category. In the vast majority of those who completed the study (31 eyes; 93.9 %), the manifestations of AMD were stable, which, taking in account the chosen criterion, allows us to consider nutraceutical support to be affective. MCVA during the observation period also remained stable with a slight, but statistically insignificant tendency to its increase (from 0.72 ± 0.07 to 0.75 ± 0.09; t = 37.5, p > 0.05). One patient was excluded from the study after 6 months of observation due to development of an allergic skin reaction (presumably to the components of a nutraceutical). In the vast majority of patients (97.1%), no significant side effects of therapy were observed, the nutraceutical regimen was comfortable. One more patient was excluded from the study (after 3 months) due to his failure to appear for next follow-up examination.Conclusion. The use of Retinorm ophthalmonutraceutical can stabilize the manifestations of AMD (AREDS-2–3) in 93.9 % of patients with follow-up periods of up to 12 months. Repeated courses of therapy in 97.1 % of patients are not accompanied by significant side effects, and the regimen for taking ophthalmonutraceuticals is characterized by patients as comfortable.

SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL JUSTIFICATION AND ASPECTS OF METABOLIC PROBIOTICS USE IN MICROBIOCENOSIS CORRECTION

The article presents the results of research on the development of a biologically active supplement based on probiotic microorganism B. bifidum and its metabolites, for the correction of microbiocenosis of the gastrointestinal tract in piglets. The aim of the research is to study the aspects of cultivation of b. Bifidum on grain culture media, to determine the effect of probiotic producer and its metabolites on the formation of microbiocenosis of gastrointestinal tract in piglets. The research was carried out in the laboratory of “Agrobiotechnologies” of the Kursk Federal Research Center. Sprouted (PP) and non-sprouted (P) wheat grains of the “Bezostnaya-100”variety were used as the basis of nutrient media for obtaining culture of B. bifidum strain No. 1. Scientific and economic experience was carried out in the conditions of pig complex of OOO “Nadezhda”. Kursk region, Sudzhansky district. It was found that in the medium based on sprouted wheat (PP), the number of B. bifidum was higher by 21.16 % and the content of proteinogenic amino acids prevailed by 28.3 %, the pH of the medium decreased to 3 %, with respect to non-sprouted grain. In experimental studies on animals, it was revealed that the suspension of B. bifidum,in the control group, 44.28% of the microflora found in feces were staphylococci, 2.57% of other microorganisms included conditionally pathogenic microflora, and lacto-and bifidumbacteria occupied only 53.14 %. More marked antagonistic effect was shown by B. bifidum in the medium based on sprouted wheat, the number of bifidobacteria in the feces of piglets was 80.73 %, and their number in comparison with the first group and the control was higher by 13.9% and 91.7%, respectively.

Selective insulation of water flows in a well based on the use of production waste

A method for isolating water inflows into the well by blocking high permeability zones with a gel-forming composition based on sodium silicate, including biologically active additives has been developed. Whey is used as a biologically active supplement. As a result of isolation of the watering intervals by the gel-forming composition, low-permeability oil-saturated areas are involved in the development. The gelation process can be adjusted depending on the concentrations of sodium silicate and whey, as well as the temperature at a certain depth of the reservoir, necessary for isolation. In order to prevent a premature coagulation process when the formation is saturated with hard formation water, fresh or softened water is pumped in front of the gel-forming composition. This technology is used to reach the residual resistance factor to the value 3.88, an increase in oil production will be 18.5%.

COMBINED CORRECTION OF THE CONDITION OF PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND OBESITY

Patients from 30 to 50 years old, suffering from arterial hypertonia of stage 1-2 and obesity of 1-2 degree, were exam-ined. Pharmacological correction of cardiovascular disorders and changes in lipid metabolism with the use of dietary supplements "Triastin" against the background of basic therapy of patients with AH and OB with enalapril was car-ried out. In addition to the basic therapy, biologically active supplement Triastin was used in the amount of 2 cap-sules per day for 21 days in 2 cycles for 6 months as an additional hypolipidemic agent. Anthropometric research was carried out using unified methods. Obesity was assessed, as well as the lipid spectrum of the blood. The systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricle, the size of the aorta, atria and right ventricle, the thickness of the interventric-ular septum in diastole (TMZhPd), the thickness of the posterior wall in diastole (TZSD) were determined using two-dimensional echocardiography. The study revealed a more pronounced and stable decrease in the level of blood pres-sure, lipid profile and side effects of basic therapy, improved myocardial remodeling and its functional features.