scholarly journals Russian cosmism and transhumanism in the polemic between anthropological voluntarism and providentialism

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
Alexey Viktorovich Suslov
Keyword(s):  
Human Existence ◽  
Central Problem ◽  
Central Idea ◽  
Genetic Link ◽  
Christian Anthropology ◽  
Ethical Content ◽  
Prolongation Of Life ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Individual Existence

Comprehension of the finitude of individual existence entails the need to find the answer to question of overcoming death, a salvation path that would allow pass through the abyss of nonexistence. Solution to this question implies various forms of immortality: naturalistic, theological, technocratic, creative, sensually-transcendental, etc. Prolongation of life and gaining immortality has become a central problem of such philosophical movements as Russian cosmism and modern transhumanism, which view the victory over death as the project and purpose of mankind. The object of this research is the ethical content and key ideas of the philosophy of Russian cosmism and modern transhumanism. The subject is the origins and evolution of transhumanist worldview in its genetic link with the ideas of cosmic philosophy. This article aims to analyze the methods and means of how a human can improve and obtain immortality, which are advanced by transhumanists, and juxtapose them with the ideas of Russian cosmist philosophers. The conclusion is made that the central idea of cosmism and transhumanism, which lies in overcoming the finitude of human existence, does not find its global humanistic realization: both concepts offer partial and unnatural solutions (autotrophy, resurrection, cyborgization). Emphasis is placed on solution of the problem of immortality in the Christian anthropology in spiritual-moral ethical-philosophical context

STORYTELLING AND MEANING RECONSTRUCTION: A METAPHORICAL PERSPECTIVE

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-169
Author(s):  
M L Mojapelo
Keyword(s):  
Personal Development ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Meaning Reconstruction ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Storytelling consists of an interaction between a narrator and a listener, both of whom assign meaning to the story as a whole and its component parts. The meaning assigned to the narrative changes over time under the influence of the recipient‟s changing precepts and perceptions which seem to be simplistic in infancy and more nuanced with age. It becomes more philosophical in that themes touching on the more profound questions of human existence tend to become more prominently discernible as the subject moves into the more reflective or summative phases of his or her existence. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the metaphorical character of a story, as reflected in changing patterns of meaning assigned to the narrative in the course of the subjective receiver‟s passage through the various stages of life. This was done by analysing meaning, from a particular storytelling session, at different stages of a listener‟s personal development. Meaning starts as literal and evolves through re-interpretation to abstract and deeper levels towards application in real life.

Rhythm

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lexi Eikelboom
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Embodied Experience ◽  
Giorgio Agamben ◽  
The Social ◽  
Contemporary Philosopher ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Theoretical Category

This book argues that, as a pervasive dimension of human existence with theological implications, rhythm ought to be considered a category of theological significance. Philosophers and theologians have drawn on rhythm—patterned movements of repetition and variation—to describe reality, however, the ways in which rhythm is used and understood differ based on a variety of metaphysical commitments with varying theological implications. This book brings those implications into the open, using resources from phenomenology, prosody, and the social sciences to analyse and evaluate uses of rhythm in metaphysical and theological accounts of reality. The analysis relies on a distinction from prosody between a synchronic approach to rhythm—observing the whole at once and considering how various dimensions of a rhythm hold together harmoniously—and a diachronic approach—focusing on the ways in which time unfolds as the subject experiences it. The text engages with the twentieth-century Jesuit theologian Erich Przywara alongside thinkers as diverse as Augustine and the contemporary philosopher Giorgio Agamben, and proposes an approach to rhythm that serves the concerns of theological conversation. It demonstrates the difference that including rhythm in theological conversation makes to how we think about questions such as “what is creation?” and “what is the nature of the God–creature relationship?” from the perspective of rhythm. As a theoretical category, capable of expressing metaphysical commitments, yet shaped by the cultural rhythms in which those expressing such commitments are embedded, rhythm is particularly significant for theology as a phenomenon through which culture and embodied experience influence doctrine.

Direct Legislation: Some Implications of Open Housing Referenda

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard D. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
American Government ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Direct Legislation ◽  
Direct Government ◽  
Open Housing

Any middle-aged member of the political science guild in a retrospective mood might ponder a question: “What ever happened to direct democracy?” In our halcyon student days the textbooks discussed the direct democracy trinity—initiative, referendum, and recall—described their mechanics and variations, explained their origin in the Progressive Era, told us that the United States, Australia, and Switzerland were leading practitioners of direct democracy, cited a few eccentric referenda, gave the standard pro and con arguments, and essayed some judgments of the relative merits of direct and representative democracy. Latter day collegians may pass through the portals innocent of the existence of the institutions of direct government. Half of the American government texts never mention the subject; the others allocate a paragraph or a page for a casual mention or a barebones explanation of the mechanics.A similar trend has occurred in the literature. Before 1921, every volume of this Review had items on the referendum, five in one volume. Subsequently there have been only seven articles, all but two prior to World War II. “The Initiative and Referendum in Graustark” has ceased to be a fashionable dissertation topic, only four in the last thirty years. All but two of the published monographs antedate World War II.

scholarly journals Subjective Basis for Elucidating Communication in the Personalistic Perspective

Res Rhetorica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Gondek
Keyword(s):  
Human Existence ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Persuasive Communication ◽  
Communication Activity ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject

The paper examines man’s involvement in the communication process. While elucidating communication one needs to take into account the subjective factors which condition its existence. The article particularly highlights the personal dimension of human existence and an integrated action of his powers thanks to which man constitutes the subject and motive for all forms of communication activity. The basic types of communication are affected by virtue of a relation to human powers: intellective-cognitive and volitive-emotive. Yet, it is persuasive communication that, methodologically ordered within the framework of rhetoric, seems to fully recognize the communication determinants characteristic of man’s nature. The progressing technicization of the media also needs to be perceived through an integrated personalistic perspective accepting the subjective determinants of man participating in the communication process.

scholarly journals Ethical Turn in Legal Analogy

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 159-182
Author(s):  
Felicitas Opwis
Keyword(s):  
Human Existence ◽  
Ethical Content ◽  
The Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lasting Influence ◽  
The Way ◽  
Divine Law

Al-Ghazālī’s articulation that the purposes of the divine Law (maqāṣid al-sharīʿa) are to attain maṣlaḥa for the five necessary elements of human existence was not only novel but had long-lasting influence on the way Muslim jurists understood the procedure of analogy (qiyās). The correctness of the ratio legis was determinable by its consequences in bringing about maṣlaḥa. This shift was possible only by intellectual shifts in understanding the relationship between ethics and law. This paper traces the development in conceptions of ethics and its impact on the procedure of analogy in three 5th/11th century predecessors of al-Ghazālī, namely al-Baṣrī, al-Dabbūsī, and al-Juwaynī. It shows that al-Ghazālī’s definition of the purposes of the Law was developed based on previous conceptual shifts in the ratio legis from being a sign for the ruling to reflecting the ethical content of the divine injunction.

scholarly journals ANTHROPOLOGICAL VIEWS OF THE UKRAINIAN DIASPORA THINKERS: RELIGIOUS AND PHILOSOPHICAL INFLUENCES

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Hanna Salo
Keyword(s):  
Human Existence ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
Christian Anthropology ◽  
Religious Worldview ◽  
Western European ◽  
Philosophical Doctrine

The study examines theoretical sources of the Ukrainian diaspora thinkers that influenced ideas about the person. Through the prism of the diversity of their creative heritage, one can identify the peculiar directions of their religious and philosophical vision, which was based on spirit, mind, heart, transcendence, which correlate with the Divine principle of human existence. It is emphasized that the ideas about a person of the Ukrainian diaspora thinkers were influenced, firstly, by religious ideas (ethnic religion, Christian anthropology); secondly, anthropological problems in the works of ancient Rus' thinkers (the development of the idea of cordocentrism); concepts about a person Gregory Skovoroda, Pamfil Yurkevich (the doctrine of the "internal" person, the heart as the focus of spirituality and morality) thirdly, the Western European philosophical anthropological tradition (psychoanalysis, existentialism, personalism, dialogism, etc.). Due to the existing positions, it can be established that the anthropological trend in the religious views of the Ukrainian diaspora was expressed in such positions: the anthropological perspective was comprehended against the background of a religious worldview, which was reflected in the model of the "man-God-peace" relationship. Diaspora scholars have identified man as the highest value, reflected in its everyday orientations and priorities. Their anthropological teaching is based on the existential-anthropological dominant, which largely determines the content and basic structural and semantic aspects of their religious and philosophical heritage. In fact, the assertion and actualization of diaspora discourse took place on the basis of a synthesis of the domestic religious and philosophical tradition and pan-European anthropological ideas. Intertwining into a kind of mosaic, various influences formed the syncretic religious-philosophical doctrine of person, which is key to the writings of diaspora thinkers.

scholarly journals Semantic analysis of English proverbs and sayings with lexical components “truth” and “lie”

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Vladimir Gurin ◽  
Elena Obletsova
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Theory Structure ◽  
Harm To Others ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Theoretical Conceptualization

The subject of this research is the proverbs and sayings with lexical components “truth” and “lie” in the English language. The relevance of their studying is substantiated by the need in theoretical conceptualization and practical implementation of these phraseological units in aspect of the problem of interrelation between cultural and language, which contributes to more profound understanding of national mentality reflected in the English linguistic worldview. The article explores and analyzes the phenomena of proverbs and sayings, determines their common and differentiating traits. Using the method of semantic analysis, the author develops the classification of proverbs and sayings with lexical components “truth” and “lie”, as well as describes theory structure. As a result of the conducted research, the author determined 31 proverbs and sayings. They reveal the multifaceted nature of human existence, elucidate the perception of truth and lie in the English-language world. Truth and lie are associated with the means of achieving something. At the same time, truth does not always has a positive connotation, but serve as a tool for causing harm to others. Lie is the reason of negative, undesired events.

Peace in Economic Equilibrium

2019 ◽  
pp. 427-439
Author(s):  
Anubhuti Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Economic Equilibrium ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Individual Welfare ◽  
The Subject

Peace is a spiritual phenomenon, but it evolves through various disciplines – psychology, economics, biology, and so on. This is because human beings are complex in nature, and various facets of human existence are correlated with these disciplines. Peace is an integration of all aspects of humanism in a state of equilibrium. This chapter discusses peace as imbibed in ideas of microeconomic equilibrium. Economics is so often disapproved by spiritual thinkers as being a science of self-centeredness even after decades of progress in the subject matter after Alfred Marshall's “Principles of Economics.” This seems justified as today an ordinary man is still concerned with individual welfare first. Therefore, peace needs to be seen from this micro-perspective first so that the society may move to higher objectives later once the individuals are in equilibrium and have attained peace in this narrow but indispensable sense.

Culture

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-63
Author(s):  
Mbosowo Bassey Udok
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Human existence as a whole is attached to a culture. Every human is a member of a group that acts within the framework of patterns of behavior that is unique or peculiar to the group. Each group determines the component of her culture, and culture builds an identity for the group. This chapter is poised to examine definitions of culture across cultural backgrounds to show similarities and differences in articulating the subject matter. It explicates the components of culture which include the product and technical knowledge of human beings in a given environment. The work plunges into the characteristics of culture as socially based. Here, culture is seen as a creation of society and shared among members of the same society and learned through associations with others in the group. The work concludes that though there is no universally acceptable definition of culture, the impact of culture cannot be undermined as its influence is felt across disciplines and communities.

„PACIJENTOVO PISMO“ KAO PRAVNI OSNOV ZA PRIMENU PASIVNE EUTANAZIJE

2021 ◽  
pp. 211-229
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Pavićević ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Living Will ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Prolongation Of Life ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Domestic Law ◽  
Dying Patient

The subject of the paper is the relationship between the duties of physicians and other medical professionals towards the dying patient (as a provider of medical services) and the patient's right to personal choice and preservation of his own right to self-determination in relation to body and life, which is a special subjective civil right. The author discusses the legal-medical (but also ethical) issue of the patient's ability to freely decide not to agree to a medical measure of artificial prolongation of life or suspension of already started measures. The issue is examining the limits of the so-called permissibility of “passive euthanasia”, which is indirectly recognized in domestic law by the Law on Patients' Rights and the legal basis for its application in one particular modality, the so-called "Patient letter" (living will) which is an established legal instrument in some foreign legislation and practice. Analyzing the experience of some foreign countries, the author supports the introduction of such an institute - as a kind of anticipated directives in domestic law, referring to the patient's constitutional right to self-determination, which embodies the supreme good, even more valuable than (unwanted) life. Such a solution is in line with the principle of human will autonomy, freedom to dispose of life as a personal good, and potentially a reflection of the so-called "the right to die", which is the reverse of the right to life

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