Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol 90% Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.) Terhadap Fertilitas Tikus Putih Jantan (Sprague-Dawley)

Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.) banyak digunakan sebagai obat tradisional dan sumber nutrisi yang baik. Penelitian daun kelor tentang fertilitas telah pernah dilakukan, namun adanya perbedaan hasil menjadi hal yang menarik untuk diteliti lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak etanol 90% daun kelor (EEDK) terhadap fertilitas dengan parameter spermatogenesis dan afrodisiak pada tikus putih jantan (Sprague-Dawley). Tikus putih jantan dibagi secara acak menjadi kelompok normal (NaCMC 0,5%), kelompok uji (EEDK dosis 50, 200 dan 800 mg/kgBB). Pemberian EEDK diberikan secara oral selama 15 hari. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa EEDK dapat meningkatkan serum testosteron namun tidak bermakna (p>0,05), masih dalam konsentrasi normal (0,66-0,54 µg/ml). Konsentrasi spermatozoa meningkat secara bermakna (p<0,05) pada dosis 800mg/kgBB, namun diameter tubulus seminiferus dan bobot testis tidak berbeda bermakna (p>0,05) pada semua dosis kelompok uji. Pemberian EEDK tidak mempengaruhi efek mounting frequency dan latency serta intromission latency dan frequency pada tikus jantan secara bermakna (p>0,05). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian EEDK pada tikus putih jantan (Sprague-Dawley) selama 15 hari memiliki potensi terhadap efek spermatogenesis dibandingkan dengan efek afrodisiak

Effects of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. fruit extract on sexual behaviors in male rats

Background Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. has been used for a long time according to the traditional experiences and documentation in order to treat male sexual disorders. Osthole is one of the main bioactive components in Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. fruit extract of which osthole content was 35% (determined by HPLC method) on sexual behaviors in adult male rats. Methods Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. fruit extract was administered orally at the dose of 150 mg/kg b.w and after 30 min, male rats were coupled with receptive adult female rats to evaluate sexual behaviors, including mounting and intromission. Results Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. fruit extract at the dose of 150 mg/kg b.w increased the percentage of rats that mounted and intromitted; increased the intromission frequency and decreased mounting latency and intromission latency. Conclusion Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. fruit extract increased the ability to mount and intromit in rats, and scientifically support the traditional use of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. in treatment of male sexual disorders.

Evaluation of Preclinical Aphrodisiac Activity of Flueggea leucopyrus Willd. Leaves

Background: Flueggea leucopyrus Willd. leaf has been used since ancient time for its sex enhancing activity by traditional physicians. So, the work was chosen to authenticate the knowledge of pharmaceutical significance of the plant. Methods: The dried leaves of Flueggea leucopyrus were extracted by cold maceration method using water. Aqueous extract of Flueggea leucopyrus leaf was screened for phytochemicals and in vivo aphrodisiac activity using mating behavior, potency and morphological tests. Results: Qualitative phytochemical analysis of leaves of Flueggea leucopyrus showed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, unsaturated sterols, glycosides, saponins, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates and protein. Results revealed that all the treated groups on the 15th, 30th and 45th day of treatment showed significant increase in Intromission Frequency, Mounting Frequency and Ejaculatory Latency significant decrease in Intromission Latency, Mounting Latency, Inter Intromission Interval and Post Ejaculatory Interval. In Test for Potency significant increase in Erections, Long Flips and Quick Flips were observed. Morphological study showed significant increase in reproductive organs weight and Sperm Count in all the experimental animals. Conclusion: The prolonged treatments for all the treated groups were highly effective to increase the sexual libidity, as compared to the solvent control. This indicates that aphrodisiac activity has been shown by water extract but it is less than the standard used for study.

Correcting imbalance of sex hormones by a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor improves copulatory dysfunction in male rats with type 2 diabetes

IntroductionSexual dysfunction is a common complication in men with type 2 diabetes and is often refractory to treatment. This study investigated the long-term influence of the phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE5I) tadalafil on the level of sex hormones and sexual function in male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats as an animal model of spontaneous type 2 diabetes.Research design and methodsWe treated 36-week-old male OLETF and non-diabetic Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats with oral tadalafil (100 µg/kg/day) for 12 weeks; sham groups received vehicle for 12 weeks. Before and after tadalafil treatment, serum levels of total and free testosterone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone and proinflammatory cytokines were compared among four treatment groups. Copulatory function was examined by matching each rat to an estrous female. After completion of the experiment, total fat mass in the abdomen was measured.ResultsTestosterone levels were significantly lower in OLETF versus LETO rats at 36 weeks. After 12 weeks of tadalafil treatment, levels of testosterone were significantly increased both in OLETF-tadalafil and LETO-tadalafil groups versus vehicle groups. Tadalafil decreased estradiol levels both in OLETF and LETO rats. Furthermore, tadalafil increased serum LH levels with a reduction of proinflammatory cytokines. Total fat mass was significantly lower in the OLETF-tadalafil group versus the OLETF-vehicle group. A significant suppression of copulatory behavior, that is, elongation of intromission latency was found in OLETF rats. However, tadalafil treatment for 12 weeks shortened the intromission latency.ConclusionOur results indicate that tadalafil treatment might improve copulatory disorder in the type 2 diabetic model via improvement of an imbalance in sex hormones and an increase in LH levels.

Effect of Maternal Water Restriction on Sexual Behavior, Reproductive Performance, and Reproductive Hormones of Male Rat Offspring

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of maternal water restriction on sexual behavior, reproductive performance, and reproductive hormones of male rat offspring. Forty pregnant female rats were divided into two equal groups: Control (C) and water-restricted (WR). Control dams had ad libitum water access throughout pregnancy, while dams in the WR group were subjected to 50% water-restriction from day 10 of pregnancy onwards. The maternal water restriction provoked a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in body weight of dams before delivery and at birth and litter body weights of offspring at birth. Maternal water restriction did not affect relative weights of reproductive and body organs of male rat offspring. All hormonal concentrations, sperm count, and vitality in male rat offspring were not significantly affected by maternal water restriction. Maternal water restriction exposure induced significant (p < 0.05) reduction in intromission latency, intromission frequency, and post-ejaculation interval in male rat offspring while a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the ejaculation latency was detected in maternal WR group. In conclusion, this study suggests that maternal water restriction had a negative impact on some reproductive characteristics but did not severely affect reproductive performance and reproductive hormones of male rat offspring.

Aphrodisiac property of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Raphia vinifera (Arecaceae) in sexually experienced male rats

Background: Raphia vinifera (Arecaceae) is a medicinal plant commonly used as a sexual enhancer. Objective: To investigate the aphrodisiac potential of aqueous extract (AE) and methanolic extract (ME) of R. vinifera in sexually experienced male rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into six groups (5 rats per group) and administered for 14 days with distilled water (10 ml/kg), sildenafil citrate (1.44 mg/kg), and AE or ME of R. vinifera (100 or 500 mg/kg). The copulatory activity was tested on days 0, 7, and 14 using receptive females. Further, on day 14, rats were sacrificed and biochemical analyses (testosterone, total protein, and acid phosphatase) were performed. Results: Sildenafil citrate significantly decreased the intromission latency (day 14, p = 0.04) and frequency (days 7 and 14, p = 0.03) but increased the mount frequency (day 14, p = 0.04), compared with control. Remarkably, R. vinifera enhanced the sexual activity by significantly decreasing the intromission latency (AE and ME, 500 mg/kg, day 14, p = 0.04) and increasing the mount frequency (AE and ME, 100 mg/kg, day 7, p = 0.02) compared with control. Moreover, R. vinifera improved plasmatic (AE, 100 mg/kg, p = 0.03; AE, 500 mg/kg, p = 0.001; ME, 100 mg/kg, p = 0.01) and testicular (AE, 100 mg/kg, p = 0.001; AE, 500 mg/kg, p = 0.01; ME, 100 mg/kg, p = 0.001; ME, 500 mg/kg, p = 0.01) testosterone levels as well as plasmatic total proteins concentration (ME, 500 mg/kg, p = 0.04). Conclusion: These findings showed that R. vinifera possesses an aphrodisiac property which could further justify its folkloric use in traditional medicine as a sexual enhancer.

Nymphaea lotus Linn. (Nymphaeaceae) Alleviates Sexual Disability in L-NAME Hypertensive Male Rats

Hypertension (HT) is a risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED). This study aimed to evaluate the suppressive effect of Nymphaea lotus (N. lotus) on erectile dysfunction induced by NO deficiency in rat. 40 male rats equally divided into 4 groups received an oral treatment with 10 mg/kg/day of L-NAME, a NO blocker, during 4 weeks. Control group composed of 10 male rats received only distilled water (10 mL/kg). Thereafter oral treatments with N. lotus (75 and 200 mg/kg/day) and losartan (10 mg/kg/day) started and continued concomitantly with L-NAME in 3 groups for 4 additional weeks. Normal and negative controls received only distilled water. Sexual behaviour, orientation activities, anxiety, and penile histomorphology were evaluated at the end of treatment. L-NAME administration elevated significantly the blood pressure in male rats and decreased the copulatory rate by enhancing intromission latency and decreasing the numbers of intromission and ejaculation. However, the sexual motivation remains unaltered by chronic NO blockage suggesting that L-NAME induces penile dysfunction mainly by peripheral mechanisms. L-NAME chronic intake also induced anxiety, 4 weeks of N. lotus cotreatment prevented inhibitory effects of L-NAME on male sexual behaviour by shortening mainly ejaculation latency and postejaculatory interval while losartan does not. Losartan proved to be a more effective drug to decrease the blood pressure compared to the plant extract. Effectively, Nymphea lotus was able to reverse totally at 75 mg/kg the increment of hemodynamic parameters and the histological damage and exhibit anxiolytic-like effects in hypertensive male rats. Nymphaea lotus uses NO pathway to facilitate sexual responses at central and peripheral levels and can have a double medicinal use, against anxiety and erectile dysfunction.

Effect of methanolic extract of Alchornea cordifolia leaves on the sexual behavior of senescent and sexually inexperienced rats

Alchornea cordifolia, a shrub found in tropical Africa, is used to treat several physiological disorders, including male infertility and impotency. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of the methanolic extract of Alchornea cordifolia leaves on the sexual behavior of senescent and sexually inexperienced rats. In order to evaluate aphrodisiac properties and reproductive performance, rats were divided into groups: group I receiving distilled water, group II receiving testosterone, group III receiving sildenafil citrate, group IV and V receiving the methanolic extract of Alchornea cordifolia leaves at 200 mg / kg and 400 mg / kg, respectively. The treatment was done by gavage for groups I, III, IV and V and subcutaneous injection of testosterone every three days for group II for 14 days. On days 1, 7 and 14, the rats were mated to the receptive females. At the end of this last treatment, the rats were mated with gonad-intact females. 14 days after of treatment, the extract leads to an increase in libido and sexual performance parameters (mounts, intromissions and ejaculations frequency) and an increase in sexual desire (decrease of mount and intromission latency). The extract also prolonged the duration of coitus by increasing the ejaculation latency and the average interval of copulation. An increase in the percentage of female’s rats impregnated as well as the numbers of implantations were recorded in females’ rats mated with the males treated with our extract. These results reveal the potential of the methanolic extract of Alchornea cordifolia leaves to improve male reproductive performance justifying its use in traditional medicine

Leaf-Methanolic Extract of Pseudopanax arboreus (Araliaceae) (L. F. Phillipson) Reverses Amitriptyline-Induced Sexual Dysfunction in Male Rats

The people of the Bayangi tribe (Manyu Division) of Cameroon have used the leaves of Pseudopanax arboreus (Araliaceae) traditionally for decades as an aphrodisiac. In order to scientifically investigate this folk claim, we evaluated the effects of the leaf-aqueous extract of P. arboreus on the sexual behavior of normal male rats. The present study was designed to assess the effects of the leaf-methanolic extract of P. arboreus on amitriptyline-induced sexual dysfunction in male rats. Sexually impaired male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8 rats each. Group 1 received 10 ml/kg distilled water, while group 2 was given 6 mg/kg Viagra. Groups 3 and 4 received 46.5 and 93 mg/kg of the leaf-methanolic extract, respectively. Female rats were made receptive by ovariectomy and subsequent hormonal treatment. Sexual behavior parameters were monitored on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 by pairing each male to a receptive female. The extract-treated rats registered significant decrease in mount latency (ML) and intromission latency (IL); nonsignificant increase in mount frequency (MF), intromission frequency (IF), and penile licking (PL); significant decrease in postejaculatory interval (PEI); contrasting effects in ejaculation latency (EL); and mean intromission interval (MII). Both doses of the extract also provoked a significant increase in relative weight of testes, but had no significant effect on the plasma hormonal profile. These findings are similar to those obtained with normal male rats and show that the leaf-methanolic extract of P. arboreus could constitute a potential solution to male sexual impairment.

Preclinical aphrodisiac investigation of ethanol extract of Flueggea leucopyrus Willd. leaves

Sexual dysfunction is a widely found disorder worldwide now a day because of busy lifestyle and stress. Management of disease is somewhat difficult because of cost and shortage of effective treatment. In the present paper authors have investigated effect of ethanolic extract of Flueggea leucopyrus Willd. leaves as aphrodisiac potential on albino rats. The dried leaves of plant were extracted by cold maceration method using ethanol. It was investigated for in vivo aphrodisiac activity. Plant extract was administered at doses 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight for 45 days. The effect of extract on general mating behavior, potency test, morphological studies, organ weight and sperm motility were tested. The results were compared with standard reference sildenafil citrate. The acute toxicity of the drug extract was also checked. On oral administration of ethanol extract 200 and 400 mg/kg doses on 15th, 30th and 45th day of treatment in all treated groups significantly increased intromission latency, mounting frequency, ejaculatory latency and significantly decreased intromission latency, mounting latency, inter intromission interval and post ejaculatory interval. Test for potency showed significant increase in long flips, quick flips and erections. In all experimental animals morphological study showed significant increase in main and accessory reproductive organs weight and sperm motility. As compared to the control the prolonged treatments for all treated groups were highly effective. This showed that aphrodisiac activity has been shown by ethanol extract but it is less than the standard. The present study showed that ethanol extract of Flueggea leucopyrus Willd. leaf increase sexual behavior in rats. Thus it supports the claim for this drug as an aphrodisiac