The relationship between oceanographic factors and the ENSO period on weather in Maluku

The surrounding waters strongly influence the waters of North Maluku. These waters are the entrance gate for ARLINDO, which is directly related to the Pacific Ocean. To produce scientific knowledge, our study aims to determine the influence of oceanographic factors on the distribution of sea surface temperatures (SST) and wind pattern, which affects the rainfall throughout the west monsoon and transitional seasons in the Indonesian region literacy. We used data from ERDDAP, where SST data was processed using Ocean Data View and wind data using WRPLOT. The SST of North Maluku waters during October 2020-April 2021 ranges from 29.1°C-29.8°C, with the highest sea surface temperature, was seen during November-December 2020 and April 2021. The result demonstrates the highest rainfall data was in February 2021 and the dominant winds come from north and west. These winds bring water vapor particles that become convective clouds that increase rainfall in Indonesia, especially in the eastern region. Meanwhile, SST originating from the Pacific Ocean moved due to the Walker Circulation from the east. This further caused the SST from the Pacific Ocean that brought a warm water move towards Indonesian waters.

Changes in the Compressive Strength of Concrete in Thin Horizontally Formed Slabs

During compaction of a concrete mix, when thin slabs are formed in a horizontal position, the components of this mix become segregated. Heavy components fall to the bottom, and light components (air and water) move to the top. This process may suggest that the upper layers of concrete elements formed in a horizontal position may have lower compressive strength than the remaining part of the element. This problem is recognized and documented in many publications, but there was a publication whose test results indicate a lack of variability in the compressive strength of concrete across the thickness of tested elements. The discrepancies appearing in the evaluation of concrete homogeneity was the reason for conducting destructive tests of the compressive strength of concrete across the thickness of horizontally concreted test elements that imitate thin slabs. The obtained results of the destructive compressive strength confirmed previous results regarding the heterogeneity of concrete. They clearly indicate that there is a differentiation of the compressive strength of concrete across the thickness of a thin element, which remained in a liquefied state for a certain time during its formation. The longer the duration of this state across the entire thickness of the formed element, the greater the differentiation of the compressive strength between the top and bottom layers.

Effects of Gravel on Energy and Water Transport in the Soil of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

<p>According to the shortcomings of the land surface model, the new scheme is developed and applied to the simulating soil process at Madoi and Nagqu. Simulations show that gravel tend to reduce soil water holding capacity and enhance soil hydraulic conductivity, surface infiltration and drainage. As a result, the upper layer of soil mixed with gravel tends to drier due to the soil water move to deeper layer. The mean biases of soil moisture between the simulation and observation reduced by 25- 48% at two sites. Soil thermal conductivity is increased with gravel content and the soil thermal inertia was decreased with gravel content increasing. Therefore the deeper layer temperature of soil containing gravel is rapid response to air temperature change. The mean biases of soil temperature between the simulation and observation reduced by 9.1-25% at two sites. From the simulation results at Madoi and Nagqu, we find that the new scheme performed better than the original scheme in simulating soil temperature and water content and the land model implemented the new scheme is suitable for simulating land process in the QTP.</p>

Playful You in the Zhuangzi and Six Dynasties Literati Writing

This essay explores the notion of you 游in the Zhuangzi and Six Dynasties literati writing through a comparative reading. Used interchangeably with its variant you 遊, you 游has various uses and meanings, from the more literal “swim in water”, “move in an unobstructed way”, “wander”, and “travel afar”, to its extended meanings including “ramble in a carefree way”, “travel playfully”, “travel into foreign or unknown space”, or “enjoy a leisurely activity”. You is also, significantly, combined with other characters to form compound expressions specifying different playful activities, e.g. youxi 游戲: “play and frolic”, “amuse oneself”, or “game”; youwan 游玩: “play outdoors” (with an emphasis on movement); and lüyou 旅游: “travelling for leisure”, or “tourism”—which have very different connotations from lüxing 旅行, “journey”, or “travel (the main purpose of which is not pleasure)”. In these different uses and expressions of you, in both classical and modern Chinese, what we find in common is the connotation of an unhindered, playful movement that is closely connected to its spatial context. In the context of the Zhuangzi and Six Dynasties literature, therefore, can we find articulations of you as a playful activity? If yes, in what specific ways is you playful, especially in regard to the space and context in which it occurs? Finally, what do the differences and similarities between the Zhuangzi and Six Dynasties writing say about the evolution of the notion of you within the Daoist and Neo-Daoist discourse? At time of publication of this article, the journal operated under the old name. When quoting please refer to the citation on the left using British Journal of Chinese Studies. The pdf of the article still reflects the old journal name; issue number and page range are consistent.

The Roots of the Grape Vine

Aside from grafting onto already established rootstock or the development of roots from a planted cane (vide supra), root systems develop from the radicle in the plant’s seed. Both as roots begin to form from the cane, and as the sprouting seed coat opens in response to soil temperature, moisture, and genetic programming left in place when the seed formed, the roots begin to grow and interact with the rhizosphere. Similarly, signals received by rootstock where grafting has been effected also occur. The roots begin to bring moisture and food to produce and support the stem and, eventually, the leaves, flowers, and fruit. Heavily fruited plants such as grapes require additional support for the stems. In the roots, epidermal (surface) cells elongate and develop into root hairs. Beneath the epidermal cells it appears that the phloem cells which bring the starch bodies (amyloplasts) to the root tips and help direct which way “down” is, develop first. Then xylem elements develop in order to move the minerals into the system. Most of the minerals are absorbed through channels developing in the walls of the growing undifferentiated cells (the meristems). Because of concentration gradients (i.e., there is less on one side of a cell membrane than on the other), some minerals appear to be actively transported into the cells of the xylem (presumably through similar channels) in response to signals emanating from the plant. From the xylem cells, the minerals and water move upward into the apical meristem and get distributed to other regions. Interestingly, although most of the cells are derived from the same group of meristems which thus might be considered true stem cells, it is genetic programming which permits that differentiation. Thus, the derivatives of the meristems undergo transformation and develop into various cell types that perform the different functions (Figure 6.1). Relatively recently there has been an increased interest in what has been the largely unexplored biology of roots.

Vertical motion of ground water in bed rock induced by earth tide and its influence on a repository for burnt nuclear fuel: a theoretical calculation

Earth tide induced by the Moon and the Sun makes the volume of pores or the apertures of fractures of the bed rock vary, which in turn makes the ground water move. The flow equation of ground water, complete with the tide effect, and its solution, shows that the diffusive propagation of pore pressure is decisive for the response of the perturbation of gravity. Moreover the solution shows that diffusive flow dominates in the Fennoscandian Precambrian rock. The analysis shows that a constitutive coefficient relating the varying perturbation gravity and porosity of bed rock can be determined by field measurements of the level of water in boreholes. Water in a cavity in the bed rock is exposed to an oscillatory interaction with the surrounding pore water. If the cavity is a repository for nuclear waste, this interaction deserves attention. The analysis shows that the magnitude of the oscillatory motion of water between a repository for nuclear waste and its. surrounding groundwater is much less than the vertical motion of the phreatic surface.

Impairment of blood volume restitution after large hemorrhage: a mathematical model

A mathematical model tests possible mechanisms for the progressive failure of blood volume restitution seen after larger hemorrhages ( > 26%) with increasing changes in plasma osmolality. After 10% hemorrhage, the model requires a decrease in net hydrostatic capillary pressure, the release of solute into the extracellular space, and the release of Na+ and K+ from a bound pool in equilibrium with the interstitium to match the experimental data. The solute and released cations expand the interstitium to drive the restitution of volume and protein from 3 to 24 h. After 30% hemorrhage, the best prediction of the average experimental responses occurs when the Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) in the cell membrane is inhibited by 38.7% from 0.8 to 3 h, and the proportionality between capillary pressure and blood volume is reduced by 68% from its value for 10% hemorrhage. When the change in plasma osmolality is doubled after 30% hemorrhage, an increase in the inhibition of the ATPase to 85% and extension of its duration to 24 h are necessary to match experimental findings. The associated defect in sodium transport may occur after large hemorrhage so that sodium and water move into cells. This response may oppose osmotically driven expansion of the interstitium and thus account for the failure of restitution.

Conversaziones 1974

CONVERSAZIONES were held this year on 9 May and 27 June. At the first conversazione twenty-seven exhibits and two films were shown. The fine structure of plant roots in relation to transport of nutrient ions and water was demonstrated by Dr D. T. Clarkson of the A.R.C. Letcombe Laboratory, Wantage and Dr A. W. Robards of the Department of Biology, University of York. Two major pathways by which nutrients and water move radially across the cortex towards the central vascular tissue have been distinguished by the use of tracer studies of adsorption by different zones of intact root systems, microautoradiography and electron microscopy. Movement can be apoplastic through cell walls, or symplastic between cells joined by plasmodesmata. As the root ages, structural changes in the endodermis reduce movement in the former pathway but the symplast is not interrupted by the elaboration of endodermal walls because plasmodesmatal connexions remain intact. These observations help explain the contrasting extent to which different ions and water reach the shoot from young and mature parts of root systems.

Movement of water, sodium, chloride and hydrogen ions across the resting stomach

Since during secretion chloride ion is transported against its electrochemical potential gradient, it has been postulated that the potential difference (P.D.) across the mucosa results from the Cl– transporting mechanism. The present experiments were designed to find out if Cl– is transported against its electrochemical potential gradient in the resting stomach. Using the chambered gastric segment preparation, NaCl and HCl solutions were placed on the mucosal surface. P.D., net volume changes and ionic composition changes were measured. With 0.05 m solutions, Cl– moved against its electrochemical potential gradient and against a water movement. With 0.05 m NaCl, the Na+ ion moved ISF to lumen. With 0.15 m NaCl the Na+ and Cl– moved lumen to ISF (Na+ with and Cl– against their electrochemical potential gradient). H+ ions are absorbed from both 0.05 and 0.10 m HCl. Water moved ISF to lumen with 0.20 m NaCl. It is concluded that NaCl and water move in the direction of their chemical potential gradients in the resting stomach. The resting potential is discussed relative to these findings.