The green potential of occupations in Switzerland

We use a data-driven methodology to quantify the importance of different skills in performing green tasks, aiming to estimate the green potential of occupations in Switzerland. By this we mean the potential of an occupation to be able to perform green tasks on the basis of the skills attributed to it, whereby it is irrelevant whether the occupation already bundles green tasks or not. The results show that occupations with a high green potential are predominantly those with an engineering and technical background. In order to substantiate our green potential measure, we provide evidence of a positive association between demand of employment in occupations with high green potential and an increase in the implicit tax rate on greenhouse gas emissions. The share of employment in occupations with a green potential above a reasonable threshold in the total Swiss labour force is 16.7% (number of persons employed) and 18.8% (full-time equivalents). These employed persons are, on average, younger, more often men, have a higher level of educational attainment and a higher probability of having immigrated than employed persons in occupations with low green potential.

Green Support Capacity for Livestock Feed and Yield of Oil Palm Plantation in Watubangga Sub District Kolaka District

This research aims to determine the support of greenery and the results of oil palm plantations as feed for Balinese cattle in Watubangga Sub District. The research method is done by observing the green potential of animal feed. Samples were obtained from the tiling of fodder greens. The research material is a group of grasses, pods, riddles, and the results of oil palm plantations. The research method analyzes weed dominance's carrying capacity and summed dominant ratio (SDR) in a specific area. The results showed nine types of greenery, two types of pods, two types of technical puzzles, and four types of plantation results as a source of livestock feed in Watubangga Sub District. The production of green dried material can meet the needs of 255.33 livestock units, and the effects of oil palm can meet the consumption needs of Balinese cattle 351,516 livestock units.

Green Bonds: New Trends in the Global Market and Opportunities for Russian Economy

Environmental finance has a reputation for delivering market-leading content based on honest and unbiased reporting, cutting-edge research and profound attention to detail. All of the above have placed it at the top of the rapidly growing green bond market. The paper argues that the green label earned with the usage of technologies that prevent environmental pollution or contribute to the stabilization of the environmental situation makes it much easier to obtain external financing on global market. The analysis of the global green bond market dynamics has revealed that almost 70% of the total amount of green bonds were issued in between 2017 and 2019. Based on the data systematization of various open sources the new trends in the global green bond market were identified. The primary trends among them include the growth in the number of smaller deals, the use of mixed funding, the extension of the labelled bonds in the market and the new climate bonds Taxonomy. The conducted analysis of green bonds issues in Russia has shown that the first issue took place in May 2019, although several major Russian companies have been making statements about their intentions to issue green bonds since 2015. The paper states the reasons for the «green» potential reduction as well as for Russia’s low involvement in the global green market. Those reasons mainly are products of immature legislative framework – poor development of regulation and legislation – and lack of its own green bond standards along with the required transparency, accuracy and integrity of disclosed information on issues to stakeholders. The creation of a sustainable development sector on Moscow stock exchange in 2019 provides to increase the issue of green bonds. Having analyzed the stated above the paper proves that the establishing of a unified green investment center linked to the Bank of Russia, as well as increasing transparency and openness of business, not only ensures the increase of green bonds issue in Russia but also contributes to overall environmental stability.

Preparation and Analysis of Calophyllum Inophyllum Biodiesel for Diesel Engine by using CaO as a Catalyst

The fossil fuel service is taken as one of the causes for the globalization. Fossil fuel demand has been increasing in day-to-day life. Biodiesel and Biogas are alternative fuels that rectify fuel some demand. The diesel engine can work under alternative fuels with green potential such as biodiesel. This offers one of the easiest ways for controlling and reduction of CO2, CO and unburned HC. As per the analysis of biodiesel seed, the Calophyllum Inophyllum seed has been selected for an effective result because of easy cultivation, high enriched oil content, free fatty acid and higher seed productivity rate. The oil has been extracted from Calophyllum Inophyllum seed with the application of mechanical extraction process. The acid catalysed esterification and alkaline catalysed trans-esterification process has been done for the production of Calophyllum Inophyllum biodiesel. In both processes, the methanol mixing ratio is maintained at 16:1 for greater removal of glycerine content. The temperature of the alkaline catalyst acts as one of the major root causes of the performance of the biodiesel. By the study from the various alkaline catalyse, calcium oxide having more effectiveness in various preparation temperature like 700 degC, 850degC and 1000degC. The operating temperatures of the alkaline catalysed (CaO) trans-esterification process will increase the performance of bio diesel. The biodiesel blends such as BD0, BD10, BD20; BD40 and BD80 has been taken at a different temperature of the alkaline catalyst. The efficiency of the IC engine has been measured by the feed stock of the bio diesel blends.

Lithium Might Hold the Key to our Clean Energy Future, but Will this Star Metal Fully Deliver on its Green Potential?

Salinas Grandes is a vast salt flat in the high-altitude Puna region of Salta and Jujuy, two north-western provinces of Argentina. It is situated in one of the world’s driest regions, with an extremely fragile ecosystem. Salinas Grandes is so iconic and beautiful that Argentinians voted it amongst the country’s top seven natural wonders in May 2019.1 In addition to its beauty, this stunning desert of salt also holds one of the largest reserves of lithium in the world. Lithium is a light and versatile metal used to produce, among other things, the lithium-ion batteries that power electric vehicles (EV). As global efforts to phase out fossil fuels from our transport systems and adopt clean energy alternatives increase, lithium is becoming increasingly critical. It is no wonder, therefore, that industry has coined it the ‘white gold’.2 Salinas Grandes is only one of many salt lakes in North West Argentina which, together with Bolivia and Chile, form what is known as the ‘lithium triangle’. It is estimated that these three countries alone account for more than half of the world’s lithium.3 Global demand for lithium to produce EV is expected to grow rapidly over the coming decade. To meet this demand, the lithium industry will require significant investment to ramp up additional supply.4 As a result, all eyes have turned to the ‘lithium triangle’ and investment in the region has soared in recent years.5 For the three developing countries, this represents a unique opportunity to attract much-needed foreign investment and boost economic growth.6

Environmentalism, Ecologism, and Basic Income

The Greens are the political group in which the support for the implementation of a basic income is stronger. Nevertheless, the reasons for that support are not always clear and quite often not related to environmental issues. For this reason, two different approaches to a green BI – environmental and ecological – are discussed in this article. The first could be part of a green growth strategy, whereas the second would require structural changes to the economic model, in support of a post-productivist economy. Although showing some overlaps, these models are in conflict in some central aspects, such as the role of economic growth in promoting sustainability. For this reason, it might be incorrect to assume that an environmental BI is a step toward an ecological BI. We will focus on the green aspects as a consequence of implementing a BI and independently of its sources of funding – namely by looking into the amount a BI needs to be in order to support shifting activities from the market to the autonomous sphere – and on the green potential of its sources of financing.

Green potential ofPleurotusspp. in biotechnology

BackgroundThe genusPleurotusis most exploitable xylotrophic fungi, with valuable biotechnological, medical, and nutritional properties. The relevant features of the representatives of this genus to provide attractive low-cost industrial tools have been reported in numerous studies to resolve the pressure of ecological issues. Additionally, a number ofPleurotusspecies are highly adaptive, do not require any special conditions for growth, and possess specific resistance to contaminating diseases and pests. The unique properties ofPleurotusspecies widely used in many environmental technologies, such as organic solid waste recycling, chemical pollutant degradation, and bioethanol production.MethodologyThe literature study encompasses peer-reviewed journals identified by systematic searches of electronic databases such as Google Scholar, NCBI, Springer, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, and ISI Web of Knowledge. The search scheme was divided into several steps, as described below.ResultsIn this review, we describe studies examining the biotechnological feasibility ofPleurotusspp. to elucidate the importance of this genus for use in green technology. Here, we review areas of application of the genusPleurotusas a prospective biotechnological tool.ConclusionThe incomplete description of some fungal biochemical pathways emphasises the future research goals for this fungal culture.

Supramolecular Organization and Evaporation of Polymeric Tin Trifluoroacetates

<div> <div> <div> <p>Simple tin carboxylates make up a family of important industrial catalysts and precursors for deposition of SnO2 thin films. However, their structures remain disparately characterized, and tin trifluoroacetates have been particularly elusive. Here we report on a combined X-ray diffraction (XRD), gas phase electron diffraction (GED) and density functional theory (DFT) study into the structure and bonding of tin(II) and tin(IV) trifluoroacetates to understand their influence on thermal stability and volatility. Tin(II) bis(trifluoroacetate) (1′) eliminates trifluoroacetic anhydride upon sublimation to form the linear polymeric hexatin(II)-di-μ -oxy-octakis-μ-trifluoroacetate (1F ), which itself sublimes (1 Torr at 191 C) as a 1:1 mixture of 1 and ditin(II)-μ-oxy-bis-μ-trifluoroacetate (1′′). Tin(IV) tetrakis(trifluoroacetate) (2F) is also polymeric in the solid state, but evaporates as a monomer at low temperatures (1 Torr at 84 ◦C). Together they make a family of multifunctional Lewis acidic and basic building blocks for supramolecular organization of clusters and polymers in the solid state. Anomalous trends in the volatility of these trifluoroacetates and their hydrogenated derivatives can be rationalized by consideration of their modes of polymerization with respect to the thermodynamics of evaporation. Both 1F and 2F combine high thermal stability and volatility, and are demonstrated to be complementary, safe, and green potential precursors for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or atomic layer deposition (ALD) of earth-abundant transparent conducting F-doped SnO2. </p> <div><div><div> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>